Deck 6: Issues in Diagnosis, Assessment, Treatment

Question 1

Name the major similarity between the DSM and ICD‐10 codes, and the major difference between these two systems.

Answer 1

Similarity: Both systems are examples of categorical systems.
Difference: DSM is primarily used in North America, ICD‐10 is primarily in Europe.

Question 2

Name the Five Axes of the DSM and what they represent.

Answer 2

Page 152, Table 5.1

Question 3

The DSM system and the Dimensional System are two different ways of classifying child problems. Fill in the chart regarding differences between the two systems:

Answer 3

Page 161, Table 5.3

Question 4

In their discussion of evidence‐based assessments, Mash and Hunsley (2005) highlight six potential reasons for conducting assessments with children. Name five of the six reasons.

Question 5

There are three main types of observational recording methods. For each of the three methods, indicate the main types, application, advantages and disadvantages.

Question 6

According to the Surgeon General's Report on Children and Mental Health (2000), one of the major goals of child assessment should be to

A) discern unique functional characteristics of the individual child.
B) diagnose signs and symptom presentations that are suggestive of specific mental disorders.
C) use assessment methods that are current.
D) Both a and b are correct.

Question 7

All of the following are goals of a case formulation, except

A) problem identification.
B) problem prevention.
C) problem clarification.
D) problem classification.

Question 8

A clinician is probing for answers to the questions as to why a behavior continues to persist, even though there seems to be no obvious reinforcement patterns evident. The clinician is interested in determining

A) maintaining factors.
B) prioritization factors.
C) precipitating factors.
D) none of the above.

Question 9

A clinician hypothesizes that a child's agitated behavior is a sign of separation anxiety. He then sets out to collect data to confirm this ___________ diagnosis.

A) differential
B) categorical
C) provisional
D) hypothetical

Question 10

Mash and Wolfe (2002) suggest three goals of assessment. Which of the following is not one of the goals?

A) diagnosis
B) prognosis
C) treatment planning
D) research

Question 11

Which of the following is true regarding the DSM Classification System?

A) The system is called the ICD?10 Codes in Europe.
B) The system is a categorical system.
C) The system considers child disorders along a continuum of severity.
D) The GAF is a self?report scale to assist in the diagnosis of specific disorders.

Question 12

A clinician discovers that a child who is anxious has had repeated operations for stomach problems. This important information would be coded on which Axis of the DSM?

A) Axis V
B) Axis II
C) Axis III
D) Axis IV

Question 13

All of the following are true regarding the DSM, except

A) the first DSM was developed in 1952.
B) the DSM?III recognized two childhood disorders: Autism and Schizophrenia
C) the DSM?III replaced an emphasis on theoretical foundations with an empirical approach.
D) currently, the DSM recognizes over 20 disorders with usual onset in infancy, childhood, or adolescence.

Question 14

All disorders are coded on Axis I, except

A) Pervasive Developmental Disorders and Mental Retardation.
B) Autism and Mental Retardation.
C) Mental Retardation and Personality Disorders.
D) Schizophrenia and Mental Retardation.

Question 15

The DSM is published by APA, which stands for:

A) the American Psychological Association.
B) the American Pediatric Association.
C) the American Physicians Association.
D) the American Psychiatric Association.

Question 16

Which of the following is not one of the categories of disorders usually with onset in infancy, childhood, and adolescence?

A) Learning Disorders
B) Elimination Disorders
C) Social Anxiety Disorders
D) Communication Disorders

Question 17

Which of the following is not one of the DSM qualifiers to refer to symptom severity?

A) profound
B) mild
C) moderate
D) severe

Question 18

Which of the following is true regarding the DSM?PC Child and Adolescent Version?

A) It is widely used by clinicians in the field.
B) It was developed to assist primary care physicians.
C) Symptoms are presented on a continuum, rather than whether they are present or absent.
D) It has been recently adopted for usage in Europe.

Question 19

Externalizing problems have also been referred to as ______ in the past.

A) over?controlled
B) behavior excess
C) behavior deficit
D) Both a and c are correct.

Question 20

Which of the following has been reported by researchers concerning responses to rating scales?

A) Parents are better informants than youth about problems such as oppositional defiant disorder.
B) Youth ratings for depression and anxiety are as good a predictor as their parent ratings in these areas.
C) Parents are better informants than youth on rating scales for Attention Deficit. Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)
D) All of the above are true.

Question 21

Which of the following is false regarding the ASEBA?

A) The most recent version of the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) was normed on almost 5,000 children.
B) All children in the sample had received or were receiving mental health services from over 20 outpatient and inpatient facilities across the US.
C) The most recent revision also includes a series of DSM?oriented Scales.
D) Individuals who score at or above a T Score of 70 on any scale are considered to be in the Clinical Range for that scale.

Question 22

In one study of children with severe emotional disabilities (SED), Wilmshurst (2002) found that ______ of the population had comorbid internalizing and externalizing problems.

A) 25%
B) 40%
C) 74%
D) 53%

Question 23

In the above study, Wilmshurst (2002) found that the most common comorbid cluster included

A) oppositional defiant disorder, conduct disorder, anxiety disorder, and depression.
B) conduct disorder, oppositional defiant disorder, ADHD, and depression.
C) oppositional defiant disorder, antisocial personality disorder, ADHD, and depression.
D) Anxiety, depression, somatic complaints, and conduct problems.

Question 24

In their discussion of discrepant information from informants, DeLos Reyes and Kazdin (2005), state that the most significant reason why treatment plans are often compromised is due to

A) lack of consensus among multiple informants regarding assessment instruments.
B) lack of consensus regarding the specific nature of the target problem.
C) lack of consensus regarding the treatment goal.
D) collection of data from different situational contexts.

Question 25

In their development of the ABC Model, De Los Reyes and Kazdin (2005) based their theoretical framework on assumptions inherent in the concept of

A) learned helplessness.
B) state dependant learning.
C) locus of control.
D) actor?observer bias.

Question 26

In the ABC Model (De Los Reyes and Kazdin, 2005) which of the following is true?

A) Observers attribute negative behavior to external causes.
B) Informants are more likely to retrieve memories of negative behaviors.
C) Children will attribute negative behaviors to internal causes.
D) Children will likely retrieve memories of positive behaviors of others to counteract creating a bad impression.

Question 27

Which of the following has been reported by researchers concerning responses to rating scales?

A) Parents and teachers report more behavior problems in boys compared to girls, at all ages.
B) Adolescent girls self?report more problem than adolescent boys do.
C) Disturbed males tend to rate themselves as socially adequate.
D) All the above are true.

Question 28

According to the APA Ethics Code (APA, 2002), ethically, psychologists must obtain informed consent for assessment in all but three conditions. Which is not one of those conditions?

A) testing that is mandated by law
B) classroom observation of a child in a school setting
C) testing that is routinely administered (education, job applications)
D) if the assessment is to determine issues of competency

Question 29

Section 3.10 of the Ethics Code (APA, 2002) addresses the psychologist's ethical obligations to obtain consent from those who are legally incapable of giving consent. Under these conditions, the psychologist must do all of the following, except

A) obtain appropriate permission from the child's mother.
B) provide an appropriate explanation.
C) seek the individual's assent.
D) consider the person's preferences and best interest.

Question 30

In the Ethics Code, test data refers to all of the following, except

A) raw and scaled scores.
B) notes about the individual's behavior during the assessment.
C) a child's demographic records stored on the psychologist's computer.
D) individual responses to test items or stimuli.

Question 31

If a psychologist wants to check on the validity or reliability of an assessment instrument, this information can usually be found in the

A) APA directory.
B) Journal of Tests and Measurements.
C) Institute of Assessment and Measurement Website.
D) Mental Measurements Yearbook.

Question 32

Recording the number of times a student raises his hand in class is an example of

A) narrative recording.
B) continuous recording.
C) interval recording.
D) event recording.

Question 33

In their discussion of evidence based assessments, Mash & Hunsley (2005) use the term "clinical utility" to refer to

A) the role of assessment in intervention and treatment outcomes.
B) assessment as a tool for linking observations to assessment.
C) the clinical assessment interview.
D) the importance of rapport building.

Question 34

Which of the following questions would you least expect to see as part of a mental status exam?

A) Who is the current president of the united States?
B) What day of the week is it today?
C) What is 4 x 5?
D) Who wrote the Harry Potter books?

Question 35

Which of the following is true regarding a functional behavioral assessment (FBA)?

A) FBA is a norm?based assessment.
B) FBA is developed to assess the degree to which a behavior exists.
C) FBA is developed to address why a behavior exists.
D) All of the above are true.

Question 36

Which of the following is not an internalizing problem according to the Achenbach System of Empirical Behavioral Assessment (ASEBA)?

A) thought problems
B) withdrawn/depressed behaviors
C) anxious depressed behaviors
D) somatic complaints

Question 37

Which of the following is an example of a discrete behavior?

A) playing
B) on?task behavior
C) talking out of turn
D) watching a television show

Question 38

Which is true regarding the Adolescent Psychopathology Scale (APS)?

A) The scale is completed by the youth's parent.
B) The scale is completed by youth 9?12 years of age.
C) The scale is available in a long (346 items) and short (115 items) form.
D) The scale has questionable validity, since it does not contain a lie scale.

Question 39

In the study by Shapiro and Heick (2004), the most prevalent forms of assessment used by school psychologists were

A) intelligence tests.
B) behavioral rating scales.
C) achievement tests.
D) child self?reports.

Question 40

In their study of school psychologists, Shapiro and Heick (2004) found that ___ used projective tests as part of their assessment battery.

A) less than 10% (9.4%)
B) more than 65% (68%)
C) more than half (approximately 53%)
D) less than 25% (21%)