Deck 12: Life at Home: Families and Relationships

Question 1

What feature of the nuclear family,as opposed to the extended family,makes it uniquely qualified to serve the needs of an industrial economy?

A) It has more emotional resources to draw on in times of trouble.
B) It makes geographic mobility much easier.
C) It is capable of retaining more knowledge about child rearing and household labor.
D) It functions better as a unit of economic production.

Answer 1

B

Question 2

In what would a symbolic interactionist studying the family be most interested?

A) the inequalities associated with men's negligible role in raising and caring for infants
B) the diminished role the family plays in teaching children important skills
C) the way gift giving within an extended family makes some bonds more important than others
D) the way increasing divorce rates are making it harder for families to function and to socialize children

Answer 2

C

Question 3

How did the Industrial Revolution change the common meaning of family?

A) It stopped mattering whether children were present.
B) family no longer exclusively referred to people who shared a household.
C) It shifted the meaning from nuclear family to extended family.
D) It shifted the meaning from extended family to nuclear family.

Answer 3

D

Question 4

In Japan,some are worried about the effect that the rise in one-child families is having on the foundation of Japanese society.On what sort of theoretical perspective on the family is this concern based?

A) structural functionalist
B) symbolic interactionist
C) life course theory
D) historical materialist

Question 5

Today when the average American thinks of his or her family,who is he or she most likely to have in mind?

A) his or her uncle
B) his or her brother
C) his or her aunt
D) his or her cousin

Question 6

What do sociologists call the tendency to marry someone of a similar background?

A) heterogamy
B) in-group orientation
C) endogamy
D) exogamy

Question 7

How does the U.S.Census Bureau define "family"?

A) people who are emotionally and/or materially interdependent
B) people who share a household
C) parents living with minor children
D) two or more individuals related by blood, marriage, or adoption who share a household

Question 8

Why do the authors of your textbook reject definitions of family that depend on particular types of people (like parents)and specific types of ties (like marriage)?

A) They believe that the nuclear family remains the most important prototype for a family.
B) They want the definition to be broad enough to encompass a variety of living arrangements.
C) They believe that, in the future, more and more families will consist of two sets of parents with children.
D) They argue that it is important to limit the definition of families so that families can be discussed with clarity.

Question 9

According to conflict theory,how does the nuclear family facilitate exploitation?

A) through the use of nannies and domestic workers
B) by making geographic mobility possible
C) through a sexual division of labor within the home
D) by exploiting the working class, whose products it consumes

Question 10

In what way is the family responsible for the reproduction of society?

A) It produces and socializes children.
B) It is the fundamental planning mechanism for society.
C) It is the most important unit of consumption.
D) It is the basic unit of the household, the smallest building block of a society.

Question 11

family friends who are referred to as "Aunt" or "Uncle" are examples of:

A) the full House effect.
B) homogamy.
C) fictive kin.
D) extended families.

Question 12

A heterosexual couple living in the same household and raising children is defined as a(n)________ family.

A) nontraditional
B) nuclear
C) extended
D) broken

Question 13

How would a sociologist define "family"?

A) two or more individuals related by blood, marriage, or adoption who share a household
B) an interdependent social group bound by legal, biological, or emotional ties
C) a group of related people who share a household
D) almost any social group so long as members share responsibilities for raising children

Question 14

Which theoretical perspective would lead you to consider the broader social effects of the division of labor between men and women in the household?

A) symbolic interactionism
B) queer theory
C) conflict theory
D) structural functionalism

Question 15

Given the history of the family,what sort of changes do you think would be most likely to make the extended family more relevant again?

A) changes in America's travel and transportation services
B) changes in the economy that make people less likely to move away from their hometowns to get a job
C) changes in divorce laws that make it harder for couples to separate
D) changes in religion that cause adults to reevaluate how they relate to their parents

Question 16

Which of the following seems to make people in general more likely to define a group as a family?

A) the size of the group in question
B) the presence of children
C) the ages of group members
D) the socioeconomic class of the people involved

Question 17

When an individual describes someone who is related to him or her biologically as "not really kin," what is he or she saying?

A) The relative has not exercised his or her rights or fulfilled his or her obligations as a family member.
B) The relative is part of the extended, rather than the nuclear, family.
C) The relative does not belong to the relevant voluntary associations.
D) The relative has died.

Question 18

According to the symbolic interactionists Jay Gubrium and Jim Holstein,what form does the family take in contemporary society?

A) "The family" does not exist; rather, family is a fluid, adaptable set of concepts and practices.
B) The family is the unit that raises children.
C) The family is based on legal and economic structures.
D) The family is the institution for the socialization of children.

Question 19

Who is more likely to define unrelated roommates as a family?

A) women
B) men
C) senior citizens
D) racial and ethnic minorities

Question 20

What do sociologists call the tendency to marry someone from a different background?

A) exogamy
B) endogamy
C) homogamy
D) out-group orientation

Question 21

Jennifer Mitchell,an adoption social worker,uses a rigorous screening process for potential adoptive parents.She frequently asks:

A) if prospective parents enjoy outdoor recreation.
B) if prospective parents engage in a healthy eating routine.
C) prospective parents about their hopes for the future.
D) prospective parents about their sexual preferences.

Question 22

JDate,a dating website for Jewish people,is sometimes used by non-Jews who are very interested in dating Jews.These non-Jews are practicing:

A) monogamy.
B) exogamy.
C) homogamy.
D) polyandry.

Question 23

When was the last anti-miscegenation law struck down in the United States?

A) 1865
B) 1895
C) 1917
D) 1967

Question 24

Before World War II,the United States had no interstate highway system,and traveling to different parts of the country was difficult.This means that ________ must have been even more important in determining mate selection.

A) exogamy
B) economic considerations
C) schools
D) propinquity

Question 25

In the United States today,very few people marry outside of their own socioeconomic class,suggesting that there is a high degree of:

A) endogamy.
B) exogamy.
C) polyandry.
D) polygamy.

Question 26

The increasing number of Americans who move out of state to attend college will decrease the importance of ________,assuming that students start new romantic relationships in school.

A) homogamy
B) monogamy
C) exogamy
D) propinquity

Question 27

How could new technologies like the Internet decrease the importance of propinquity in mate selection,while preserving or even increasing the importance of homogamy?

A) by bringing people together from all over the world based on very similar interests or backgrounds
B) by making it obvious to most people that their best chance for marital satisfaction may be with a type of person they have never met before
C) by masking some of the characteristics of potential mates until the two people have met
D) by allowing social networking sites to connect individuals to more and more residents of their hometowns

Question 28

According to the text,what are the major factors involved in forming relationships and selecting mates?

A) personal chemistry
B) the unique individual characteristics of the individuals involved
C) the tendency to choose mates who are similar in class, race, ethnicity, and age
D) the desire to find a mate who is exotic and comes from a radically different background
E) the tendency to look for a mate far from home

Question 29

If a music critic used the term "miscegenation" metaphorically,what would he or she call "musical miscegenation"?

A) the way white country music and black blues music come together to make rock and roll
B) the way pop stars become disconnected from their roots
C) the way the press treats pop superstars and the effect this has on contemporary music
D) the role the piano has played in twentieth-century jazz

Question 30

Unmarried adults who are romantically involved and live together under the same roof are participating in:

A) cohabitation.
B) sinful behavior.
C) premarital bliss.
D) the honeymoon phase.

Question 31

The farm is a living arrangement located in the state of Tennessee where residents share all of their resources,such as living space and income.This is called:

A) cohabitation.
B) an intentional community.
C) a blended family.
D) an extended family.

Question 32

What did the research subjects of Glaser,Dixit,and Green's 2002 study of white supremacist online chatrooms find most threatening?

A) interracial marriage
B) residential desegregation
C) competition for jobs from racial and ethnic minorities
D) African American and Hispanic politicians

Question 33

According to the text,________ is one of several reasons people live their lives unmarried.

A) the bohemian lifestyle
B) an inability to find a mate
C) the single lifestyle
D) fear of infidelity

Question 34

Propinquity refers to:

A) a fixed set of beliefs.
B) the tendency to seek people with similar backgrounds.
C) the desire for the exotic and the foreign.
D) geographic proximity.

Question 35

JDate is a website that helps Jewish men and women,especially those who are not practicing Jews or who live in areas where there are not many other Jews,form romantic relationships.What do Jewish people who use this website care about?

A) religious purity
B) homogamy
C) propinquity
D) polyandry

Question 36

A woman in North Carolina was found guilty of "lewd and lascivious association" because she lived with her boyfriend.Her behavior is also known as:

A) cohabitation.
B) noncustodial parenting.
C) symbolic interactionism.
D) intentional community.

Question 37

What sort of laws prohibited the mixing of racial groups through marriage,cohabitation,or sexual contact?

A) reconstruction
B) common
C) anti-miscegenation
D) Jim Crow

Question 38

Until recently,South Korea had laws in place banning marriage between people who belonged to the same clan.This means that they practiced:

A) polyandry.
B) exogamy.
C) endogamy.
D) plural families.

Question 39

Between 1960 and 2014,demographers noticed what type of change in the numbers of unwed individuals living with their romantic partners?

A) a very slight increase
B) a sharp increase
C) a sharp decrease
D) no change

Question 40

American ideology focuses on the importance of marriage and family values and assumes that the family is at the center of almost everyone's life.How does this compare to the way people really live?

A) Marriage remains central to people's lives, but family values are less important than in the past.
B) family values remain very important, but many more people are choosing not to get married than did so in the past.
C) Both marriage and the family are central to the lives of the majority of Americans in much the same way they were in the distant past.
D) Increasingly, both marriage and the family are less central to the lives of average Americans.

Question 41

Under what circumstances is a father more likely than a mother to be awarded custody of his minor children following a divorce?

A) when he lives in a rural area
B) when he lives in a politically conservative area
C) when the children are younger than twelve
D) when he makes substantially more money than his ex-wife

Question 42

Groups that form communal living arrangements like communes,monasteries,ashrams,and housing cooperatives are called:

A) extended families.
B) endogamy.
C) intentional communities.
D) postmodern families.

Question 43

What kind of task is calling a family member to wish him a happy birthday?

A) a family task
B) an expressive task
C) an operative task
D) an instrumental task

Question 44

Why are remarriage rates lower today than they were in the 1960s?

A) Divorced people tend to have a series of short relationships instead of getting remarried.
B) There has been an increase in cohabitation among unmarried couples.
C) Divorce rates have dropped slightly.
D) People tend to divorce at later ages, so they are less likely to remarry.

Question 45

Jill has become nervous that her marriage may end in divorce,since she grew up with divorced parents.One fact that might reassure her is that the rate of ________ has decreased.

A) custody battles
B) intergenerational divorce
C) stable marriages
D) child visitation

Question 46

Some women accept the burdens of the "second shift" in order to avoid conflict with their husbands or children.How does this affect them?

A) It increases their confidence and self-esteem.
B) It increases their efficiency.
C) It makes them unhappy and emotionally numb.
D) It improves their self-reported level of marital satisfaction.

Question 47

Who is more likely to return home after a full day of paid labor and then have to put in a "second shift" at home taking care of domestic work?

A) women
B) men
C) young people
D) older people

Question 48

Although Geoffrey Greif points out that "more fathers are rearing children alone following separation and divorce than ever before," which of the following remains true about single fathers?

A) Single fathers are still only about 15 percent of all single parents.
B) Many states have laws against giving sole custody to fathers following a divorce.
C) Most of these fathers move back in with their parents so that their children live with grandparents.
D) Soon there will be more single fathers than single mothers.

Question 49

How has the percentage of marriages that end in divorce changed since 1950?

A) It has doubled.
B) It has declined slightly.
C) It has increased slightly.
D) It has increased more than 500 percent.

Question 50

How are children of divorced parents today different from children of divorced parents in the 1970s?

A) Children of divorced parents today are more likely to get divorced themselves than were children whose parents divorced in the 1970s.
B) Children of divorced parents today are more likely to be divorced multiple times than were children whose parents divorced in the 1970s.
C) Children of divorced parents today are more likely to get married than were children whose parents divorced in the 1970s.
D) Children of divorced parents today are considerably less likely to divorce than were children whose parents divorced in the 1970s.

Question 51

According to Kathryn Edin and Maria Kefalas,which of the following is a reason young women of low socioeconomic status have children?

A) They want to gain access to welfare benefits.
B) They do not have access to adequate birth control.
C) They are poorly educated.
D) A baby is a symbol of belonging, and motherhood can lead to respect from one's community.

Question 52

Arlie Hochschild's study of two-income families found that women were much more likely than men to do the majority of the unpaid labor inside the home even after a full day's work outside the home.What term do sociologists use to describe this extra labor?

A) women's work
B) the female burden
C) the double standard
D) the second shift

Question 53

Which of the following is a strategy that women have used to balance the demands of work and home?

A) hiring other women to do domestic work
B) increasing the chores that their husbands complete
C) doing more of certain chores
D) demanding the abolition of housework

Question 54

Brook farm,founded in the nineteenth century by Unitarians and transcendentalists,consisted of a group of people who lived and worked together for the greater good of the community.What was Brook farm?

A) a blended family
B) a communist state
C) a nuclear family
D) an intentional community

Question 55

The physical and legal responsibility for the everyday life and routines of children is called:

A) custody.
B) good parenting.
C) visitation.
D) child support.

Question 56

How is custody of minor children usually handled in divorce cases?

A) fathers are now slightly more likely than mothers to receive custody.
B) Mothers always receive custody.
C) Mothers receive custody in a disproportionate number of cases.
D) Mothers and fathers are about equally likely to receive custody.

Question 57

Tasks designed to achieve a tangible goal like washing the dishes or taking out the trash are called:

A) instrumental tasks.
B) expressive tasks.
C) female tasks.
D) the second shift.

Question 58

Reading children bedtime stories is an important task in many families.What part of reading the bedtime story is an instrumental task?

A) making bedtime fun and keeping everyone happy
B) staying entertained as a parent by reading the children books you like
C) getting children into pajamas, tucked into bed, and then to sleep
D) sharing a moment with a child and developing shared interests

Question 59

Under what circumstances are parents more likely to have joint custody of their children after a divorce?

A) when they live in a rural area
B) when they are of relatively low socioeconomic status
C) when they are nonwhite
D) when they are homosexual

Question 60

What historical change led to a devaluation of women's work in the home?

A) World War I
B) the Industrial Revolution
C) the Great Depression
D) the Civil Rights Movement

Question 61

Today,many college graduates find themselves unable to afford the costs of living on their own and,at least temporarily,live with their parents again.What good news about families can we take from this trend?

A) It allows parents to have more of a say in their children's romantic lives.
B) That so many children are willing to live with their parents again suggests that they have closer relationships with parents than previous generations did.
C) College students today are taking less time to finish college and moving past the "student" phase of their lives more quickly than in the past.
D) By living with their parents, these college graduates save money and demonstrate fiscal responsibility in ways that the past generation did not.

Question 62

The radio played a news story about the murder of a twenty-five-year-old woman,married,with one child.Who would you guess is the most likely culprit?

A) a serial killer
B) her husband or boyfriend
C) a gang member being "initiated" into a street gang
D) a burglar who she surprised in the act

Question 63

As an agent of socialization,who does the family influence?

A) only children
B) everyone
C) women
D) the elderly

Question 64

What is the main reason abusive partners resort to domestic abuse?

A) They have anger management problems.
B) They have problems outside the relationship that drive them over the edge.
C) They are generally violent in all aspects of their lives.
D) They desire power over their victims.

Question 65

What sort of actions do abusive partners take to keep their partners in the relationship?

A) keep up a constant stream of threats
B) stop the cycle of abuse and truly reform
C) periodically enter a cycle of loving contrition
D) seek psychological help

Question 66

Which of the following things is a child likely to convince a parent to do?

A) switch to a different political party
B) start reading more literature
C) join a gym
D) learn about new cultures

Question 67

How do most abusive relationships look at the beginning?

A) The signs of violence are there from the start.
B) Violence usually begins as soon as the relationship starts, if not before.
C) There is tension and a "walking on eggshells" feeling from day one.
D) The abusive partner is charming, attentive, and thoughtful.

Question 68

Although there are strategies available to help ease the burden of the second shift,they are mainly available to:

A) people with extended families.
B) young couples.
C) newlyweds.
D) wealthier families.

Question 69

What happens to marital satisfaction when small children are present in the household?

A) It goes up.
B) It goes down.
C) It goes up for the first child, but down for every child after that.
D) It goes up for newlyweds, but down for older married couples.

Question 70

To whom has Hochschild's concept of the "supermom" always been applicable?

A) upper-class mothers
B) middle-class parents
C) working-class mothers
D) the homeless

Question 71

How does the birth of children tend to change the gendered division of labor within the household?

A) It gets fathers more involved.
B) It brings the extended family into the household more.
C) It makes the division of labor more traditionally split along gender lines.
D) It has no influence on the gendered division of labor.

Question 72

What does Arlie Hochschild call mothers who accept the dual workloads of paid labor at work and unpaid labor at home without any help?

A) instrumental leaders
B) supermoms
C) dual mothers
D) revolutionary moms

Question 73

What is it called when individuals must care for both their own children and their elderly parents?

A) the sandwich generation effect
B) elderly caregiving
C) extended family care
D) dual workloads

Question 74

Which of the following was true of parenting in the nineteenth century and earlier?

A) fathers were far more likely to have the final say in decisions about their children.
B) Mothers often valued other mothers' opinions about child rearing over the opinions of their own children's fathers.
C) The extended family was less important in terms of instrumental support.
D) Members of the community had far less influence than they do today.

Question 75

Although most young people face similar financial pressures while in their twenties,considerably more men move back in with their parents than women.What is one reason for this?

A) Men care more about saving money than women do.
B) Women lose more independence when they move back home than men do.
C) Men have stronger relationships with their parents than women do.
D) Women are more likely than men to have serious emotional conflicts with their mothers.

Question 76

Which of the following strategies does Arlie Hochschild claim some women use to help balance working a paid job and being responsible for the home?

A) no longer caring that there are dirty clothes all over the floor
B) divorcing husbands who refuse to help
C) forcing their children to take over the majority of the housework
D) throwing away clothing when they find it on the floor, to teach their husbands a lesson

Question 77

How do rates of domestic abuse differ across racial groups?

A) They are higher among African Americans and Hispanics than in other racial groups.
B) They are about equal across racial groups.
C) They are lower among Asian Americans than in other racial groups.
D) They are higher among non-English-speaking individuals than among English speakers.

Question 78

What term applies to a child who leaves home at eighteen but later returns for at least a short period of time?

A) emotionally stunted
B) boomerang kid
C) adult minor
D) sandwich kid

Question 79

A person is most likely to be murdered by:

A) a family member.
B) a law enforcement officer.
C) a drug dealer or a drug user.
D) someone seeking to rob him or her.

Question 80

What is the term for the range of behaviors that abusers use to gain and maintain control over their victims?

A) manipulation
B) passive aggression
C) domestic violence
D) symbolic violence