Deck 16: Humanistic Psychologies

Question 1

Humanistic psychologists were vocal in their criticisms

A)of behaviorism and psychoanalysis
B)of structuralism and functionalism
C)of behaviorism and Gestalt psychology
D)of Gestalt psychology and psychoanalysis

Answer 1

of behaviorism and psychoanalysis

Question 2

The Lockean tradition in psychology is most consistent with

A)Gestalt psychology
B)S-R behavioristic psychologies
C)existentialism
D)Freud's psychoanalytic theory

Answer 2

S-R behavioristic psychologies

Question 3

The idiographic orientation in psychology emphasizes

A)statistical abstractions
B)individual experience
C)abnormal behavior
D)paranormal phenomena

Answer 3

individual experience

Question 4

The nomothetic orientation in psychology emphasizes

A)statistical abstractions
B)individual experience
C)abnormal behavior
D)paranormal phenomena

Question 5

_____ is well known for his work on prejudice, including his examination of social factors and conditions that can reduce prejudice

A)Abraham Maslow
B)Søren Kierkegaard
C)Gordon Allport
D)Carl Rogers

Question 6

According to Carl Rogers, the greater the congruence between the _____ and the _____ , the greater the health.

A)superego . . . ego
B)Umwelt . . . Mitwelt
C)self . . . ideal self
D)social conditions . . . expectations

Question 7

Unconditional positive regard, according to Carl Rogers, is

A)another term for "love at first sight"
B)marked by a belief in the intrinsic worth of the individual
C)another term for conditional love
D)an orientation that emphasizes the idea that love must be earned

Question 8

Carl Rogers's view of human nature was

A)highly pessimistic
B)moderately pessimistic
C)neutral
D)highly optimistic

Question 9

The term logotherapy is associated with the work of

A)Carl Rogers
B)Abraham Maslow
C)Viktor Frankl
D)Gordon Allport

Question 10

Name the person described in the following biography: "I was born in 1905 in Vienna and earned an MD and a PhD from the University of Vienna. Several members of my family were brutally murdered in Nazi concentration camps, but I managed to survive. The experience inspired me to write my most famous book, Man's Search for Meaning."

A)Abraham Maslow
B)Alfed Adler
C)Viktor Frankl
D)Carl Rogers

Question 11

A noogenic neurosis results from

A)the frustration of any basic drive
B)the failure to find a sense of worth in life
C)the frustration of the sex drive
D)deficiency in vitamin B12

Question 12

Frankl argues that

A)life is without meaning
B)there is a universal meaning of life that humans can discover
C)there is a universal meaning of life, but humans cannot discover it
D)individuals must find the meaning in their own life in their own circumstances

Question 13

The work of ______, with a focus on individual experience, can provide a basis for the method of autoethnography, in which one studies one's own experiences.

A)Abraham Maslow
B)Alfred Adler
C)Viktor Frankl
D)Carl Rogers

Question 14

According to psychologist Joseph F. Rychlak, psychology should be built on a model of causality that

A)emphasizes correlation alone
B)emphasizes material and efficient causes exclusively
C)includes material, efficient, formal, and final causes
D)includes none of the above. Rychlak believes that causality is a philosophical term and, as such, has no place in science

Question 15

Basic human nature, according to third-force psychologies, is

A)self-serving and animal-like
B)morally neutral
C)naturally growth oriented
D)sinful

Question 16

Which of the following is NOT a legitimate criticism of humanistic psychology?

A)neglect of the hard work of systematic observation
B)some strands of humanistic psychology are affiliated with various countercultures and spiritual-mystical groups
C)therapeutic procedures are suspect in terms of effecting real change
D)overly reductionistic

Question 17

According to the text, the study of human strengths and virtues refers to a contemporary discipline known as

A)positive psychology
B)phenomenology
C)first-force psychology
D)idiographic psychology

Question 18

The Leibnizian tradition, according to Allport, is marked by

A)an emphasis on an active intellect
B)belief in the so-called "blank slate" hypothesis
C)its similarities with S-R psychologies
D)a strong deterministic bias

Question 19

Maslow argued that psychology should study

A)neurotic individuals
B)healthy and successful people
C)biological and computer models
D)rigidly empirical data

Question 20

According to Maslow, "B-love" is

A)essentially erotic
B)joyful and non-possessive
C)neurotic
D)possessive or even selfish

Question 21

The humanistic viewpoint in psychology gained momentum in the

A)later 1970s
B)later 1980s
C)early 1930s
D)1960s

Question 22

The philosophical orientation marked by concerns for the emotional, social, and intellectual issues of life is

A)existentialism
B)rationalism.
C)political science
D)psychoanalysis

Question 23

The Spanish philosopher Miguel de Unamuno believed that science fails when it

A)remains too general or fails to specialize
B)does not adopt a coherent and rigorous methodology
C)emphasizes emotion at the expense of reason
D)allows specialization to block the larger vision

Question 24

According to the Spanish philosopher Miguel de Unamuno, the neglect of affect in a philosophy

A)should guide the larger vision of a philosophy
B)limits a philosophy to the use of models to explain behavior
C)is a requirement of any coherent system of philosophy
D)dooms a philosophy to failure

Question 25

According to Kierkegaard, we remain in the mode of the herd when we

A)reject rational and systematic conceptual schemes
B)fail to study history
C)reject truths imposed by the intellect
D)fail to appropriate truth

Question 26

According to Kierkegaard, the aesthetic mode of existence ultimately leads to

A)optimism and a sense of well-being
B)the terror of having known we have done wrong
C)indifference, boredom, emptiness, and despair
D)a profound sense of the irony of life

Question 27

The ethical mode of existence, according to Kierkegaard, may collapse into

A)indifference, boredom, and despair
B)a self-righteous attitude
C)religious or political fanaticism
D)a profound sense of irony

Question 28

According to Kierkegaard, _____ is marked by a sensitivity to one's contingency and complete dependence on God.

A)the aesthetic mode of existence
B)the ethical mode of existence
C)the religious mode of existence
D)the neurotic mode of existence

Question 29

Heidegger used the term _______ to refer to those conditions or forces that do not yield easily to human effort.

A)factuality
B)throwness
C)Dasein
D)Mitwelt

Question 30

Heidegger referred to his method of understanding the way we exist or our being in the world as

A)psychoanalysis
B)logotherapy
C)analytic anthroponomy
D)Daseinsanalysis

Question 31

Phenomenology as a philosophical movement refers to

A)appearance
B)a method for discovering what is given in experience
C)the study of common human errors
D)the study of illusions

Question 32

_______ is commonly regarded as the founder of phenomenology.

A)Edmund Husserl
B)William James
C)Martin Heidegger
D)Søren Kierkegaard

Question 33

Which of the following best describes the position of phenomenology regarding the use of models in psychology?

A)animal models are acceptable because animals can feel; machine models, however, are unacceptable
B)all models are regarded as helpful in one way or another
C)computer models are especially valuable because such models may give us insight into the nature of
D)cognitive processes
E)since the phenomena of consciousness are not like anything else, models are only approximations and can be dehumanizing

Question 34

Which of the following best describes the position of phenomenology regarding reductionism in psychology?

A)reduction is necessary in every field of psychological study
B)what is given in experience should be broken down into component parts for study
C)what is given in experience should be studied exactly as it appears
D)reduction is an effective research strategy that should be employed when possible

Question 35

According to Maslow, a _____ psychology emphasizes methodology, techniques, orthodoxy, and measurement, whereas a _____ psychology would be open to a variety of methods.

A)behavioristic . . . psychoanalytic
B)means-centered . . . problem-centered
C)problem-centered . . . means-centered
D)methodological . . . goal-oriented

Question 36

Which of the following is the correct order in Maslow's need hierarchy?

A)physiological needs, safety needs, belongingness, self-esteem, self-actualization
B)safety needs, biological needs, needs for erotic love, needs for acceptance, self-actualization
C)dominance needs, erotic needs, hunger and thirst, religious needs, self-actualization
D)religious needs, physiological needs, safety needs, belongingness, procreation, self-actualization

Question 37

Along with the cultural anthropologist Ruth Fulton Benedict, who provided the inspiration for Abraham Maslow's idea of a self-actualizing personality?

A)Albert Einstein
B)William James
C)Max Wertheimer
D)Eleanor Roosevelt

Question 38

Which of the following is NOT a criticism of humanistic psychology?

A)Negative view of science and basic research.
B)Pluralistic view of methodology.
C)Acceptance of the scientifically unverifiable concept of free will.
D)Difficulty in defining humanistic.