Question 1

Advertisements featuring famous musicians selling life insurance are examples of the fallacy of:&#10;A)appeal to emotion&#10;B)appeal to inappropriate authority&#10;C)appeal to pity&#10;D)argument ad hominem

Accepted Answer

Famous musicians are not experts in life insurance, so using their endorsement as a reason to buy life insurance is an appeal to inappropriate authority.

Question 2

&#34;You should buy these shoes, because everyone has them! Except ugly people, of course.&#34;&#10; This speaker is using the fallacy of:&#10;A)argument ad populum&#10;B)argument ad hominem&#10;C)appeal to inappropriate authority&#10;D)argument from ignorance

Accepted Answer

The speaker is using argument ad populum, which appeals to the popularity of an idea or product as a reason for acceptance, suggesting that because everyone has the shoes, you should too.

Question 3

Which fallacy occurs when we confuse temporal with causal relations?&#10;A)equivocation&#10;B)false cause&#10;C)amphiboly&#10;D)division

Accepted Answer

The false cause fallacy, also known as post hoc ergo propter hoc, occurs when someone assumes that because one event follows another, the first event must be the cause of the second. This fallacy involves confusing temporal (time-based) sequence with a causal relationship, where one event is wrongly assumed to cause the other just because it occurred earlier.

Question 4

Which fallacy is committed when a statement's meaning is indeterminate?&#10;A)equivocation&#10;B)division&#10;C)false cause&#10;D)amphiboly

Accepted Answer

Amphiboly is a fallacy that occurs when a statement is ambiguous due to its grammatical structure, leading to indeterminate meaning.

Question 5

Which other fallacy of ambiguity is the reverse of the fallacy of division?&#10;A)equivocation&#10;B)amphiboly&#10;C)composition&#10;D)accent

Accepted Answer

The fallacy of composition is the reverse of the fallacy of division. While the fallacy of division assumes what is true of the whole must be true of the parts, the fallacy of composition assumes what is true of the parts must be true of the whole.

Question 6

&#34;I often see dogs in the park.You have a dog; therefore, I often see your dog in the park.&#34;&#10; This commits the fallacy of:&#10;A)equivocation&#10;B)accent&#10;C)false cause&#10;D)none of the above

Accepted Answer

The statement does not fit the definitions of equivocation, accent, or false cause. It instead makes an unwarranted assumption or generalization, which is not listed among the options provided.

Question 7

An abusive ad hominem is present whenever:&#10;A)an insulting remark is made in place of reason in an argument&#10;B)one speaker seeks to degrade another during an argument&#10;C)people begin screaming epithets at each other&#10;D)words that are hateful or malicious are used

Accepted Answer

An abusive ad hominem occurs when an insulting remark is made in place of reason in an argument, attacking the person instead of addressing the argument itself.

Question 8

Defense lawyers sometimes explain the actions of a client by referring to the client's own mistreatment as a child.What fallacy may be committed by such explanations?&#10;A)appeal to the populace&#10;B)appeal to force&#10;C)appeal to pity&#10;D)irrelevant conclusion

Accepted Answer

This is an example of an appeal to pity fallacy, where the argument attempts to induce pity to sway the opinion or decision, rather than using relevant evidence or logical reasoning related to the case at hand.

Question 9

&#34;I know there are angels! There must be: no one can prove that they don't exist!&#34; This commits the fallacy of:&#10;A)irrelevant conclusion&#10;B)argument from ignorance&#10;C)appeal to inappropriate authority&#10;D)appeal to emotion

Accepted Answer

The statement commits the fallacy of argument from ignorance, which occurs when it's argued that a proposition is true simply because it has not been proven false, or vice versa.

Question 10

&#34;Why is it always the case that stores run out of the sale items just before the sale paper arrives, so that I can't ever buy what's on sale?&#10;&#34;&#10; What fallacy is committed in this example?&#10;A)false cause&#10;B)accident&#10;C)begging the question&#10;D)complex question

Accepted Answer

The answer of &#34;Why is it always the case that...

Question 11

Fallacies of accident arise when a generalization has some exceptions.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Fallacies of accident arise when a generalization...

Question 12

Every circular argument commits the fallacy of begging the question.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Every circular argument commits the fallacy of...

Question 13

The fallacy of amphiboly confuses the several meanings of a word.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The fallacy of amphiboly confuses the several...

Question 14

False cause is one of the fallacies of relevance.

Accepted Answer

The answer of False cause is one of the fallacies...

Question 15

The fallacy of equivocation occurs when something is taken out of context and&#10; misconstrued.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The fallacy of equivocation occurs when something...

Question 16

Matching:&#10;&#10;-The fallacy of complex question is one of the fallacies of ________.&#10;A)ambiguity&#10;B)presumption&#10;C)Relevance

Accepted Answer

The answer of Matching:&#10;&#10;-The fallacy of complex question is one...

Question 17

Matching:&#10;&#10;-The petitio principii assumes the ________ of what it seeks to prove.&#10;A)falsity&#10;B)truth&#10;C)ambiguity

Accepted Answer

The answer of Matching:&#10;&#10;-The petitio principii assumes the ________ of...

Question 18

Matching:&#10;&#10;-In the fallacy of ________, we reason from the attributes of the parts to the attributes of the whole.&#10;A)composition&#10;B)division&#10;C)hasty generalization

Accepted Answer

The answer of Matching:&#10;&#10;-In the fallacy of ________, we reason...

Question 19

Matching:&#10;&#10;-If an ad hominem argument accuses someone of prejudice because of his race and contends that he is therefore not a good source of information, it is a(n) ________ ad&#10; hominem.&#10;A)abusive&#10;B)circumstantial&#10;C)honest

Accepted Answer

The answer of Matching:&#10;&#10;-If an ad hominem argument accuses someone...

Question 20

Matching:&#10;&#10;-When we presume the applicability of a generalization to an individual case, we commit the fallacy of ________.&#10;A)hasty generalization&#10;B)composition&#10;C)accident

Accepted Answer

The answer of Matching:&#10;&#10;-When we presume the applicability of a...

Deck 4: Fallacies