Question 1

A------------explains some phenomenon (e. g. individual or group behavior), the causes of the phenomenon (e. g. response to a persuasive appeal), and/or the likelihood of the phenomenon to reoccur.&#10;A) Theory&#10;B) Motivation&#10;C) Hypothesis&#10;D) Research question&#10;E) None of the above.

Accepted Answer

A theory explains phenomena, their causes, and their likelihood of recurrence by providing a structured framework for understanding observations.

Question 2

----------is defined as when one is exposed to a stimulus, one either "acts" in some manner or does not "act." In other words, when exposed to a stimulus one approaches or avoids it. Acting can be psychological and/or behavioral.

A) Predisposition
B) Motivation
C) Information processing
D) Protection mechanism
E) Recall.

Motivation

Accepted Answer

Motivation is the psychological process that causes the arousal, direction, and persistence of voluntary actions that are goal directed. When exposed to a stimulus, an individual's motivation can lead to an approach (acting towards something) or avoidance (acting away from something) behavior, encompassing both psychological and behavioral responses.

Question 3

How one feels about oneself is called?&#10;A) Attitude&#10;B) Activation&#10;C) One's concept&#10;D) Self-esteem&#10;E) Consideration set.

Accepted Answer

Self-esteem refers to how one perceives and values oneself, which directly relates to how one feels about oneself.

Question 4

What is the motivation framework based on the fulfillment of physical, psychological, and self-actualizing needs?&#10;A) Boudreau's Hierarchy Needs Theory&#10;B) Maslow's Hierarchy Needs Theory&#10;C) The Theory of Reasoned Needs&#10;D) All of the above are needs theories&#10;E) None of the above.

Accepted Answer

Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs Theory is the motivation framework that describes the progression through five levels of needs: physiological, safety, love/belonging, esteem, and self-actualization.

Question 5

What is the theory of motivation based on the fulfill of three fundamental human needs? This framework operates on a continuum from being highly intrinsically motivation to no motivation.&#10;A) Extrinsic Theory&#10;B) Maslow's Hierarchy Needs Theory&#10;C) Self-efficacy Theory&#10;D) Intrinsic Theory&#10;E) Self-determination Theory

Accepted Answer

The Self-determination Theory (SDT) is a theory of motivation that is concerned with supporting our natural or intrinsic tendencies to behave in effective and healthy ways. It posits that there are three fundamental human needs: autonomy, competence, and relatedness, which are essential for fostering motivation across a continuum from intrinsic to extrinsic.

Question 6

A motivation framework based on the expression of self, one's ideals, and one's accomplishments is called:&#10;A) VALS&#10;B) MBTI&#10;C) Acxiom&#10;D) Experian&#10;E) None of the above.

Accepted Answer

VALS (Values and Lifestyles) is a framework that categorizes individuals based on their values, ideals, and accomplishments, focusing on the expression of self.

Question 7

The mental process to return one's mental state to harmony in the wake of cognitive dissonance is called.&#10;A) Social Exchange Theory&#10;B) Social Penetration Theory&#10;C) Reification Principle&#10;D) Attachment Theory&#10;E) Cognitive dissonance reduction.

Accepted Answer

Cognitive dissonance reduction is the process through which individuals resolve the discomfort caused by holding conflicting cognitions, by changing their attitudes, beliefs, or actions to restore mental harmony.

Question 8

What are affects?&#10;A) Cognitions and thoughts&#10;B) Feelings and thoughts&#10;C) Emotions and moods&#10;D) Rational processing&#10;E) All of the above.

Accepted Answer

Affects refer to the range of feelings that individuals experience, which includes both emotions and moods. Emotions are intense feelings that are directed at someone or something, while moods are less intense feelings that often lack a contextual stimulus.

Question 9

--------are affects that are specifically activated, intense, focused, and short-term.&#10;A) Emotions&#10;B) Cognitions&#10;C) Spiffs&#10;D) Values&#10;E) None of the above.

Accepted Answer

Emotions are specifically activated, intense, focused, and short-term affects, distinguishing them from broader, longer-term states such as moods or values.

Question 10

Reason or thoughts are:&#10;A) Affects&#10;B) Emotion&#10;C) Cognitions&#10;D) All of the above&#10;E) None of the above.

Accepted Answer

Reason or thoughts are primarily related to cognitions, which involve mental processes such as thinking, reasoning, and problem-solving.

Deck 3: Understanding Applied Theory and the Psychology and Behavior of Public Relations Stakeholders