Deck 9: Contending with Isolation: ca. 1000–1200

Question 1

The Christian king Alfred the Great of England

A) was tolerant of local religions.
B) immediately put to death all non-Christians among those he had conquered.
C) was initially tolerant of local religions, but his successors forced the conversion of the local populations.
D) imposed baptism on defeated pagans.

Answer 1

imposed baptism on defeated pagans.

Question 2

Mahayana Buddhism

A) held very closely to original Buddhist teaching.
B) held that enlightenment could only by achieved in incremental stages over many lifetimes.
C) held that a person could achieve enlightenment in only one lifetime.
D) is sometimes called "lesser vehicle" Buddhism.

Answer 2

held that a person could achieve enlightenment in only one lifetime.

Question 3

What was significant about the Nestorian Christians?

A) They spread Christianity among the Germanic peoples of Northern Europe.
B) They spread Christianity across Eurasia.
C) They eventually became known as Protestants.
D) They spread Christianity into Africa.

Answer 3

They spread Christianity across Eurasia.

Question 4

How were Nestorian Christians different from Orthodox Christians in the West?

A) They weren't different.
B) They believed that Jesus was only divine and not human at all.
C) They believed that Jesus was both divine and human at the same time.
D) They believed that Jesus was merely human and separate from the divinity.

Question 5

The Emperor Charlemagne spread Christianity among the Saxon peoples by

A) imposing taxes on those who did not convert.
B) discriminating against pagans economically.
C) his remarkable example of faith and peaceful persuasion.
D) giving pagans a choice of conversion or death.

Question 6

Jews and Christians living in the Islamic world

A) faced unceasing pressure to convert to Islam.
B) could continue in their beliefs as long as they paid a tax.
C) were persecuted and often killed unless they converted.
D) had to wear badges denoting their religions and could only live in specified places in the cities.

Question 7

What happened to the monastic movement in China during the 820s to 840s C.E.?

A) It expanded with the growing popularity of Buddhism.
B) It was central to the spread of imperial power throughout East Asia.
C) It became more influential in the Tang court.
D) The government closed thousands of monasteries.

Question 8

What was the event that led to the Roman Emperor Constantine's conversion to Christianity?

A) A vision appeared before a battle.
B) A bird omen appeared in the sky.
C) A vision appeared after a battle.
D) A priest explained the faith to him.

Question 9

With the adoption of Christianity by Constantine,the emperor

A) ceased to have himself worshipped as a god.
B) had his sons raised as Christians.
C) stopped using the images of pagan gods.
D) ended pagan rituals and ceremonies.

Question 10

The concept of jihad attracted and helped lead which group of people to Islam?

A) Berbers
B) Georgians
C) Bulgarians
D) Turks

Question 11

One of the primary ways that Buddhism spread into Eastern Asia was through

A) trade.
B) war.
C) news of its success.
D) the beauty of Buddhist art.

Question 12

In the Buddhist world,King Anuruddha displayed his piety by

A) never going to war.
B) enforcing Buddhism upon his conquered subjects in Sri Lanka.
C) waging war to gain possession of holy scriptures.
D) going to war against his neighbors to keep them from fighting one another.

Question 13

Which of the following religions dominated India and parts of Southeast Asia?

A) Buddhism
B) Christianity
C) Hinduism
D) Islam

Question 14

To qualify as a world religion,it must

A) be monotheistic.
B) be easy for potential adherents to understand.
C) focus on personal salvation.
D) have broad appeal across cultures.

Question 15

Manichaeanism did not

A) divide the universe into realms of good and evil.
B) become a state religion.
C) become influential in China.
D) begin from Zoroastrianism.

Question 16

Buddhism was first introduced into China by the Emperor Ming during the

A) first century B.C.E.
B) first century C.E.
C) second century C.E.
D) fourth century C.E.

Question 17

Of the foreign merchant communities in Guangzhou (Canton)in 879 C.E.,the largest was

A) Buddhist.
B) Christian.
C) Muslim.
D) Jewish.

Question 18

Which four most contributed to the spread of Islam,Buddhism,and Christianity?

A) elite sponsorship, war, missionaries, and trade
B) war, intermarriage, conversion, and elite sponsorship
C) missionaries, elite sponsorship, culture, and ethics
D) trade, culture, war, and conversion

Question 19

By the end of the eleventh century C.E.,Buddhism was

A) becoming less popular in India.
B) being used by more Indian rulers to justify their rule.
C) developing more monasteries throughout India.
D) adopting the traditions of blood sacrifice to its practice in India.

Question 20

In which area of the Christian world did believers hold that Christ was wholly divine and not human?

A) Armenia
B) Ethiopia
C) Rome
D) Constantinople

Question 21

What benefits to ruling elites did conversion to one of the world religions offer? What potential costs did conversion demand?

Question 22

In the Christian world,most young men who entered monasteries came from

A) poor families.
B) the peasantry.
C) the merchant classes.
D) wealthy families.

Question 23

What were the essential elements needed for a world religion to be successful?

Question 24

For what reason did no comparable monastic movement develop in Islam?

A) Asceticism was forbidden.
B) It just never happened.
C) Fasting and meditation is not practiced by Muslims.
D) There was no need for missionaries or clerics in Islam.

Question 25

In the Christian world,nunneries were

A) places that women only stayed in until marriage.
B) often powerful economic establishments.
C) organized very differently than monasteries.
D) not concerned with scholarship.

Question 26

What doctrinal or practical accommodations did Christianity,Islam,and Buddhism make with the exercise of violent force by its believers?

Question 27

How does monastic practice in Buddhism and Christianity compare? What is similar,and what is different?

Question 28

As a new religion became dominant,it was common for

A) it to wipe out all traces of the previous faith.
B) it to take over places that had been sacred in earlier religious practice.
C) only new places to be considered sacred.
D) the people to reject anything that made them change their ways.

Question 29

What role did war play in the spread of Buddhism,Islam,and Christianity?

Question 30

How did trade influence the spread of Islam,Buddhism,and Christianity across Eurasia?

Question 31

The earliest recorded monastic community in the Christian tradition began in

A) Italy.
B) Spain.
C) Egypt.
D) France.

Question 32

By what processes did the world religions spread before 1000 C.E.How did these processes reflect the varying needs of those who converted?

Question 33

Which of the following is NOT common to Buddhism,Christianity,and Islam?

A) They each insist on monotheism.
B) Their founders left no writings of their own.
C) They prohibit forcible conversion.
D) They prohibit killing.

Question 34

Monasticism was NOT a factor in the spread of

A) Christianity.
B) Buddhism.
C) Islam.
D) Daoism.

Question 35

How do Islam,Buddhism,and Christianity fit the definition of world religions?

Question 36

In what way is Buddhist monasticism different from Christian monasticism?

A) its focus on learning and copying scripture
B) its role in providing a clergy
C) its focus on prayer and worship
D) its inclusion of secular literature and learning

Question 37

In what ways did the sponsorship of ruling elites help bring about the spread of Buddhism in South and East Asia?

Question 38

How did the conversion of rulers assist the spread of Christianity in Eurasia and Africa?

Question 39

Why does monastic practice not exist in the Islamic faith? What has taken the place of a monastic movement in Islam?

Question 40

The holiest site in the Islamic faith,the Kaaba,was

A) built by Muhammad.
B) originally a pagan shrine.
C) built by the Caliph Umar.
D) a site of pilgrimage in Medina.

Question 41

What role did monasticism play in the spread of Christianity and Buddhism?

Question 42

How did the Christian church change or modify its practices in order to attract new followers?

Question 43

How did military conquest affect the spread of Buddhism and Christianity?

Question 44

What effect did accommodation to local cultures have on the overall unity of Christianity,Islam,and Buddhism?
In Perspective

Question 45

What role did trade play in spreading Christianity,Islam,and Buddhism?

Question 46

How did the triumph of Buddhism,Christianity,and Islam change the societies and cultures where they triumphed? How were they in turn changed and modified?

Question 47

How did the Muslim and Buddhist faiths change or modify their practices in order to attract new followers?

Question 48

Using specific examples,discuss and compare how Muslim and Christian rulers treated religious minorities in their territories around 1000 C.E.

Question 49

The world religions of Buddhism,Christianity,and Islam were maintained and spread by dedicated monks,nuns,and clerics.Discuss the importance of people who dedicated themselves to a life of religious study to the evolution of world religions.