Deck 3: Ethical Reasoning About Human Communication

Question 1

Ethical reasoning is a problem-solving process to identify the most ethically fitting response to a situation.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

Ethical reasoning and moral intuition are essentially the same.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

There are five steps in ethical reasoning, beginning with recognizing an ethical issue.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

Ethical dilemmas and ethical tragedies are the most difficult ethical issues, where there is no ethically perfect or pure response.

Question 5

The challenge of an ethical problem is finding the courage to do what is ethically right.

Question 6

Stakeholders are persons, groups, organizations, or communities whose interests are affected by the short or long-term consequences of a decision.

Question 7

All stakeholders have identical interests.

Question 8

Routines and habits can make it difficult to recognize that an ethical issue exists.

Question 9

Getting the facts of a situation is the second stage of ethical reasoning.

Question 10

Everyday routines and communication patterns make it easier to identify stakeholders.

Question 11

Rhetorical listening recognizes that the ways communication messages recognize stakeholders, may also hide or obscure the existence of other stakeholders.

Question 12

Obscured or hidden stakeholders are relationally connected to recognized stakeholders in the facts of a situation, but are not recognized in the initial messages about the facts of a situation.

Question 13

Recognizing unseen stakeholders triggers moral emotions, which may cause us to rethink an ethical issue.

Question 14

Either/Or thinking encourages us to think about many ethical alternatives.

Question 15

Either/Or thinking limits ethical deliberation to polar opposites.

Question 16

A well-developed moral imagination encourages creativity in thinking about ethical alternatives.

Question 17

Rationalizations provide good reasons for decisions.

Question 18

Rationalizations are arguments that solely use self-interest or poorly examined social convention

Question 19

Ethical justifications are arguments presented to others in support of a decision that are open to discussion and critical examination.

Question 20

The Golden Rule is practiced just in western cultures.

Question 21

The Golden Rule encourages using our moral imaginations to consider the consequences of our actions from another's point of view.

Question 22

People who use the Platinum Rule, consider the Golden Rule egocentric.

Question 23

The Platinum Rule asks that we do to others what they want done to themselves.

Question 24

The everyday practice of generalizability promotes consistency in your deliberations.

Question 25

The everyday practice of generalizability encourages a decision maker to focus on what is unique in a situation.

Question 26

Bok's tests of publicity are based on the idea that the reasoning for our actions should be discussed and examined.

Question 27

The most difficult test of publicity is asking people whose viewpoints or experiences are different from your own to examine the reasons for your decision.

Question 28

Ethical Theories help us recognize unseen ethical issues.

Question 29

Ethical theories can help us recognize rationalizations in our reasoning.

Question 30

Ethical reasoning is important in situations where the right thing to do is clear.

Question 31

Ethical reasoning helps us decision what to say or how to say it, when the facts of the situation are unclear or there is disagreement about what is the right thing to do.

Question 32

The goal of making a decision that is ethically pure, that cannot be questioned, can produce negative consequences.

Question 33

A decision maker who is certain that her decision is ethically correct often is not open to listening to how her decision could cause harm.

Question 34

Judging the ethicality of a communication act involves identifying how a communication act addresses the different ethical qualities or dimensions of a situation.

Question 35

Ethicality involves either/or thinking.

Question 36

The fifth step of ethical reasoning, reflecting on a decision, encourages thinking about short and long-term consequences of a decision.

Question 37

Ethical decision points of communication are recurring questions of how to practice communication ethics.

Question 38

The first decision point of communication asks whether you should speak.

Question 39

The first decision point of communication asks whether you should engage in the communication process.

Question 40

Listening and turn taking are possible ethical communication responses besides speaking.

Question 41

Thinking about decision point two-"If I speak, what should I say?"-involves identifying what you do not know and understand about an ethical issue.

Question 42

Decision point three-"When I communication, how should I communicate?--involves judgment about what is ethically responsive to people, facts, and circumstances of a situation.

Question 43

Communicating your ethical reasoning to others is a practice of communication ethics.

Question 44

It makes little difference if you communicate you ethical reasoning to others.

Question 45

Communicating ethical reasoning to others assumes that reasonable people can disagree.

Question 46

Ethical reasoning and moral intuition

A) have no relationship to each other in practicing ethics.
B) are different ways to make ethical judgments.
C) can be taught.
D) All of the above
E) None of the above

Question 47

Which of the following is not a step in ethical reasoning?

A) Recognizing an ethical issue
B) Getting the facts of a situation
C) Relying on gut feelings
D) Brainstorming alternatives
E) Evaluating alternatives

Question 48

Finding the courage to do what is ethically right or good characterizes which ethical issue?

A) Ethical problem
B) Ethical dilemma
C) Ethical tragedy
D) All of the above
E) None of the above

Question 49

What makes ethical dilemmas and tragedies difficult is that

A) facts are difficult to discover.
B) there are so many stakeholders.
C) there are no ethically perfect or pure responses that do not have some negative consequence for someone.
D) decision making takes so long

Question 50

The most basic legitimate interest of a stakeholder is to

A) personally benefit from a situation.
B) survive and thrive.
C) have relationships.
D) make decisions.

Question 51

Ethical issues are easier to recognize when

A) routines breakdown.
B) habits do not work well.
C) accidents occur.
D) All of the above
E) None of the above

Question 52

A technique for recognizing the existence of obscured or hidden stakeholders is _____.

A) brainstorming
B) critical evaluation
C) rhetorical listening
D) reversibility

Question 53

Recognizing an unseen stakeholder can trigger moral emotions that make cause _____.

A) quicker decision making
B) binary thinking
C) rationalizations
D) rethinking an ethical issue

Question 54

Either/or thinking has which of the following influences on ethical deliberation?

A) Encourages thinking about ethical alternatives.
B) Limits deliberation to polar opposites.
C) Discourages moral imagination and thinking about ethical alternatives.
D) Both a & b
E) Both b & c

Question 55

Which of the following characterize rationalizations?

A) Good reasons based upon ethical values and principles
B) Reasons solely based upon self-interest.
C) Reasons based upon poorly examined social conventions.
D) Both a & c
E) Both b & c

Question 56

Openness to discussion and critical examination characterize which of the following?

A) Ethical justifications
B) Rationalizations
C) Moral emotions
D) Moral intuition

Question 57

Which of the following is not a principle used in the everyday practice of ethics?

A) Golden Rule
B) Reversibility
C) Platinum Rule
D) Rationalization

Question 58

Bok's three tests of publicity are the decision maker's own conscience, friends and colleague, and______.

A) people from all viewpoints
B) experts in the field
C) the law
D) moral intuition

Question 59

Using ethical theories in ethical reasoning can help decision makers

A) recognize unseen ethical issues.
B) make quicker decisions by relying on theory.
C) recognize rationalizations in our reasoning.
D) Both a & b
E) Both a & c

Question 60

Certainty in ethical decision making is often associated with _____.

A) not being open to listening about how a decision could cause harm
B) curiosity
C) rationalization
D) moral emotions

Question 61

Ethical reasoning is most helpful when _____

A) the right thing to do is clear.
B) the law does not apply.
C) there is disagreement about what is the right thing to do.
D) the facts of a situation are clear.

Question 62

The concept of ethicality encourages us to think about_____.

A) how to apply ethical values.
B) rationalizations in our reasoning
C) the different ethical dimensions or qualities of a situation
D) either/or thinking

Question 63

Reflecting on a decision encourages thinking about _____

A) short and long-term consequences of a decision
B) ethical theory
C) rationalizations
D) moral emotions

Question 64

Decision point one of the ethical decision points of human communication asks if a communicator will _____.

A) speak.
B) participate in the communication process
C) listen or take a turn
D) Both a & b
E) Both b & c

Question 65

Like communication competence, practicing communication ethics involves _____.

A) applying rules consistently
B) innate skills and abilities
C) judgment about what is fitting or right to communicate in a situation
D) social acceptance

Question 66

Explaining your ethical decisions to others is a practice of communication ethics that ____.

A) communicates that others are important and relationally connected to you.
B) assumes reasonable people can disagree.
C) helps us recognize areas of ethical agreement and disagreement.
D) All of the above
E) None of the above.