Deck 4: How Did People Live

Question 1

All of the following are archaeological "types of types" EXCEPT

A)descriptive.
B)chronological.
C)functional.
D)redactive.

Answer 1

redactive.

Question 2

Which is a technique of incorporating water or chemicals to free seeds from the earth or the occupation residue that masks them?

A)flotation
B)extraction
C)levitation
D)centrifuge

Answer 2

flotation

Question 3

People survived by hunting and gathering until early agriculture and ranching began about

A)10,000 years ago.
B)50,000 years ago.
C)22,000 years ago.
D)12,000 years ago.

Answer 3

10,000 years ago.

Question 4

Bone identification is known as

A)zooarchaeology.
B)paleontology.
C)faunal analysis.
D)calcium analysis.

Question 5

The most accurate way of establishing animal age at death can be performed by studying

A)teeth.
B)pelvic bones.
C)leg bones.
D)skulls.

Question 6

The study of ancient plants using fossilized pollen is

A)paleoethnobotany.
B)palynology.
C)paleoethnobiology.
D)microbotany.

Question 7

Which type of artifact is based on cultural use?

A)functional
B)artistic
C)chronological
D)decorative

Question 8

Name and describe the three major methods used in pot making. Of these, which is most conducive to mass production?

Question 9

Discuss the attributes metal-workers before the eighteenth century A.D. looked for in the metals they used. Explain why recycling was so important to the early tool makers.

Question 10

List the major analytical approaches in ceramic analysis. Which of these approaches lends itself to broader-based research into the behavior of pot makers and the role of their ceramics in society?

Question 11

Discuss in what ways the work of a paleontologist studying ancient mammals is "easier" than the work of a zooarchaeologist studying bones found at dig sites.

Question 12

Cold-hammered copper artifacts were relatively common in the Near East by

A)6000 B.C.
B)5000 B.C.
C)4000 B.C.
D)3000 B.C.

Question 13

The ends of limb bones, commonly used to determine the age of an animal at death, are called

A)marrow.
B)epiphyses.
C)cartilage.
D)shaft.

Question 14

Which of the following requires a specialized background in paleontology or zoology?

A)zooarchaeology
B)paleoarchaeology
C)paleobotany
D)paleopathology

Question 15

Stone Age people used which of the following to fashion tools?

A)obsidian and flint.
B)lava and obsidian.
C)flint and seashells.
D)flint and lava.

Question 16

Archeulian stone-flaking technology

A)is named after the town of St. Acheul in France.
B)dates to A.D. 10,000.
C)originated in ancient Egypt.
D)is not well-understood by modern archaeologists.

Question 17

A conchoidal fracture is a break

A)that is facilitated by the natural tendency of igneous rocks to flake.
B)between the hip bone and the thigh bone in large prehistoric cattle.
C)in metal that has been forged but not cooled properly.
D)in pottery that has been fired but not cooled properly.

Question 18

The study of stone tool technology is known as

A)lithic analysis.
B)debitage analysis.
C)petrology.
D)reductive analysis.

Question 19

The earliest standardized bone tools date from approximately how many years ago?

A)10000
B)100000
C)1000000
D)500000

Question 20

Retrofitting in archaeology is the process of reconstructing

A)ancient stone technologies.
B)bone and antler technologies.
C)ceramics technologies.
D)iron-forging technologies.

Question 21

Which is the Stone Age archaeological site about 400,000 years old that was the discovery site of the earliest known wooden spears?

A)Paracas, Peru
B)Kansanshi, Zambia
C)Schöningen, Germany
D)Paris, France

Question 22

Which type of artifact is defined by decoration or form and also serves as a time marker?

A)functional
B)artistic
C)chronological
D)decorative

Question 23

Pottery is a relatively recent innovation, dating to 18,000 years ago in

A)Cambodia.
B)southern China.
C)Japan.
D)southeast Asia.

Question 24

To avoid cracks in finished ceramics, potters add to the clay a

A)temper.
B)metal alloy.
C)slip.
D)glaze.

Question 25

Define shell middens. Explain what they can tell us about the society and about the environment in which they are found.