Deck 4: Remedying the Impact of Victimization

Question 1

Do you think the system's reasons for helping crime victims are altruistic or selfish? Why?

Answer 1

No Answer

Question 2

Why are system representatives interested in luring victims back into the criminal's justice system?

Answer 2

No Answer

Question 3

What is "offender restitution"?

Answer 3

No Answer

Question 4

What is a "civil restitution lien"?

Question 5

How widespread has the practice of offender restitution been?

Question 6

What is a "process evaluation," and what are some typical measures?

Question 7

What impact has restitution demonstrated in terms of process evaluations?

Question 8

What is an "outcome evaluation," and what are some typical measures?

Question 9

What impact has restitution demonstrated in terms of outcome evaluations?

Question 10

Why has restitution not worked very well or had the desired impact?

Question 11

What contributions does Table 4.1 in your textbook make to the understanding of restitution?

Question 12

What suggestions did the New Directions report make for improving the practice of restitution?

Question 13

Explain what the terms "tort," "defendant," and "plaintiff" mean.

Question 14

What are some advantages to civil litigation?

Question 15

What are some drawbacks to civil litigation?

Question 16

Explain what the "Son of Sam" provisions tried to accomplish.

Question 17

What defendant resources can come into play during civil litigation?

Question 18

How do third-party civil lawsuits help crime victims?

Question 19

What two points must victims demonstrate to be successful in a third-party civil lawsuit?

Question 20

Relying upon Box 4.5 of your textbook, explain the intent behind any three of the selected recommendations involving civil litigation.

Question 21

Is private insurance an effective remedy for crime victims? Why or why not?

Question 22

What is "victim compensation"? How it is different from offender restitution?

Question 23

Explain what the "Victims of Crime Act" has done for the practice of victim compensation.

Question 24

Discuss the two philosophical arguments for victim compensation.

Question 25

Are all crimes compensable acts?

Question 26

What is a "Good Samaritan"?

Question 27

How does the idea of "unjust enrichment" affect compensation?

Question 28

What is a "financial means test"?

Question 29

What does it mean to say that compensation is a "source of last resort"?

Question 30

What do compensation awards include, and what do they exclude?

Question 31

Do states generally compensate sexual battery victims for the costs associated with forensic medical examinations?

Question 32

From where do victim compensation programs get their funding?

Question 33

How do compensation programs force victims to cooperate with the criminal's justice system?

Question 34

What is a "macro-level effect"?

Question 35

What macro-level effects, if any, does victim compensation promote?

Question 36

What is a "micro-level effect"?

Question 37

What micro-level effects, if any, does victim compensation promote?

Question 38

What are some problems or concerns with victim compensation that interfere with the achievement of any macro-level or micro-level effects?

Question 39

Do you think the system's reasons for helping crime victims are altruistic or selfish? Why?

Question 40

Why are system representatives interested in luring victims back into the criminal's justice system?

Question 41

Whom are victim-witness projects intended to help, and why?

Question 42

What suggestions did the 1982 President's Task Force have for system representatives when dealing with victims and witness?

Question 43

Did the criminal's justice system faithfully implement the President's Task Force recommendations?

Question 44

Using Box 4.6 of your textbook, what kinds of services do prosecutors typically provide through victim-witness projects?

Question 45

What does the phrase "the prosecutory assembly line" convey?

Question 46

What two assumptions have guided prosecutorial-based victim-witness programs?

Question 47

How does the SAVIN program fit into this discussion?

Question 48

Explore the recommendations contained in Box 4.8 of your textbook regarding how law enforcement representatives should handle crime victims.

Question 49

Explore the recommendations contained in Box 4.9 of your textbook regarding how the judiciary should handle crime victims.

Question 50

Explore the recommendations contained in Box 4.10 of your textbook regarding how corrections representatives should handle crime victims.

Question 51

What is "vicarious trauma" or "compassion fatigue"?

Question 52

What are "victim advocates," and what do they do?

Question 53

On what basis do critics assail victim-witness management programs?

Question 54

Which of the following terms does NOT belong on this list?

A) insurance
B) fifth-party litigation
C) restitution
D) compensation
E) civil litigation

Question 55

A plan that requires offenders to reimburse their victims for expenses resulting from the crime is called what?

A) victim compensation
B) aftermath assistance
C) restitution
D) retribution
E) resolution

Question 56

Which of the following is NOT a type of restitution?

A) monetary-victim restitution
B) monetary-community restitution
C) service-victim restitution
D) service-community restitution
E) redemptive-state restitution

Question 57

During sentencing, the judge rules that any property the convicted defendant currently owns or may come to own in the future shall be used to reimburse the victim for $5,000 in medical expenses. Which of the following terms best describes this situation?

A) plea bargain
B) sentencing enhancement
C) sentencing modification
D) civil restitution lien
E) alternative sentencing arrangement

Question 58

Which of the following would be an "outcome evaluation" measure for a restitution program?

A) the amount of money paid to victims
B) the number of offenders participating in a restitution program
C) how long it took offenders to complete their restitution orders
D) the completion rate for restitution orders
E) all of the above items are outcome evaluations

Question 59

Which of the following is NOT a stumbling block or problem when it comes to restitution?

A) Only about 20% of the Index Crimes are cleared by an arrest.
B) Many victims do not request restitution.
C) Many offenders lack jobs or the economic means to pay restitution.
D) Calculating the victim's loss and the appropriate level of restitution can be difficult to determine.
E) All of the above are stumbling blocks.

Question 60

Which of the following is NOT a measure for a "process evaluation" of restitution programs?

A) offender recidivism
B) completion rate for restitution orders
C) number of offenders handled
D) amount of time taken to make restitution payments
E) all of the above are process measures

Question 61

A victim must demonstrate which of the following in order to win a third-party civil suit?

A) The police have arrested the suspect.
B) The suspect was convicted in criminal court.
C) The suspect was not convicted in criminal court.
D) The crime was a foreseeable event.
E) The third party took appropriate steps to curtail criminal activity.

Question 62

A domestic violence victim who lives with her offender may not be entitled to compensation due to the concern of unjust enrichment.

Question 63

Third-party civil lawsuits are NOT directed at which of the following parties?

A) property owners
B) government agency
C) a business or corporation
D) a suspect in custody
E) all of the above parties can be named in such suits

Question 64

A plan that requires the state to reimburse victims for expenses resulting from the crime is called what?

A) victim compensation
B) aftermath assistance
C) restitution
D) retribution
E) resolution

Question 65

Which of the following is a rationale for victim compensation?

A) individual incapacitation
B) collective incapacitation
C) social contract argument
D) rehabilitation
E) "Son of Sam" provisions

Question 66

Which of the following categories may NOT be paid under most state compensation laws?

A) medical costs
B) automobile repairs from a traffic accident with an uninsured motorist
C) lost wages
D) funeral expenses
E) all of the above are payable

Question 67

Despite physical injury, which of the following would NOT be compensable under most state victim compensation statutes?

A) any attempt to prevent a crime
B) aiding a crime victim
C) apprehending a derivative victim
D) assisting a law enforcement officer
E) all of the above are compensable acts

Question 68

Which of the following statements best describes the social welfare argument for victim compensation?

A) The state should aid innocent victims who are in need of assistance.
B) The state has not done its job when an individual is victimized.
C) Victims of all socioeconomic status should receive state aid.
D) "Good Samaritans" should be paid for any injuries they sustain when rendering aid.
E) Defendants found not guilty should be reimbursed for any financial losses incurred due to jail or court time.

Question 69

What effect does victim compensation have on citizen crime reporting?

A) Violent crime reporting increases, while property crime reporting stays the same.
B) Both violent and property crime reporting increase.
C) Violent crime reporting stays the same for a while but then skyrockets.
D) Violent crime reporting increases initially and then tapers off.
E) Violent crime reporting stays the sam

Question 70

Suppose a tenant has notified the landlord that the lock on the front door to the rental property is not working properly and that the tenant is unable to secure the premises. For some unknown reason, the landlord fails to replace or repair the lock and the victim suffers a burglary. During the course of the burglary, the offender takes the tenant's furniture, clothes, computer system, stereo system, television, and vehicle. The offender eludes police apprehension efforts. Which of the following recourses is available to the victim?

A) compensation
B) restitution
C) small claims court for a landlord-tenant dispute
D) third-party civil lawsuit
E) mechanic's lien

Question 71

Which of the following statements about victim compensation is false?

A) "Contributory conduct" means the incident cannot be victim-precipitated.
B) A "Good Samaritan" who becomes injured during the event will be eligible for victim compensation.
C) The crime must be reported to the authorities within a reasonable period of time, usually 72 hours.
D) Crime compensation is a "source of last resort."
E) Property taxes and a portion of the sales tax receipts finance most state crime compensation trust funds.

Question 72

Which of the following assumptions have guided efforts to provide victim-witness services?

A) They further police-community relations.
B) Witnesses have a civic duty to cooperate with the authorities.
C) A rapid police response time increases the chances of a successful suspect apprehension at the crime scene.
D) Witness cooperation is essential to suspect rehabilitation.
E) Witness cooperation is essential to successful convictions.

Question 73

According to your textbook, victim-witness programs:

A) reach out to all victims
B) were designed to save the criminal's justice system
C) were the result of an appeal's court ruling
D) help maximize double-victimization
E) were abolished due to lack of funding

Question 74

Critics of victim-witness assistance programs have voiced a number of objections concerning how these programs operate. Which of the following is NOT one of those objections?

A) Victim-witness projects are designed to appease or manipulate clients.
B) Victim-witness projects do not reach out to all crime victims.
C) Victim-witness projects reflect more administrative than client concerns.
D) Victim/witness projects are designed to assist the prosecutor.
E) Victim/witness projects threaten the impartiality of judges.

Question 75

Which of the following parties is most likely to become a derivative victim?

A) bailiff
B) witness to a crime
C) juror
D) judge
E) victim advocate

Question 76

Which of the following parties is most likely to experience compassion fatigue?

A) bailiff
B) witness to a crime
C) juror
D) judge
E) victim advocate

Question 77

Restitution was clearly outlined in the Code of Hammurabi.

Question 78

A tort action occurs when an offender hosts a bake sale to raise restitution funds.

Question 79

In a civil lawsuit, the offender is the plaintiff.

Question 80

"Son of Sam" provisions make it easier for victims to bring civil suits to collect any profits made by offenders as a result of their criminal activity.