Deck 2: Grammar for Legal Writing

Question 1

Matching:
-Breakdown

A) to go into a building by force in order to steal; (ii) to gain etnry (e.g. into a market)
B) to stop because of failure; (ii) to reduce a thing to its essential elements
C) to divide (a company) into separate units; (ii) to split up
D) to change to an earlier date
E) to stop a discussion or negotations

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Matching:
-Break in

A) to go into a building by force in order to steal; (ii) to gain etnry (e.g. into a market)
B) to stop because of failure; (ii) to reduce a thing to its essential elements
C) to divide (a company) into separate units; (ii) to split up
D) to change to an earlier date
E) to stop a discussion or negotations

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Matching:
-Break off

A) to go into a building by force in order to steal; (ii) to gain etnry (e.g. into a market)
B) to stop because of failure; (ii) to reduce a thing to its essential elements
C) to divide (a company) into separate units; (ii) to split up
D) to change to an earlier date
E) to stop a discussion or negotations

Answer 3

E

Question 4

Matching:
-Break up

A) to go into a building by force in order to steal; (ii) to gain etnry (e.g. into a market)
B) to stop because of failure; (ii) to reduce a thing to its essential elements
C) to divide (a company) into separate units; (ii) to split up
D) to change to an earlier date
E) to stop a discussion or negotations

Question 5

Matching:
-Bring forward

A) to go into a building by force in order to steal; (ii) to gain etnry (e.g. into a market)
B) to stop because of failure; (ii) to reduce a thing to its essential elements
C) to divide (a company) into separate units; (ii) to split up
D) to change to an earlier date
E) to stop a discussion or negotations

Question 6

Matching:
-Enter into

A) to rob from a bank or vehicle using weapons, (ii) to stay at a high level; (iii) to delay
B) to ask someone to come to help; (ii) to demand repayment (of a loan)
C) to refer to something for the first time
D) to give to the next generation through inheritance
E) to conclude, execute (e.g. a contract)

Question 7

Matching:
-Bring up

A) to rob from a bank or vehicle using weapons, (ii) to stay at a high level; (iii) to delay
B) to ask someone to come to help; (ii) to demand repayment (of a loan)
C) to refer to something for the first time
D) to give to the next generation through inheritance
E) to conclude, execute (e.g. a contract)

Question 8

Matching:
-Call in

A) to rob from a bank or vehicle using weapons, (ii) to stay at a high level; (iii) to delay
B) to ask someone to come to help; (ii) to demand repayment (of a loan)
C) to refer to something for the first time
D) to give to the next generation through inheritance
E) to conclude, execute (e.g. a contract)

Question 9

Matching:
-Hand down

A) to rob from a bank or vehicle using weapons, (ii) to stay at a high level; (iii) to delay
B) to ask someone to come to help; (ii) to demand repayment (of a loan)
C) to refer to something for the first time
D) to give to the next generation through inheritance
E) to conclude, execute (e.g. a contract)

Question 10

Matching:
-Hold up

A) to rob from a bank or vehicle using weapons, (ii) to stay at a high level; (iii) to delay
B) to ask someone to come to help; (ii) to demand repayment (of a loan)
C) to refer to something for the first time
D) to give to the next generation through inheritance
E) to conclude, execute (e.g. a contract)

Question 11

Matching:
-Pass off

A) to invest
B) to trick, to deceive
C) to pay as a depoist; (ii) to criticse
D) to pretend something is not what it is; (ii) to cheat a customer
E) to start to do something in place of someone else (ii) to buy a company

Question 12

Matching:
-Put down

A) to invest
B) to trick, to deceive
C) to pay as a depoist; (ii) to criticse
D) to pretend something is not what it is; (ii) to cheat a customer
E) to start to do something in place of someone else (ii) to buy a company

Question 13

Matching:
-Put into

A) to invest
B) to trick, to deceive
C) to pay as a depoist; (ii) to criticse
D) to pretend something is not what it is; (ii) to cheat a customer
E) to start to do something in place of someone else (ii) to buy a company

Question 14

Matching:
-Take in

A) to invest
B) to trick, to deceive
C) to pay as a depoist; (ii) to criticse
D) to pretend something is not what it is; (ii) to cheat a customer
E) to start to do something in place of someone else (ii) to buy a company

Question 15

Matching:
-Take over

A) to invest
B) to trick, to deceive
C) to pay as a depoist; (ii) to criticse
D) to pretend something is not what it is; (ii) to cheat a customer
E) to start to do something in place of someone else (ii) to buy a company

Question 16

___ I to state that this clause is legally binding, you ___ no doubt think me mad.

Question 17

No one ___ have predicted that the parties ___ insist that this clause ___ included.

Question 18

If it ___ the case that this clause ___ included, ___ you object?

Question 19

It ___ be made clear to him that if we ___ to give permission, this ___ only be a one-off.

Question 20

If I ___ to suggest this course of action, it is unlikely that it ___ be accepted.

Question 21

The report recommends that he ___ (insert correct form of verb 'to face') an enquiry.

Question 22

We think it best that the machinery ___ (insert correct form of verb 'to be') tested by an expert.

Question 23

We ___ be happier ___ you to agree to reduce the price by 20%.

Question 24

In the event that we ___ to reduce the price, we ___ expect you to accept a penalty for late payment.

Question 25

The Subcontractor shall be entitled to a reasonable compensation for its costs in relation to such work.

Question 26

No informations regarding litigations involving the Company has been provided in the documents.

Question 27

According to the law, the employer must keep records of all remunerations paid to employees.

Question 28

This subsection briefly addresses the liabilities of the board members in the light of the legal due diligence.

Question 29

The lawyer attended several trainings sessions/seminars while working at the company's head office.

Question 30

Our staff is/are divided over the proposed management changes.

A) is
B) are

Question 31

Our staff consists/consist of skilled people from many different backgrounds.

A) consists
B) consist

Question 32

Her class was/were quite jealous of her because she always got the highest marks.

A) was
B) were

Question 33

That class believe/believes that tax cuts are a good thing.

A) believe
B) believes

Question 34

The committee have/has decided to approve the amended proposal.

A) have
B) has

Question 35

The committee is/are a useful institution

A) is
B) are

Question 36

The majority approve/approves of the proposed changes

A) approve
B) approves

Question 37

The support group helps/help its members whenever possible.

A) helps
B) help

Question 38

The group thank/thanks all those people who have helped it to succeed.

A) thank
B) thanks

Question 39

Matching:
-My client accepts that he is

A) closely linked to that of foreseeability.
B) legally enforceable.
C) defectively drafted, which led to a claim being made for damages.
D) solely responsible for the difficult financial circumstances in which he finds himself.
E) commonly held that the purpose of damages is to achieve restitution.

Question 40

Matching:
-This clause is not

A) closely linked to that of foreseeability.
B) legally enforceable.
C) defectively drafted, which led to a claim being made for damages.
D) solely responsible for the difficult financial circumstances in which he finds himself.
E) commonly held that the purpose of damages is to achieve restitution.

Question 41

Matching:
-The question of liability is

A) closely linked to that of foreseeability.
B) legally enforceable.
C) defectively drafted, which led to a claim being made for damages.
D) solely responsible for the difficult financial circumstances in which he finds himself.
E) commonly held that the purpose of damages is to achieve restitution.

Question 42

Matching:
-It is

A) closely linked to that of foreseeability.
B) legally enforceable.
C) defectively drafted, which led to a claim being made for damages.
D) solely responsible for the difficult financial circumstances in which he finds himself.
E) commonly held that the purpose of damages is to achieve restitution.

Question 43

Matching:
-The contract was

A) closely linked to that of foreseeability.
B) legally enforceable.
C) defectively drafted, which led to a claim being made for damages.
D) solely responsible for the difficult financial circumstances in which he finds himself.
E) commonly held that the purpose of damages is to achieve restitution.

Question 44

Matching:
-The clause was interpreted

A) successfully established the link between the defendant's action and the damage caused to the property.
B) validly assigned to the company.
C) restrictively meaning that the claimant was unable to rely on it.
D) misleadingly which led to a claim for passing off being made against it.
E) expeditiously.

Question 45

Matching:
-The judge ruled that the contract had not been

A) successfully established the link between the defendant's action and the damage caused to the property.
B) validly assigned to the company.
C) restrictively meaning that the claimant was unable to rely on it.
D) misleadingly which led to a claim for passing off being made against it.
E) expeditiously.

Question 46

Matching:
-We should be grateful if the documents were issued

A) successfully established the link between the defendant's action and the damage caused to the property.
B) validly assigned to the company.
C) restrictively meaning that the claimant was unable to rely on it.
D) misleadingly which led to a claim for passing off being made against it.
E) expeditiously.

Question 47

Matching:
-The company advertised its products

A) successfully established the link between the defendant's action and the damage caused to the property.
B) validly assigned to the company.
C) restrictively meaning that the claimant was unable to rely on it.
D) misleadingly which led to a claim for passing off being made against it.
E) expeditiously.

Question 48

Matching:
-The claimant

A) successfully established the link between the defendant's action and the damage caused to the property.
B) validly assigned to the company.
C) restrictively meaning that the claimant was unable to rely on it.
D) misleadingly which led to a claim for passing off being made against it.
E) expeditiously.

Question 49

Verb: remuneration; Noun: ___ Adjective: ___

Question 50

verb: ___; Noun: application; Adjective:___

Question 51

verb: contract; Noun: ___; Adjective:___

Question 52

verb: ___; Noun: notification; Adjective: ___

Question 53

Verb: investigate; Noun:___ ; Adjective:___

Question 54

Verb: ___; Noun: participation; Adjective:___

Question 55

Verb: finance; Noun:___ ; Adjective:

Question 56

Verb: ___; Noun:___ ; Adjective: employable

Question 57

Verb: ___; Noun: terminal/termination; Adjective:___

Question 58

Verb: discriminate; Noun:___ ; Adjective:___

Question 59

Matching:
-The company,

A) that company can be attributed to the Board's reckess expansion plans.
B) of which I spoke earlier.
C) which is based in Helsinki, has hit serious financial difficulties.
D) who consulted us regarding a personal matter unconnected with his corporate role.
E) what the consultants suggested was acceptable to the Board.

Question 60

Matching:
-Rosemary Grisedale is the Managing Director of the company

A) that company can be attributed to the Board's reckess expansion plans.
B) of which I spoke earlier.
C) which is based in Helsinki, has hit serious financial difficulties.
D) who consulted us regarding a personal matter unconnected with his corporate role.
E) what the consultants suggested was acceptable to the Board.

Question 61

Matching:
-Most of

A) that company can be attributed to the Board's reckess expansion plans.
B) of which I spoke earlier.
C) which is based in Helsinki, has hit serious financial difficulties.
D) who consulted us regarding a personal matter unconnected with his corporate role.
E) what the consultants suggested was acceptable to the Board.

Question 62

Matching:
-This file relates to the client

A) that company can be attributed to the Board's reckess expansion plans.
B) of which I spoke earlier.
C) which is based in Helsinki, has hit serious financial difficulties.
D) who consulted us regarding a personal matter unconnected with his corporate role.
E) what the consultants suggested was acceptable to the Board.

Question 63

Matching:
-A significant proportion of the difficulties experienced by

A) that company can be attributed to the Board's reckess expansion plans.
B) of which I spoke earlier.
C) which is based in Helsinki, has hit serious financial difficulties.
D) who consulted us regarding a personal matter unconnected with his corporate role.
E) what the consultants suggested was acceptable to the Board.

Question 64

Matching:
-Christopher Brooks is a highly professional accountant

A) which assets are to be included in the offer.
B) who is to be appointed as liquidator of the company.
C) of whom it is often said that what he doesn't know about corporate tax hasn't been dreamed up by the tax office yet.
D) which made an unsuccessful bid for Tri-Brands last year.

Question 65

Matching:
-This is the company

A) which assets are to be included in the offer.
B) who is to be appointed as liquidator of the company.
C) of whom it is often said that what he doesn't know about corporate tax hasn't been dreamed up by the tax office yet.
D) which made an unsuccessful bid for Tri-Brands last year.

Question 66

Matching:
-It is necessary to specify in detail

A) which assets are to be included in the offer.
B) who is to be appointed as liquidator of the company.
C) of whom it is often said that what he doesn't know about corporate tax hasn't been dreamed up by the tax office yet.
D) which made an unsuccessful bid for Tri-Brands last year.

Question 67

Matching:
-The only issue left to decide, I'm afraid, is that of

A) which assets are to be included in the offer.
B) who is to be appointed as liquidator of the company.
C) of whom it is often said that what he doesn't know about corporate tax hasn't been dreamed up by the tax office yet.
D) which made an unsuccessful bid for Tri-Brands last year.

Question 68

On 27 August 1997 Helsinki City Council decided to introduce tendering progressively for the entire urban bus network. By letter of 1 September 1997, the city's purchasing unit called ___ tenders for operating the network. According to the tender notice, ___ contract would be awarded to the undertaking whose tender was economically most advantageous overall to the city.

Question 69

On 12 February 1998 the commercial service committee chose HKL-Bussiliikenne, since it had obtained the greatest number of points overall. Another company, Concordia Bus Finland Oy Ab, which came second, appealed ___ the Kilpailuneuvosto (Competition Council), arguing in particular that it was unfair and discriminatory to award additional points for ___ bus fleet with nitrogen oxide emissions and noise level below certain limits.

Question 70

The Competition Council acknowledged that the contracting entity was entitled to define the type of bus fleet it wanted, and also found that all the competitors had ___ possibility of acquiring buses powered ___ natural gas. It therefore concluded that it had not been proved that that criterion discriminated against Concordia. Concordia appealed to the Korkein hallinto-oikeus (Supreme Administrative Court) to have the Competition Council's decision quashed.

Question 71

The most important ___ those questions was whether the Community legislation, correctly interpreted, allows a municipality which organises a tender procedure for the operation of an urban bus service to include operators' ecological and quality management ___ the comparison of tenders.

Question 72

On this point, the Court of Justice ruled that, where the contracting authority decides to award a contract to the tenderer whose tender is the most economically advantageous, it may take ecological criteria ___ consideration.

Question 73

Exclusive

A) im-
B) un-
C) non-
D) ir-
E) il-

Question 74

appropriate

A) in-
B) un-
C) non-
D) il-
E) im-

Question 75

necessary

A) in-
B) un-
C) non-
D) il-
E) im-

Question 76

lawful

A) im-
B) un-
C) non-
D) il-
E) im-

Question 77

respective

A) im-
B) il-
C) non-
D) ir-
E) un-

Question 78

contractual

A) im-
B) un-
C) non-
D) ir-
E) il-

Question 79

legal

A) im-
B) un-
C) non-
D) ir-
E) il-

Question 80

usual

A) im-
B) un-
C) non-
D) ir-
E) il-