Question 1

____ validity refers to the ability to conclude cause and effect.&#10;A) Social&#10;B) Internal&#10;C) External&#10;D) Experimental

Accepted Answer

Internal validity refers to the extent to which a study can demonstrate a cause-and-effect relationship between variables, minimizing the possibility that the observed effects are due to other factors.

Question 2

____ validity refers to the extent to which findings may be generalized beyond the research setting.&#10;A) Social&#10;B) Internal&#10;C) External&#10;D) Experimental

Accepted Answer

External validity refers to the extent to which the results of a study can be generalized to other situations and to other people. It is about the applicability of the research findings outside of the specific study context.

Question 3

Advantages of single-subject designs include&#10;A) monitoring of the subject's behavior throughout the experiment.&#10;B) large numbers of subjects are not required to conduct an entire experiment.&#10;C) they do not require sophisticated statistical analysis.&#10;D) all of these

Accepted Answer

Single-subject designs have several advantages, including the ability to monitor a subject's behavior throughout the experiment, the fact that they do not require large numbers of subjects to conduct an entire experiment, and the lack of need for sophisticated statistical analysis.

Question 4

The best baselines are ____ or trend in the _____ direction to the predicted intervention effect.&#10;A) instable; same&#10;B) instable; opposite.&#10;C) stable; same&#10;D) stable; opposite.

Accepted Answer

Stable baselines in the opposite direction to the predicted intervention effect provide a clearer contrast and more reliable assessment of the intervention's impact.

Question 5

A _____ design includes initially obtaining a baseline, then introducing an intervention, and then returning to the baseline conditions.&#10;A) reversal&#10;B) multiple baseline&#10;C) group&#10;D) correlational

Accepted Answer

A reversal design, also known as an ABAB design, involves initially obtaining a baseline (A), introducing an intervention (B), and then returning to the baseline conditions (A) followed by reintroducing the intervention (B), to assess the effects of the intervention on the behavior or condition being studied.

Question 6

A _____ design includes initially obtaining a baseline on different people, in different settings, or for different behaviors, and then sequentially introducing an intervention.&#10;A) reversal&#10;B) multiple baseline&#10;C) group&#10;D) correlational

Accepted Answer

A multiple baseline design involves initially establishing a baseline across different individuals, settings, or behaviors before sequentially introducing an intervention to each. This approach allows for the assessment of the intervention's effects across various conditions or subjects without requiring a reversal to baseline conditions.

Deck 2: Adaptive Learning Research Methods