Deck 2: Theory and World Politics

Question 1

The issue of climate change is

A) Accepted as fact by all scientists.
B) Believed to be false by all scientists.
C) Generating extremely strong international agreements.
D) Controversial and debated both nationally and internationally.

Answer 1

Controversial and debated both nationally and internationally.

Question 2

Those who bear the immediate costs of mitigating or addressing climate change argue

A) There is no climate change.
B) Even if there is climate change, humans are not the cause.
C) Even if there is climate change, humans cannot control it.
D) All of the above.

Answer 2

All of the above.

Question 3

Despite challenges to the claim of climate change, internationally

A) It is being ignored.
B) Steps are being taken to address it.
C) Everyone agrees on the means to address the problem.
D) There is a consensus among developed and developing states.

Answer 3

Steps are being taken to address it.

Question 4

The UNFCCC is an international institution that promotes

A) Cooperation.
B) Technology transfers.
C) Information sharing.
D) All of the above.

Question 5

Ungoverned areas shared by all countries are known as

A) Global commons.
B) Common property.
C) International property.
D) International commons.

Question 6

A country's legislative approval of a treaty signed by the executive is

A) Ratification.
B) Referendum.
C) Retaliation.
D) Collective action.

Question 7

The fact that there are domestic disagreements in countries about climate change reflects which major theme?

A) Conflict
B) Cooperation
C) Globalization
D) Fragmentation

Question 8

The ability of states to come together to work on the issue of climate change illustrates which major theme?

A) Conflict
B) Cooperation
C) Globalization
D) Fragmentation

Question 9

The belief by developing countries that they should be allowed to pollute as a process of industrialization reflects which major theme?

A) Conflict
B) Cooperation
C) Globalization
D) Fragmentation

Question 10

Agribusinesses cutting down the Amazon rain forest, contributing to climate change, is an example of which major theme?

A) Conflict
B) Cooperation
C) Globalization
D) Fragmentation

Question 11

What is the purpose of the levels of analysis?

A) To identify universal rules to explain world politics
B) To divide the huge, complex, confusing picture of world politics into analyzable pieces
C) To treat something created by people as naturally occurring
D) None of the above

Question 12

Which level of analysis assumes that the anarchic structure of global politics explains how international affairs play out?

A) Individual level
B) Domestic level
C) System level
D) None of the above

Question 13

All of the following are elements of the systemic level of analysis except

A) States are unitary actors.
B) States exist in an anarchic structure.
C) States are rational actors.
D) States are divided into democracies and nondemocracies.

Question 14

Country A is the hegemon and is in negotiations to create a regional trading bloc with Countries B, C, and D. Investigating the influence and pressure exerted by Country A on all other countries is an example of the

A) Individual level of analysis.
B) Domestic level of analysis.
C) System level of analysis.
D) None of the above.

Question 15

When states are presumed to make the best possible decision, based on a set of priorities, they are described as

A) Unitary actors.
B) Rational actors.
C) The hegemon.
D) All of the above.

Question 16

Which level of analysis would ask, "Can institutions such as the UNFCCC act independently of its member states?"

A) Individual level
B) Domestic level
C) System level
D) None of the above

Question 17

Reliance on one's own capabilities because there is no higher authority to which to appeal is

A) Self-help.
B) Zero-sum.
C) Confidence building.
D) Free riding.

Question 18

Arms races and arms control agreements exemplify what kind of international problem?

A) Collective security
B) Prisoner's dilemma
C) Free riders
D) Balance of power

Question 19

_______________ is offered as a metaphor for how difficult it is to achieve international cooperation in an anarchic system.

A) Collective security
B) World systems theory
C) Prisoner's dilemma
D) Balance-of-power theory

Question 20

One of the assumptions of the prisoner's dilemma is that there are only ________ players.

A) Two
B) Three
C) Four
D) Six

Question 21

The stag hunt game is focused on the role of

A) Hunger in international relations.
B) Trust in cooperative endeavors.
C) Hunting strategies.
D) None of the above.

Question 22

Examining the effects of domestic structures, institutions, and cultures is characteristic of the

A) Individual level of analysis.
B) Domestic level of analysis.
C) System level of analysis.
D) Institutional level of analysis.

Question 23

Governments ruled by or subject to religious authority are

A) Theocracies.
B) Secular regimes.
C) Oligarchies.
D) None of the above.

Question 24

Examining whether the Jewish lobby in the United States influences the U.S. government's decision to support Israel in certain foreign policies is an example of the

A) Individual level of analysis.
B) Domestic level of analysis.
C) System level of analysis.
D) None of the above.

Question 25

The domestic level of analysis mostly stresses which of the following?

A) The process by which foreign policy is made
B) The balance of power
C) The number of poles in the international system
D) The personality traits of individual leaders

Question 26

Which level of analysis would focus on "political culture"?

A) Individual level of analysis
B) Domestic level of analysis
C) System level of analysis
D) Institutional level of analysis

Question 27

An independent variable is

A) A causal factor.
B) That which is acted upon.
C) That which acts on something else.
D) Both a and c

Question 28

Operational codes are

A) A system of beliefs and a guide to action.
B) Found only in national elites.
C) A product of public opinion.
D) All of the above.

Question 29

In developing the concept of the operational code, Alexander George developed questions to identify which two types of beliefs?

A) Philosophical and instrumental
B) Philosophical and rational
C) Instrumental and rational
D) Rational and religious

Question 30

In ascertaining one's operational code, the following question is asked: Is the international system one of cooperation or conflict? This is what type of question?

A) Psychological
B) Philosophical
C) Instrumental
D) Irrational

Question 31

A method of classification is called a

A) Typology.
B) Symbol.
C) Worldview.
D) None of the above.

Question 32

Explaining the climate change debate by looking at the role of the Australian prime minister Kevin Rudd would be an example of the

A) Individual level of analysis.
B) Domestic level of analysis.
C) System level of analysis.
D) Institutional level of analysis.

Question 33

Which of the following levels of analysis allows for the greater ability to provide for a more generalizable explanation of a particular political phenomenon?

A) Individual level of analysis
B) Domestic level of analysis
C) System level of analysis
D) All of the above

Question 34

Which of the following levels of analysis tends to be the most parsimonious and thus the most generalizable?

A) Individual level of analysis
B) Domestic level of analysis
C) System level of analysis
D) All of the above

Question 35

Which level of analysis tends to be the most descriptive?

A) Individual level of analysis
B) Domestic level of analysis
C) System level of analysis
D) All of the above

Question 36

___________ refers to factors that are considered adequate for determining a specific outcome; that is, these factors must be present to achieve the outcome.

A) Objective factors
B) Subjective factors
C) Necessary and sufficient conditions
D) Independent variables

Question 37

The writings of the Greek historian Thucydides and Chinese philosopher Sun Tzu are part of the historical tradition of

A) Realism.
B) Liberalism.
C) Constructivism.
D) World systems theory.

Question 38

Realpolitik literally means

A) Real politics.
B) Political reality.
C) Politics of realism.
D) None of the above.

Question 39

Policy makers such as George Kennan and Henry Kissinger are associated with which international relations theory?

A) Realism
B) Hegemonic-stability theory
C) Liberalism
D) Constructivism

Question 40

Kenneth Waltz is a contributor to which variant of realism?

A) Classical realism
B) Structural realism
C) Neoclassical realism
D) Modern realism

Question 41

Which of the following paradigms emphasizes power politics and the amoral nature of humans in shaping interstate relations?

A) Idealism
B) Realism
C) Collective security
D) Marxism

Question 42

The most important factor in the realist paradigm is

A) Economics.
B) International institutions.
C) National security.
D) Interdependence.

Question 43

Which variant of realism focuses on the fearful and conflictual nature of humankind?

A) Classical realism
B) Structural realism
C) Neoclassical realism
D) None of the above

Question 44

Structural realists are most concerned with

A) Economics.
B) Great powers.
C) Interdependence.
D) Collective security.

Question 45

Structural realists are more concerned with __________ power than with __________ power.

A) relative; absolute
B) relative; finite
C) absolute; relative
D) economic type; military

Question 46

Which variant of realism is concerned with polarity?

A) Classical realism
B) Structural realism
C) Neoclassical realism
D) None of the above

Question 47

In terms of polarity, the Cold War would be an example of a

A) Unipolar system.
B) Bipolar system.
C) Multipolar system.
D) None of the above.

Question 48

If a state "bandwagons," it does which of the following?

A) It joins with the coalition opposing a rising power.
B) It joins forces with the rising power.
C) It waits for other states to take responsibility for confronting aggression.
D) It gets dragged into a war that it has no interest in fighting.

Question 49

Weak states allying themselves with a more powerful economy to reap the benefits of trade is an example of

A) Bandwagoning.
B) Balancing.
C) Defecting.
D) Deterrence.

Question 50

Consider the following scenario: the United States and other countries in the Western Hemisphere form a regional trade bloc to compete with China's growing economic power. This is an example of

A) Bandwagoning.
B) Balancing.
C) Defecting.
D) Deterrence.

Question 51

When considering climate change, structural realists would

A) Look at world leaders and their leadership styles.
B) Consider the role of legislative bodies.
C) Consider the issue only as it affects relative power among the strongest states.
D) Focus on the role of the United Nations.

Question 52

Classical realists tend to rely on the

A) Individual level of analysis.
B) Domestic level of analysis.
C) System level of analysis.
D) Institutional level of analysis.

Question 53

An early philosopher in the liberal vein, Hugo Grotius, wrote about all of the following except

A) Just war.
B) Natural law.
C) International society.
D) Social contracts.

Question 54

____________ suggests that there are universal laws that transcend manmade rules and regulations.

A) Natural law
B) Positive law
C) The social contract
D) Regimes

Question 55

Immanuel Kant, writing in his 1795 Perpetual Peace, argued that peace in the international system could be achieved through the establishment of

A) Sovereign states.
B) Republican constitutions.
C) Both a and b
D) Neither a nor b

Question 56

The school of thought that argues that anarchy and violence of the international system can be overcome by international institutions promoting cooperation is called

A) Liberalism.
B) Collective security.
C) Balance of power.
D) Constructivism.

Question 57

__________ refers to the idea that there is a potential for mutual benefits in relationships between states, such as engaging in trade with states in the international system.

A) Zero sum
B) Variable sum
C) Multiple sum
D) Negative sum

Question 58

The variant of liberalism that is associated with the systemic level of analysis is

A) Classical liberals.
B) Neoliberals.
C) Neoclassical liberals.
D) Democratic peace theory.

Question 59

Hugo Grotius, John Locke, and Immanuel Kant are all considered contributors to

A) Realism.
B) Structural realism.
C) Liberalism.
D) Constructivism.

Question 60

___________ is a metaphor for a world in which there is no higher authority to which to turn and in which each individual can depend only on himself or herself.

A) Security dilemma
B) Regime theory
C) Interdependence
D) State of nature

Question 61

The belief that the development of international institutions and agreements can help to overcome the anarchic structure of the international system is found in the

A) Realist paradigm.
B) Liberal paradigm.
C) Constructivist paradigm.
D) Marxist paradigm.

Question 62

Which two concepts are considered synonymous?

A) Regime and interdependence
B) Regime and institution
C) Institution and interdependence
D) Institution and social contract

Question 63

Member states joined OPEC to use the organization to further their mutual interests while at the same time putting measures in place to prevent any one member from taking advantage of the other members' willingness to cooperate. This illustrates which variant of liberalism?

A) Regime theory
B) Classical liberalism
C) Democratic peace theory
D) Interdependence theory

Question 64

______________ argued that a Leviathan was necessary to overcome the natural condition of man in a state of nature, whereas ____________ argued that man could overcome the same challenge through social contracts.

A) Thomas Hobbes; John Locke
B) John Locke; Thomas Hobbes
C) Thomas Hobbes; Thomas Jefferson
D) John Locke; Thomas Jefferson

Question 65

Institutionalists differ from neorealists in that the former strive for ___________, whereas the latter are more concerned with ____________.

A) Absolute gains; relative gains
B) Relative gains; absolute gains
C) Positive gains; negative gains
D) Negative gains; positive gains

Question 66

Which of the following statements is most accurate?

A) Democracies are less likely to make war on each other.
B) Democracies are less likely to be involved in war than any other regime type.
C) Authoritarian regimes are most likely to be involved in war.
D) Regime type makes little difference in involvement in war.

Question 67

All of the theories of global politics assume that states are rational except

A) Realism.
B) Liberalism.
C) Constructivism.
D) None of the above.

Question 68

Constructivism suggests that

A) States develop their identities and interests internally.
B) A state's identity and interests are exogenously given.
C) States are dominant actors in the international system.
D) All of the above.

Question 69

The idea that anarchy is simply what individuals make of it reflects the

A) Realist paradigm.
B) Liberal paradigm.
C) Constructivist paradigm.
D) Marxist paradigm.

Question 70

Which of the following theories does not neatly break down within the levels of analysis?

A) Liberalism
B) Realism
C) Constructivism
D) Hegemonic-stability theory

Question 71

Which of the following theories is considered on the rise in international relations?

A) Realism
B) Liberalism
C) World systems theory
D) Feminism

Question 72

For feminist scholars, ___________________ is the category of analysis.

A) Gender
B) War
C) Poverty
D) Men

Question 73

The Marxist term for the developing world is

A) Core.
B) Periphery.
C) Global commons.
D) None of the above.

Question 74

Theorists who focus on uneven economic development and the exploitation of the developing world adhere to which theory in international relations?

A) World systems theory
B) Feminist theory
C) Regime theory
D) Constructivism

Question 75

List and define the three levels of analysis discussed in the text. In your explanation, give an example of each level.

Question 76

What is anarchy, and how does it relate to the three major theories of international relations?

Question 77

What is a unitary actor?

Question 78

Explain the difference between zero sum and variable sum.

Question 79

What does it mean to be a rational actor?

Question 80

Explain the prisoner's dilemma.