Deck 31: Restorative Justice

Question 1

In the late 1990s the UK government attempted to summarise its approach to restorative justice using the so -called '3-Rs'.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

Restorative justice advocates claim that traditional, retributive criminal justice approaches are overly preoccupied with:

A)the victim's experiences
B)affixing blame
C)establishing guilt

Answer 2

affixing blame
establishing guilt

Question 3

How have restorative justice practices and values been introduced to the adult formal justice system in the last decade?

A)victims must attend court
B)reparation orders
C)action plan orders

Answer 3

reparation orders
action plan orders

Question 4

In which countries is restorative justice said to have been inspired by indigenous practices?

A)New Zealand
B)Australia
C)North America
D)United Kingdom

Question 5

What advantages of restorative justice did Christie identify for the victim?

A)they get to cross examine the offender in court
B)their losses must be considered
C)it may reduce victim anxiety

Question 6

What is the agreed upon definition of restorative justice?

Question 7

What are the three core elements of RJ according to Marshall's (1996) definition?

Question 8

According to Braithwaite, what is the difference between reintegrative shaming and disintegrative shaming?

Question 9

In which country did restorative conferencing emerge in recent times?

Question 10

What sort of positive effects might restorative justice have upon the offender?

A)They will see the effects of their actions on the victim
B)it will be difficult for them to neutralise the blame
C)they will not have to pay any penalty

Question 11

How have restorative justice practices influenced the treatment of young offenders in the past decade?

A)they have to carry out work to repair anything they have damaged
B)the introduction of the referral order
C)the involvement of school teachers in their punishment

Question 12

According to John Braithwaite restorative justice in practice primarily means repaying financial losses to victims.

Question 13

The first recognised victim-offender mediation programme was established in Canada in Kitchener, Ontario. It was established in the 1970s by the Mennonites - a Christian sect of Anabaptists (re-baptisers)

Question 14

In England and Wales Young offenders appearing before youth offender panels constituted by the Youth Justice and Criminal Evidence Act 1999are not usually accompanied by a legal representative.

Question 15

Restorative justice is not suitable for some offences such as cases of corporate crime

Question 16

Upon whom does restorative justice seek to place greater emphasis upon?

A)the state
B)the offender
C)the victim and the community

Question 17

When was Nils Christie's article arguing for a shift away from traditional criminal justice published?

A)1960s
B)1970s
C)1980s

Question 18

How is restorative justice generally presented?

A)As a soft option
B)as a severe punishment
C)an alternative to punitive and therapeutic approaches to crime

Question 19

How does restorative justice enable those around the offender to share elements of responsibility?

A)by showing the offender to be bound up in a complex web of relationships and influences
B)by allowing the offender to labelled as guilty
C)by affixing individual blame and guilt

Question 20

What is the case for using restorative justice processes for offences of domestic violence?