Deck 16: Andean Civilizations

Question 1

Tawantinsuyu, ""The Land of the Four Quarters,"" is a name used for

A)the tropical rain forest of Upper Amazonia.
B)an important city in the Moche state.
C)Southern Peru.
D)the Inka empire.

Answer 1

the Inka empire.

Question 2

At the time of the Spanish conquest, the Inka controlled the lives of as many as

A)60 million.
B)6 million.
C)600000
D)60000

Answer 2

6 million.

Question 3

Who "discovered" the spectacular archaeological site Machu Picchu in 1911?

A)Michael Moseley
B)Hiram Bingham
C)Julio Tello
D)Walter Alva

Answer 3

Hiram Bingham

Question 4

Sicán was a coastal Andean culture of expert

A)fisherman.
B)gold workers.
C)irrigation farmers.
D)artisans.

Question 5

Chan Chan, a huge complex of walled compounds near the Pacific, was the capital of

A)the Chimu civilization.
B)Wari.
C)the Andean Initial Period.
D)the Andean Early Horizon.

Question 6

In the Late Horizon period of the Inka state, dead rulers were

A)buried with their heirs.
B)treated as if they were still alive.
C)dismembered.
D)cremated.

Question 7

Which of the following was the location of a coastal kingdom on the Rio Supe that cultivated cotton with irrigation agriculture from about 2600 B.C.?

A)Caral, Peru
B)El Paraíso, Peru
C)Aspero, Peru
D)Machu Picchu, Peru

Question 8

Explain why the fishery off of the coast of Peru was special. How did these resources lead to civilization, according to Michael Moseley?

Question 9

Define the maritime foundation hypothesis. What arguments do critics use to discount this hypothesis? What would you say in response to these critics?

Question 10

Discuss why Andean population shifted by 1800 B.C. from coastal regions to inland areas.

Question 11

Describe the finds of Moche tombs at Sipán. Why are these considered among the greatest archaeological finds of all time?

Question 12

What site was believed during Inka civilization to be home to the Sun God Inti?

A)Cuzco
B)Pisac
C)Chan Chan
D)Tiwanaku

Question 13

What complex and sophisticated record-keeping system made up for the lack of writing in Inka civilization?

A)mit'a
B)Moche portrait jars
C)quipu
D)iconography carved in temple pillars.

Question 14

Mit'a as was practiced by Andean states is

A)gold plating of artwork.
B)inheritance of leadership.
C)ritual sacrifice.
D)taxation through labor.

Question 15

Over many centuries, two ""poles"" of Andean civilization developed: the one along the northern coast of what is now Peru and the other in

A)the south-central Andes.
B)what is now the coast of Argentina.
C)what is now the inland valley region of Argentina.
D)Columbia.

Question 16

The formation of the Andean civilization in both the lowlands and the highlands may have been fostered by

A)rich fisheries on the Pacific shore.
B)continuous interchange between the coast and the interior.
C)extensive irrigation systems.
D)a fierce military.

Question 17

Which distinctive art style become a "mother culture" for all later Andean civilization?

A)Lanzón
B)Caral
C)Chavín
D)Moche

Question 18

The Moche lived at the mercy of droughts and

A)the Inka emperor.
B)the people of Pampa Grande.
C)the Tiwanaku and Wari.
D)El Niño.

Question 19

Moche civilization collapsed within a half century of a

A)great earthquake.
B)huge fire.
C)persistent drought.
D)failed coup.

Question 20

Which of the following is true of Sicán culture?

A)It filled the vacuum left by the decline of the Moche in the Montaro Basin.
B)It was remarkable for its magnificent gold work.
C)It reached its peak between 1100 and 1450.
D)All of these are correct.

Question 21

Split inheritance

A)was practiced by Chimu rulers.
B)played a major role in Inka civilization.
C)mandated that each ruler finance his own reign.
D)all of these are correct.

Question 22

Who conquered the Chimu in the 1460s?

A)the Inka.
B)the Moche.
C)Pukara.
D)the Spanish.

Question 23

The earliest Inka rulers were probably sinchi, or

A)royalty.
B)powerful elders.
C)young males.
D)petty war leaders.

Question 24

As a way to keep the new Inka kingdom under tight control, the powerful leader Virarocha Inka was said to become a

A)living god.
B)shaman.
C)sacrifice
D)quetzal.

Question 25

Discuss how a small band of Spanish conquistadors was able to defeat the Inka state. Be sure to include in your explanation the role that communication played in the Inka demise.