Deck 16: The Past of the Future and the Future of the Family

Question 1

In 1964, ________ wrote the first monograph on the family in Canada.

A) Emily Nett
B) Frederick Elkin
C) Carle Zimmerman
D) Margrit Eichler
E) Jessie Bernard

Answer 1

Frederick Elkin

Question 2

According to Margrit Eichler, ________'s observations on marriage still seem relevant today.

A) Ray Baber
B) Agnes Calliste
C) John Kauffman
D) A.E. Barrett
E) Meyer Nimkoff

Answer 2

Ray Baber

Question 3

The ________ movement of the 1960s advocated that the number of births should be restricted.

A) environmental
B) one-child policy
C) zero population
D) birth control
E) domesticity

Answer 3

zero population

Question 4

In the late 1960s and early 1970s, predictions around communal living and group marriage fully ignored ________

A) aging.
B) inter-generational communities.
C) raising children.
D) gender roles.
E) women in the work force.

Question 5

The second stage of Robert Thamm's linear development is characterized by the ________ family.

A) consanguine
B) communal
C) polygynous
D) conjugal
E) nuclear

Question 6

Victor Kassel identified the advantages to living a polygynous lifestyle for men over 60 as all except which of the following?

A) A better diet
B) Better living conditions
C) Help in illness
D) Help with housework
E) Many children

Question 7

Food prices in Canada are projected to increase, and this increase is due to all of the following factors except for ________

A) high rate of importation of food.
B) crop failures elsewhere.
C) low Canadian dollar.
D) prevalence of natural disasters.
E) none of the above.

Question 8

Pollak, reflecting on the consequences of ________, suggested that partly due to genetic endowment and partly due to shifts in employment policies, women will prove to be frequently more successful in the role of earner than their husbands.

A) women's rights
B) women's lib
C) women's privileges
D) women's civil liberties
E) women's constitutional rights

Question 9

In 1970, Robert Winch predicted ________

A) a decrease in marriage rates.
B) that husbands would fail to participate more in housework as their wives became more active in the labour force.
C) that society would be returning toward a norm that will give increasing emphasis to the differences between the sexes.
D) that society would return to a traditional division of labour.
E) all of the above.

Question 10

According to Bibby (2005), _______ of respondents agreed that both parents need to take equal responsibility for raising children and 94 per cent agreed that couples should share household duties equally.

A) 100 per cent
B) 99 per cent
C) 90 per cent
D) 85 per cent
E) 80 per cent

Question 11

Predictions from Calhoun in 1919 suggested that because of women entering the labour force _____________ was bound to disappear.

A) Prostitution
B) Marriage
C) Poverty
D) Polygamy
E) Violence against women

Question 12

In 1967, John Edwards stated that when women fully realize their economic equality, ________

A) they will no longer find dependence a virtue or a worthy by-product of marriage.
B) family life will disintegrate and marriage will be pointless.
C) they will develop egalitarian relationships with men and the ideal family will be created.
D) they will stop having children and the population will decrease.
E) there will be an increase in the nuclear family model.

Question 13

R.N. Whitehurst (1975) referred to cohabitation as _________

A) The Engagement Period.
B) Common-Law Living.
C) The Pre-Marriage Trial.
D) The Living Agreement.
E) Living Together Unmarried.

Question 14

Cohabitation in Canada exists today in three forms: ________

A) as a premarital arrangement.
B) as a permanent alternative to legal marriage.
C) as a type of post-divorce union.
D) both a and b.
E) all of the above.

Question 15

According to Statistics Canada, in 2017__________- per cent of adults ages 25-64 lived common-law, compared with __________ per cent of the same age group who were married.

A) 15; 56
B) 45; 56
C) 15; 30
D) 25; 56
E) 45; 50

Question 16

Between 1820 and 1920, the United States imported ________ million immigrants from Europe.

A) two
B) ten
C) twenty
D) thirty
E) forty

Question 17

In predicting the decline of the population in the United States, Carle Zimmerman did not see people from ________ as a viable source of immigration.

A) England
B) the United States
C) non-Western countries
D) Australia
E) New Zealand

Question 18

In 1947, ________ were highly concerned with the decline of the population due to low birth and immigration rates.

A) Zimmerman and Nimkoff
B) Goode and Davids
C) Davids and Zimmerman
D) Bird and Ehrlich
E) Harding and Boulding

Question 19

Which of the following trends related to fertility is inaccurate for the Canadian population?

A) Women between the ages of 35 and 39 have an increasing fertility rate.
B) Women between 35 and 39 have a higher fertility rate than women in their early twenties.
C) Canada's fertility rate is among the highest in the world.
D) There has been a decline in the fertility rate of women in their early twenties.
E) Canada's fertility rate has been falling well below replacement levels.

Question 20

In the mid-1950s, Ogburn and Nimkoff predicted that ________ would enhance the status of women within the family.

A) a surplus of immigrant domestic workers
B) new reproductive technologies
C) more affordable childcare
D) greater employment opportunities for females
E) improvements in household management

Question 21

________ refers to a broad array of technologies aimed at facilitating or preventing the process of reproduction, such as contraception, abortion, antenatal testing, birth, and contraceptive technologies.

A) New reproductive and genetic technologies
B) New genetic breeding technologies
C) Procreation processes
D) Technological generation
E) Current re-generation technologies

Question 22

Projection from generational change is a way of making predictions about the family based on ________

A) a study of three generations of the same family.
B) a scatter graph of intergenerational differences.
C) trends observed in the youngest married-child generation.
D) surveys of inter-generational households.
E) both a and c.

Question 23

All of the following, except for ________, are methods to predict the future of families, as identified by Reuben Hill (1964).

A) projection from generational changes
B) the family specialists' future family
C) extrapolation from trends in the future
D) birth rate patterns
E) the impact of inventions

Question 24

According to Margrit Eichler, ________ is the single most important issue currently confronting humanity.

A) obesity
B) deforestation
C) climate change
D) poverty
E) nutrition

Question 25

________ is a legacy of the exploitation of natural resources by the word's richest countries (which include Canada) of over-consumption and the reckless burning of fossil fuels that, among other things, power an ever-increasing number of cars; of the exploitation of resources that would have been renewable if they had been used in a sustainable manner, deforestation, and the other factors that contribute to greenhouse gases.

A) Climate change
B) The destruction of the ozone layer
C) Weather pattern transformation
D) Atmospheric change
E) Low pressure systems

Question 26

In 2015, just _______ held the same wealth as all that held by 3.6 billion people, the bottom half of humanity.

A) 5
B) 25
C) 40
D) 54
E) 62

Question 27

In 2015, a massive leak of documents, known as the ________ revealed the names and details of over 200,000 entities using tax havens.

A) Egyptian papers
B) South American papers
C) Russian papers
D) Panama papers
E) Italian papers

Question 28

GM crops are ________

A) manufactured by General Motors.
B) government-modelled.
C) genetically modified.
D) produced under the growing management model.
E) identified as greening and modifying.

Question 29

According to Eichler, unless rich countries reduce their greenhouse gases by ________, global greenhouse gas emissions will get much worse.

A) 15 per cent
B) 25 per cent
C) 40 per cent
D) 60 per cent
E) 80 per cent

Question 30

Canada has shamefully won the "________" five years in a row for its obstreperous role in international climate negotiations.

A) Kyoto Award
B) Anti-Environment Award
C) COP-15
D) Fossil of the Year Award
E) Dinosaur Award

Question 31

Which of the following terms is best described as 'a global phenomenon which broadly refers to less structured and non-traditional work arrangements where workers are often independent contractors or freelancers and on-demand workers hired through online platforms and crowdsourcing marketplaces'?

A) Gig Economy
B) Short-term Economy
C) Pandemic Economy
D) Neo-liberal Economy
E) Social Welfare Economy

Question 32

The Russian Federation serves as evidence that ________ can shorten life expectancy.

A) social upheaval
B) poor nutrition
C) obesity
D) climate change
E) poor family life

Question 33

Four years after the fall of the Berlin Wall, the life expectancy of men in the Russian Federation dropped by ________ years.

A) 6.6
B) 5.2
C) 4.1
D) 3.5
E) 1.7

Question 34

Which of the following statements about gender and the recent global pandemic is true?

A) Men took on more unpaid care work than they typically do.
B) Women were more likely than men to report that their lives were quite a bit or extremely stressful.
C) Women and men were equally likely to report that their lives were quite a bit or extremely stressful.
D) Men took on more paid care work (jobs like nursing, personal support worker, etc.).
E) Women were more likely to seek divorce as a way out of a bad marriage.

Question 35

The second-wave feminist movement of the 1960s is also referred to as the ________

A) equality movement.
B) women's lib movement.
C) female hippie movement.
D) "Beyond the Family" movement.
E) lioness' share.

Question 36

Emily Nett identifies the 1970s and 1980s as the "period of Canadianization and policy concerns."

Question 37

According to Ray Baber (1953), there should only be one belief system; that marriage is the only divinely sanctioned form of union and the only one that should ever be tolerated.

Question 38

At the time of the hippie movement, a number of intellectuals and authors believed that the nuclear family needed to be replaced with alternative structures.

Question 39

A patriarchal family is one in which the husband is dominant, while the wife and children are subordinate to his authority.

Question 40

In the 1970s, some believed that monogamous marriage, and the family based on it, was grim, lifeless, boring, depressing, and disillusioning.

Question 41

Levett indicated that a male figure (a third parent) was required to educate, train, and equip male children.

Question 42

The first stage of Robert Thamm's linear development towards a communal family is characterized by the consanguine family.

Question 43

Given that the labour force participation of women today is almost equal to that of men and that the US and Canada have continued to exist and even flourish, clearly the patriarchal breadwinner family is not necessary to the continued survival of these societies.

Question 44

Parson and Bales (1955) believed that the patriarchal family form negatively affects the economic growth of America.

Question 45

A survey conducted by Reginald Bibby (2005) found that 99 per cent of the Canadian respondents agree that "parents need to take equal responsibility for raising their children."

Question 46

In 2017, just over 80 per cent of new (or expectant) fathers in Quebec received or were planning to claim parental benefits, compared to only 12 per cent in the rest of Canada.

Question 47

The majority of commentators writing on the family during the 1960s and 1970s anticipated the legalization of same-sex marriage in Canada.

Question 48

In North America, people are increasingly spending more time with family and less time at their paid job.

Question 49

In 2017, 15 per cent of adults ages 25 to 64 lived common-law.

Question 50

William Goode (1972) believed that in order to control overpopulation, the United States should offer free abortion, eliminate tax benefits for children, and ensure that women are working.

Question 51

As of 2020, more than 50 per cent of on-reserve, status First Nations children were found to be living in poverty.

Question 52

The increase in the global human population and the overconsumption in rich countries, such as Canada, along with wars, are the greatest drain on natural resources and are two of the driving factors in generating environmental problems.

Question 53

Immigration and higher birth rates account for Canada's current population growth.

Question 54

In the mid-1950s, Ogburn and Nimkoff correctly anticipated new reproductive and genetic technologies on the basis of scrutinizing animal experiments.

Question 55

According to Hill (1964), extrapolation means making predictions based on one's personal experiences.

Question 56

Literature on parent-youth conflicts indicates that children today experience the world similarly to the way their parents experienced the world when they were their age.

Question 57

Winch predicted that husbands would become more active in housework as their wives become more active in the labour force.

Question 58

The rate and severity of natural disasters have been globally decreasing as a result of global awareness and action.

Question 59

Armies and wars are, of course, the greatest contributors to greenhouse gases.

Question 60

Food prices are projected to decline by between 6 and 10 per cent given the cheaper ingredients (i.e. fillers) used in manufactured foods.

Question 61

In 2015, 62 individuals held the same wealth as all that was held by 3.6 billion people (the bottom half of humanity).

Question 62

Millions of children in low-income countries grow up malnourished.

Question 63

Canada won the "Fossil of the Year Award" five years in a row, from 2007 to 2011, for its vast discoveries of fossils in the badlands of Alberta.

Question 64

While resistance to genetically modified crops in Europe has been strong, Canada sees bio-technologies as an important growth area and is committed to developing this sector further.

Question 65

Nuclear weapons continue to pose a serious global threat. The overall effects of nuclear weapons are likely to result in political turmoil only.

Question 66

Canada has taken a legal stand against genetically modified crops.

Question 67

Despite the global pandemic, the nature of childhood and adolescence has remained unchanged.

Question 68

We can expect more severe natural disasters, and more sudden swings in climate, and more superbugs and viruses having negative effects on the world's population, food supply, and housing.

Question 69

At present, more Canadian men than Canadian women attend university.

Question 70

In the past 30 years, men have taken on most of the roles that only women used to play.
Short

Question 71

What are the three types of opinions on marriage as identified by Ray Baber in 1953?

Question 72

In 1972, Jessie Bernard stated: "I do not see the traditional form of marriage retaining its monopolistic sway. I see rather, a future of marital options." How is this evident in Canada today?

Question 73

After the release of the Royal Commission on the Status of Women (1970), how were marriage and the family viewed in Canada?

Question 74

Identify the three stages of Robert Thamm's linear developmental move towards a communal family.

Question 75

Discuss Kassel's arguments regarding the positive aspects of polygyny.

Question 76

Discuss the gender roles of men and women. Include the work of Parsons and Bales.

Question 77

What predictions did Otto Pollak make in 1972 in terms of gender roles of the future?

Question 78

What are the three forms of cohabitation in Canada today?

Question 79

What were Carle Zimmerman's views on fertility in the 1940s?

Question 80

Discuss the issues surrounding overpopulation.