Deck 28: World Order and Disorder: Global Politics in the Twentieth

Question 1

The crisis that erupted in 1962 over the stationing of missiles in Cuba ended when

A) the United States agreed to allow the Soviet Union to keep its missiles in Cuba, while it put missiles in Europe.
B) a stalemate occurred as the United States put missiles in Turkey.
C) the United States agreed to remove its missiles from Turkey, and the Soviet Union agreed to remove the missiles in Cuba.
D) a brief fight ended with victory by the United States as the Soviet Union conceded to a unilateral removal of the missiles.

Answer 1

the United States agreed to remove its missiles from Turkey, and the Soviet Union agreed to remove the missiles in Cuba.

Question 2

Following World War I,which of the following statements is true of Latin America?

A) Booming economies during the war collapsed, which led to dictatorships and "emergency" governments.
B) Mexico finally saw the revolution end with well-educated professionals taking over the government.
C) Falling demand in the United States and Europe for raw materials led to significant poverty and economic decline.
D) all of the above

Answer 2

all of the above

Question 3

The main goal of the Habsburg Empire in the First World War was

A) to expand its territory.
B) to preserve its overseas empires.
C) to contain its national minorities.
D) to force Britain to allow more freedom of the seas.

Answer 3

to contain its national minorities.

Question 4

Two concepts shared by far left and far right political ideologies concern

A) collectivization of property and communitarian values.
B) service to the state and the persecution of "enemies."
C) nationalism and private property.
D) militarism and anti-Semitism.

Question 5

When the war hero Kemal Ataturk came to power in 1923,he

A) established himself as caliph and sultan over the new Turkish nation.
B) attempted to found a new kingdom in the Middle East, but he was rebuffed by France and Britain.
C) founded Turkey as an Islamic republic, but one that was relatively moderate and pro-Western.
D) established Turkey as a secular republic that would grant universal male suffrage and women's rights within a little more than a decade.

Question 6

The first sub-Saharan state to gain independence was

A) Angola.
B) Equatorial Guinea.
C) Ghana.
D) Zimbabwe.

Question 7

China competed with the Soviet Union for the leading role within the world communist movement in all of the following ways EXCEPT by:

A) launching the Cultural Revolution.
B) intervening in Korea.
C) developing new doctrines within Marxism.
D) reforming its political system to make it more democratic.

Question 8

After the peace settlement that ended the First World War,the United States

A) participated for awhile in the League of Nations, but gradually stopped because it was weak and ineffectual.
B) turned to isolationism and declined to participate in the League of Nations.
C) became active in the League of Nations, especially with the rise of extremist politics.
D) wanted no part of the League of Nations because it had been an idea of the French government.

Question 9

Mao Zedong's successor in Communist China Deng Xiaoping began a series of reforms by urging his countrymen

A) to work for more open and democratic government.
B) to get rich.
C) to continue the policies of the Cultural Revolution.
D) to collectivize agriculture.

Question 10

The event that immediately preceded and helped to cause the flight of colonial powers from Africa was

A) the loss of Indochina by France.
B) the Suez Canal Crisis.
C) the violent rebellion that broke out in Algeria.
D) the granting of independence to India and Pakistan.

Question 11

One communist country that remained outside of the Soviet Warsaw Pact was

A) Czechoslovakia.
B) Hungary
C) Poland.
D) Yugoslavia.

Question 12

A key reason that many of the newly created states in Europe were dissatisfied with their status was that

A) many had large, resentful minorities within their borders.
B) most lacked access to the sea.
C) they were too small to be viable states.
D) the League of Nations did little to help them.

Question 13

All of the following resulted from the Nazi-Soviet pact in 1939 EXCEPT:

A) it showed Soviet support for Hitler's war plans in Europe.
B) it allowed Hitler to invade Poland.
C) it forced Czechoslovakia to give up the Sudetenland.
D) it neutralized Hitler's main foe.

Question 14

The leading nuclear researchers of the 1930s to 1940s were

A) American and British.
B) Russians.
C) German and French.
D) Japanese.

Question 15

A later revolutionary leader who worked as a waiter in Paris after the First World War was

A) Axl Rose.
B) Ho Chi Minh.
C) Leopold Sénghor.
D) Raúl Haya de la Torre.

Question 16

Before he became an advocate for Indian independence,after the First World War Mohandas K.Gandhi was first

A) a leader for civil rights in the United States.
B) an opponent of French imperialism in Indochina.
C) a man who fought in South Africa for the rights of Black Africans and others.
D) active against the European imperial powers in China and East Asia.

Question 17

Followers of a corporatist ideology believe that

A) private property is allowable, but business should be conducted for the greater benefit of the state.
B) state power should be minimal, and private industry should be allowed to function with a minimum of interference.
C) political power should be placed in the hands of corporations.
D) militarism and anti-Semitism are the primary ways that a society should be shaped.

Question 18

The Marshall Plan offered assistance

A) to create a military alliance against the Soviet Union.
B) for the recovery of Europe.
C) that helped split the countries in the Soviet bloc.
D) to create nuclear capabilities in Britain and France.

Question 19

A key aim of the Japanese attack against the United States in 1941 was to

A) occupy the West Coast of the United States.
B) support its German allies in Europe.
C) attack the United States before being attacked itself.
D) defend and control the oilfields in Southeast Asia.

Question 20

Aside from the collapse of the stock market and banking industry in the United States,the Great Depression was worsened in America by

A) an ecological disaster known as the Dust Bowl.
B) earthquakes on the West Coast.
C) the collapse of the oil industry.
D) the failure of the government to create new social programs.

Question 21

A post-colonial African leader who did not lead an independence movement was

A) Idi Amin.
B) Jomo Kenyatta.
C) Kwame Nkrumah.
D) Robert Mugabe.

Question 22

In the period following the Cold War,American leaders chose to

A) take a leading role in creating new world institutions.
B) only engage in military interventions with the blessing of the United Nations.
C) stay out of global entities like the International Criminal Court.
D) avoid the United Nations completely.

Question 23

One of the goals of the American entry into the First World War was to

A) gain territory.
B) weaken the European imperial system.
C) end its isolation and become a player on the world stage.
D) help Britain and France increase their colonial holdings.

Question 24

What were the major combatants' expectations of how the war would be fought in 1914? How closely did the war conform to their expectations? Why were they so wrong?

Question 25

What role did the ideologies that arose in the 1920s and 1930s play during the Second World War?

Question 26

What made these ideologies attractive to so many people in the 1930s? How did they address people's perceived conditions?

Question 27

An example of what political scientists call "soft power" is

A) cultural influence.
B) a military threat without actually doing anything.
C) political domination.
D) economic dominance of a particular market.

Question 28

In the aftermath of the First World War,what were the main ideologies that arose?

Question 29

The Cold War between the United States and the Soviet Union that broke out after the end of the Second World War was based on what key ideas and concerns?

Question 30

All of the following are fundamental points of contention and division within the European Union EXCEPT:

A) the creation of a common market.
B) expansion of membership.
C) the creation of a centralized pan-European state.
D) admitting Muslim countries like Turkey.

Question 31

Who were the main combatants of the First World War,and what were they fighting about?

Question 32

What effect did this conflict have on the rest of the world?

Question 33

A common policy of European decolonization was to

A) favor newly-anointed leaders who came from the native middle class.
B) appoint new leaders from the native militaries.
C) utilize the traditional ruling classes and aristocracies in choosing new leaders.
D) carefully prepare the new governments for independence over long periods of time.

Question 34

The first country to launch a successful spacecraft and to put a man in space was

A) Great Britain.
B) China.
C) the Soviet Union.
D) the United States.

Question 35

What were the immediate consequences of the First World War for Europe,for the United States,and for the rest of the world?

Question 36

The division of territory in former colonial possessions on the basis of religion happened in

A) Liberia and Sierra Leone.
B) India and Ireland.
C) Rwanda and Burundi.
D) Cyprus and Sri Lanka.

Question 37

The Helsinki Accords of 1975 pledged its signers to recognize

A) democracy as the best political ideology.
B) capitalism as the best economic system.
C) a respect for human rights.
D) the need for nuclear disarmament.

Question 38

Between 1974 and the end of the twentieth century,the number of new democracies (measured by the standard of having viable elections)that had been created was about

A) 35.
B) 50.
C) 75.
D) 100.

Question 39

Newly decolonized states in Africa faced serious difficulties because of all of the following factors EXCEPT:

A) growing populations.
B) historically hostile communities.
C) a lack of natural resources.
D) unworkable borders.

Question 40

What challenges that China faced at the end of twentieth century might eventually lead to democratization?

A) growing competition with the United States
B) the desire to become a leading power in East Asia
C) the effects of economic liberalization
D) pressure from human rights organizations

Question 41

What led the Europeans to rapidly abandon their colonial possessions?

Question 42

What new challenges faced regional orders like the European Union and rising powers like China at the turn of the century?

Question 43

Explain how the process of decolonization could deliver on the promise of autonomy and self-governance while simultaneously dismantling many of the structures that had provided stability during the colonial era.

Question 44

What are the respective strengths and weaknesses of the United States,the European Union,and China at the beginning of the twenty-first century?

Question 45

What effects did decolonization by the Europeans have on their former colonies?

Question 46

How did the dynamics of the Cold War complicate the decolonization process?
In Perspective

Question 47

In what ways did the experiences of 1914-1945 provide an essential foundation for the tensions and confrontations of the Cold War?

Question 48

What factors have contributed to the spread of democracy since 1974? What factors threaten the success of democracy in some places?

Question 49

How did the split between Communist China and the USSR complicate the Cold War and its effects?