Deck 3: World Politics and Economics: 1648 1945

Question 1

The sovereign nation-state system originated where?

A) The United States of America
B) Europe
C) China
D) Latin America

Answer 1

Europe

Question 2

The Reformation is best characterized as what kind of event?

A) A Protestant revolt against the religious authority of the Roman Catholic Church
B) The final end of the crusades to liberate the Holy Lands in the Middle East
C) A Catholic revolt against the religious authority of the Protestant Church
D) The European discovery of the New World

Answer 2

A Protestant revolt against the religious authority of the Roman Catholic Church

Question 3

What important principle was established by the Peace of Westphalia?

A) Power projection
B) The feudal system
C) A just war
D) Sovereignty

Answer 3

Sovereignty

Question 4

The Peace of Westphalia established that

A) The Catholic Church would remain supreme in the domestic affairs of nations.
B) States are to be sovereign in their internal affairs.
C) Political legitimacy must originate in the democratic will of the majority.
D) Whenever a state displays blatant aggression, other states must practice noninterference.

Question 5

The principle of sovereignty recognized in the Peace of Westphalia represents an essential element in the creation of the modern nation-state because

A) Political legitimacy was to be derived from unified religious authority rather than secular authority.
B) Political legitimacy was to be obtained through conquest rather than constitutionalism.
C) Political legitimacy was to be derived from secular authority rather than divine sanction.
D) Political legitimacy was to be derived through democratic rule of the people.

Question 6

The international system during the eighteenth century is best characterized as

A) Feudal.
B) Multipolar.
C) Bipolar.
D) Unipolar.

Question 7

Power projection refers to the ability of states to do which of the following?

A) Exert influence beyond their own borders
B) Prevent their citizens from gaining control of government
C) Rely on other states for their security and protection
D) Recognize the authority of the Roman Catholic Church

Question 8

To be a great power, a state should have which of the following?

A) Relatively large territory
B) A well-organized military
C) A strong economy
D) All of the above

Question 9

Which of the following statements best describes the nature of alliances in eighteenth-century Europe?

A) Alliances fluctuated constantly and unpredictably.
B) Alliances were usually made for long periods of time.
C) Alliances were usually formed before wars ever started.
D) Alliances were not used to preserve the balance of power.

Question 10

Which of the following was not one of the three major wars of the eighteenth century?

A) The War of the Spanish Succession
B) The War of the Austrian Succession
C) The Seven Years' War
D) The Thirty Years' War

Question 11

When Frederick II of Prussia stated, "If we can gain something by being honest, we will be it, and if we have to deceive, we will be cheats," he was demonstrating what kind of view of international relations?

A) Idealism
B) Realism
C) Isolationism
D) Fragmentation

Question 12

One of the things the European wars of the eighteenth century demonstrated was that

A) The major powers of Europe were not concerned with preventing any one nation from dominating the continent.
B) The question of who would rule the various states was of little importance.
C) Wars were fought exclusively in Europe.
D) Alliances could be changed rapidly.

Question 13

Although the French may have helped to defeat the British in the American War of Independence, their own cause was hurt because

A) The war dramatically escalated the French government's debt.
B) The war forced the French monarch to immediately implement needed domestic reforms.
C) The war forced the king to lower taxes.
D) All of the above.

Question 14

The immediate cause of the French Revolution was

A) French free-trade policies.
B) France's open and democratic political system.
C) France's tremendous debt.
D) All of the above.

Question 15

The French Revolution was inspired by which ideology?

A) Monarchism
B) Communism
C) Capitalism
D) Nationalism

Question 16

Liberalism is the belief that

A) The power of government should reside in the hands of the people.
B) Government should allow individuals as little responsibility for controlling their own actions as possible.
C) Popular loyalty should focus on the nation rather than the monarch.
D) All of the above.

Question 17

When waging war, Napoleon did which of the following?

A) Practiced only limited war, as was the custom
B) Accepted only complete submission and occupation of a defeated country
C) Allowed conquered countries to remain independent to gain more allies
D) Increased inefficiency through the introduction of the French system of government in conquered nations

Question 18

Napoleon's "Continental System" was designed to do which of the following?

A) Expand French economic control of Europe and weaken the British
B) Promote governmental efficiency in the countries he conquered
C) Install his relatives as monarchs in conquered nations
D) Increase the number of conscripts in his armies

Question 19

All except which of the following factors contributed to the undermining of Napoleon's power?

A) France's allies turned against him
B) France's inability to defeat Spain and Portugal
C) The levee en masse
D) The invasion of Russia

Question 20

The participants of the Vienna peace conference sought to restore normalcy, by which they meant

A) A return to the feudal system.
B) A return to power by Napoleon.
C) The creation of liberal, democratic nations.
D) The restoration of monarchical systems.

Question 21

The participants in the Concert of Europe agreed on which of the following ideas?

A) Domestic developments could have international repercussions.
B) Nations should never interfere in the affairs of other states.
C) Democratic practices should be encouraged in all of the territories France had conquered.
D) Self-defense was to be preferred over collective security.

Question 22

Nationalism served as a unifying force in which European country?

A) The Austrian Empire
B) The Ottoman Empire
C) The Netherlands
D) Germany

Question 23

Which two nations unified in the second half of the nineteenth century?

A) Germany and Italy
B) The Netherlands and Belgium
C) The Ottoman Empire and the Austro-Hungarian Empire
D) Canada and the United States

Question 24

Otto von Bismarck can best be described as

A) An idealist.
B) A liberal.
C) A realist.
D) A democrat.

Question 25

How was family life transformed by the advent of the Industrial Revolution?

A) Families moved frequently as parents sought jobs.
B) Women were not allowed to work.
C) The living conditions of poor families quickly improved and brought them into the middle class.
D) There was an increase in the number of extended-family groups.

Question 26

One of the economic effects of the Industrial Revolution was

A) Increased British support for mercantilism and protectionism.
B) Increased seagoing commerce.
C) The end of colonization.
D) The end of competition over markets and raw materials.

Question 27

After the Napoleonic Wars, Britain promoted

A) Protectionism.
B) Free trade.
C) War.
D) All of the above.

Question 28

The British Corn Laws

A) Were a set of tariffs on agricultural imports.
B) Protected British landowners in the late 1700s and early 1800s.
C) Were repealed in 1846 and helped facilitate a boom in international trade.
D) All of the above.

Question 29

Germany used a system of alliances to

A) Moderate the demands of its allies.
B) Discourage the formation of coalitions of opponents.
C) Prevent the escalation of local conflicts into general war.
D) All of the above.

Question 30

Which factor played a major role in the decline of Bismarck's alliance system?

A) German domination over the Balkans
B) The irreconcilable interests of Austria-Hungary and Russia
C) The inflexibility of Bismarck's foreign policies
D) Bismarck's lack of diplomatic skill

Question 31

The world wars brought which kind(s) of change(s) to international relations?

A) Social
B) Political
C) Economic
D) All of the above

Question 32

Which of the following was not among the factors that contributed to the outbreak of World War I?

A) The growing power of France
B) The changing economic balance of power
C) Ascendant nationalism
D) The cult of the offensive

Question 33

One of the advantages Germany enjoyed from being at the center of Europe was that

A) It had fewer points of potential conflict with other powers.
B) It did not have to fear encirclement by its adversaries.
C) It could concentrate its military forces to meet a threat from any direction.
D) It shared a border with Great Britain.

Question 34

Kaiser Wilhelm made what kind of changes in German foreign policy after he dismissed Bismarck?

A) Germany began to forge closer relations with Great Britain.
B) Germany deemphasized naval power.
C) Germany developed closer ties with Austria-Hungary.
D) Germany developed better relations with Russia.
E) All of the above.

Question 35

The French alliance with Russia prior to World War I had which of the following consequences?

A) It countered the increased power of Great Britain.
B) It created an alliance system that locked the great powers into military commitments.
C) Spain regarded it as the first step in a hostile encirclement.
D) It represented an extension of the Triple Alliance.

Question 36

Increasing friendship between Japan and Great Britain before World War I helped lead to which of the following?

A) The two nations agreed to go to war against Russia.
B) It led to a worsening of relations between Great Britain and France.
C) It helped create a flexible set of alliances.
D) It helped create an alliance between Great Britain and France.

Question 37

The system of alliances that existed prior to World War I ensured that

A) If two of the great powers went to war, the others would follow.
B) Each state could remain flexible in its choice of alliance partners.
C) Major-power war could be prevented.
D) The Triple Alliance held the balance of power in Europe.

Question 38

Prior to World War I,

A) Population growth was greater than the growth in industrial production.
B) The growth in industrial production was spread evenly throughout Europe.
C) The growth in industrial production outstripped the growth in population.
D) Increased industrial growth decreased the competition for resources.

Question 39

Prior to World War I, the most powerful economic power in continental Europe was

A) France.
B) Great Britain.
C) Russia.
D) Germany.

Question 40

The main objective of European alliances prior to World War I was to

A) Contain French expansionism.
B) Prevent the spread of Russian communism.
C) Reduce British naval supremacy.
D) Contain German expansionism.

Question 41

The most powerful political doctrine of the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries was

A) Communism.
B) Nationalism.
C) Imperialism.
D) Expansionism.

Question 42

The empire that felt most threatened by nationalist movements was

A) The Ottoman Empire.
B) The German Empire.
C) The Austro-Hungarian Empire.
D) The Russian Empire.

Question 43

The Austro-Hungarian Empire was afraid of

A) Serbian nationalism.
B) French encroachment.
C) German revanchism.
D) Swedish meatballs.

Question 44

Which nation felt that it had been left out of the race for colonies prior to World War I?

A) France
B) Germany
C) Great Britain
D) Japan

Question 45

Which of the following helps to explain why the cult of the offensive became the primary doctrine for European military leaders?

A) Recent experiences in the American Civil War and the Boer War
B) Most European leaders did not expect that the next war would be like the last.
C) The expansion of railroads
D) Generals were not able to oversee and control their troops.

Question 46

The cult of the offensive before World War I enhanced

A) The security dilemma.
B) Nationalism.
C) The Industrial Revolution.
D) Colonialism.

Question 47

The success of Germany's Schlieffen Plan was dependent on

A) The defeat of Great Britain before war against Russia.
B) Rapid mobilization of troops and equipment.
C) The German alliance with France.
D) All of the above.

Question 48

Among the many problems Russia experienced during World War I that made it ripe for revolution was

A) Insufficient supplies of weapons, ammunition, and food for the troops.
B) Inflation.
C) Increasing the draft of men into the army.
D) All of the above.

Question 49

When the Bolsheviks took power in Russia

A) They continued the fight against Germany.
B) They declared war on the United States.
C) They made peace with Germany.
D) They switched sides in the war.

Question 50

World War I would best be characterized as a

A) Total war.
B) War of attrition.
C) Defensive war.
D) All of the above.

Question 51

Which of the following nations was not invited to the Paris Peace Conference in 1919?

A) Germany
B) Italy
C) France
D) The United States

Question 52

The goals of the participants of the Paris Peace Conference in 1919

A) Were radically different from the realpolitik policies of the nineteenth century.
B) Were commensurate with Woodrow Wilson's Fourteen Points.
C) Often involved the division of territory.
D) Allowed for a just and fair peace for Germany.

Question 53

All but which of the following was part of the Versailles Treaty that Germany was forced to accept?

A) Germany was held responsible for the war.
B) Germany had to give some of its territory to help create a new Polish state.
C) Germany had to accept French and British occupation of the entire German nation.
D) Germany was forbidden to possess submarines, tanks, or an air force.

Question 54

The Austro-Hungarian Empire was divided into a number of new states consistent with the principle of

A) Realism.
B) Self-determination.
C) The Schlieffen Plan.
D) Comparative advantage.

Question 55

The Treaty of Versailles officially ended

A) World War II.
B) World War I.
C) The Spanish Civil War.
D) The Russian Revolution.

Question 56

Which aspect of the Treaty of Versailles were Germans most opposed to?

A) The reparations Germany was forced to pay France
B) The loss of Germany's overseas colonies
C) The military occupation of German territory
D) The blame assigned to Germany for starting World War I

Question 57

As a consequence of the Treaty of Versailles,

A) Germany was permanently weakened.
B) Germany was partitioned.
C) Germany was forced to make reparation payments to the Allies.
D) Germans were united into one state.

Question 58

Post-World War I public opinion in France and Great Britain was characterized by the desire to

A) Punish Germany further for causing World War I.
B) Increase defense spending.
C) Blame the war on arms races.
D) Avoid appeasement.

Question 59

Which country turned to an extremist nationalist movement to lead its government after World War I?

A) Great Britain
B) Italy
C) France
D) Czechoslovakia

Question 60

One of the effects of the Great Depression was that nations were led to

A) Open their markets to more foreign goods.
B) Increase the payment of war reparations.
C) Resume the colonization of Africa.
D) Erect trade barriers to protect domestic markets.

Question 61

Which of the following was not one of the causes of World War II?

A) The leniency of the Versailles treaty
B) The rise of fascism
C) The changing balance of power in Europe
D) The lack of enforcement of the terms of the Versailles Treaty

Question 62

Hitler's desire for power is what type of explanation for the start of World War II?

A) Individual level
B) Domestic level
C) Systemic level
D) Idealist

Question 63

The rising power of Germany, Japan, and Italy is what type of explanation for the start of World War II?

A) Individual level
B) Domestic level
C) Systemic level
D) Idealist

Question 64

Public support for the appeasement policy is an explanation for World War II from what level of analysis?

A) Individual level
B) Domestic level
C) Systemic level
D) None of the above

Question 65

Great Britain and France were led to appease Hitler because

A) German military spending was quite low.
B) Both countries wished to provoke Hitler into war.
C) Appeasement was a popular policy.
D) Both countries' economies had recovered from the Great Depression.

Question 66

Which nation launched "Operation Barbarossa"?

A) Germany
B) The United States
C) France
D) Japan

Question 67

The "Big Three" leaders of the Allies differed on which of the following issues in 1945?

A) The self-determination of countries liberated by the Soviet Union
B) War reparations from Germany
C) Russian control over eastern Europe
D) All of the above

Question 68

The "Big Three" leaders who met at Yalta in February 1945 to address important issues regarding postwar Europe were

A) Churchill, Roosevelt, and Stalin.
B) Hitler, Mussolini, and Roosevelt.
C) Roosevelt, Churchill, and Mussolini.
D) Mussolini, Roosevelt, and Stalin.

Question 69

The only remaining member of the "Big Three" by the time of the Potsdam Conference in July 1945 was

A) Roosevelt.
B) Churchill.
C) Stalin.
D) None of the above.

Question 70

The Holocaust was the murder of

A) Jews.
B) Gypsies.
C) Homosexuals.
D) All of the above.

Question 71

The aim of Nazi concentration camps was

A) To murder those who entered.
B) To hold the Jews until the war was over.
C) To access free labor.
D) None of the above.

Question 72

Which of the following factors did not influence Harry Truman as he tried to bring the war against Japan to a successful conclusion?

A) The domestic political cost of an American invasion of Japan
B) The necessary participation of the Soviet Union in an invasion of Japan
C) The ferocious tenacity with which Japan could be expected to defend its home islands
D) Japan's possession of atomic weapons

Question 73

The United States began its secret Manhattan Project in 1942 to

A) Spy on Germany.
B) Create an atomic bomb before Germany.
C) Deter German expansion.
D) Prepare to defend itself militarily from German invasion.

Question 74

In 1942, the Manhattan Project was so secret that not even _______________ knew about it.

A) Roosevelt
B) Truman
C) Oppenheimer
D) none of the above

Question 75

The explosive force of the "Little Boy" atomic bomb equaled

A) 14,000 tons of TNT.
B) 80,000 tons of TNT.
C) 5,000 tons of TNT.
D) 14 tons of TNT.

Question 76

At the end of World War II,

A) Empires were created.
B) All empires were gone.
C) All empires except the Soviet Union were gone.
D) None of the above.

Question 77

Conflict between the United States and Soviet Union in the postwar environment seemed possible because

A) They had very different political and economic systems.
B) Their leaders espoused beliefs that were diametrically opposed.
C) A climate of mistrust existed between the two powers.
D) All of the above.

Question 78

Define the concept of state sovereignty, and explain its codification in the Peace of Westphalia.

Question 79

What were the major changes in world politics resulting from the French Revolution and Napoleonic Wars?

Question 80

Explain the main reasons for France's early successes and ultimate defeat in the Napoleonic Wars.