Deck 2: Personality and Intelligence

Question 1

There are two fundamental approaches in the study of personality:

A)The idiographic and the structural approach
B)The psychoanalytical and the nomothetic approach
C)The psychoanalytical and the behavioural approach
D)The idiographic and the nomothetic approach

Answer 1

The idiographic and the nomothetic approach

Question 2

A researcher adopting the idiographic approach:

A)Operates in the belief that the individual is not just a collection of separate traits, but a well-integrated organism
B)Operates in the belief that the individual is a collection of separate traits that are integrated into one organism
C)Operates in the belief that the individual can be described in terms of one or more variables of personality
D)None of these

Answer 2

Operates in the belief that the individual is not just a collection of separate traits, but a well-integrated organism

Question 3

Freud describes three levels of awareness:

A)The conscious, the preconscious, and the post-conscious level
B)The conscious, the unconscious, and the super-conscious level
C)The conscious, the preconscious, and the unconscious level
D)The conscious, the unconscious, and projection level

Answer 3

The conscious, the preconscious, and the unconscious level

Question 4

Which description is correct?

A)The id gradually becomes able to protect the growing child from the internal threats from the super-ego
B)The id consists of the inherited characteristics and can be viewed as a collection of instinctive desires, urges, or needs, all demanding immediate gratification
C)The id gradually becomes able to protect the growing child from the internal threats from the ego
D)None of these

Question 5

The mechanism whereby the ego protects itself from damage or discomfort by deny-ing the existence of a potential threat from within is called:

A)Regression
B)Suppression
C)Repression
D)None of these

Question 6

Kets de Vries and Miller identified five neurotic styles among managers:

A)Detached, aggressive, compulsive, depressive, projective
B)Paranoid, compulsive, depressive, projective, detached
C)Illusive, aggressive, compulsive, dramatic, schizoid
D)Paranoid, compulsive, dramatic, depressive, schizoid

Question 7

Projective techniques:

A)Require a person to respond to ambiguous or unstructured situations as a means of exploring discomfort that was projected onto an object or another person
B)Require a person to respond to ambiguous or unstructured situations as a means of exploring unconscious impulses and motives
C)Require a person to acknowledge that disturbing emotions were blamed to other persons
D)None of these

Question 8

Traits that concern optimism, depression, and other energetic tendencies can be categorized as:

A)Temperament traits
B)Motive traits
C)Stylistic traits
D)Emotional traits

Question 9

Allport puts traits into the following categories:

A)Cardinal traits, central traits, and secondary traits
B)Personality traits, ability traits, and emotional traits
C)Primary traits, secondary traits, and subordinate traits
D)Personality traits, temperament traits, and emotional traits

Question 10

The "Big Five" factors are:

A)Assertiveness, agreeableness, conscientiousness, nervousness, and openness
B)Extroversion, introversion, neuroticism, psychotic, and emotional stability
C)Extroversion, emotional stability, agreeableness, conscientiousness, and openness
D)Introversion, selfishness, conscientiousness, neuroticism, and intellect

Question 11

Current personality research is dominated by:

A)Allport's typology
B)Jung's typology
C)The Big Five factor theory
D)Trait theories

Question 12

The therapeutic approach in which individuals try to make sense out of their experi-ence is:

A)The behavioural approach
B)The cognitive approach
C)The projective approach
D)The interpersonal approach

Question 13

Rogers' ideal self refers to:

A)The individual in a perfect match with his or her environment
B)The individual as he or she would like to be
C)The individual as the environment demands him or her to be
D)None of these

Question 14

Reinforcement, imitation, socialization, and situational variables play important roles in:

A)The conditioning perspective
B)The reinforcement perspective
C)The behaviouristic perspective
D)The interpersonal perspective

Question 15

People with an external locus of control are more likely to feel comfortable with jobs:

A)In which uncontrollable factors play an important role
B)In which they can delegate tasks to others
C)That are highly structured with greater levels of compliance
D)That are high on extrinsic motivation

Question 16

People with a low self-efficacy:

A)Are more likely to attribute failure to themselves and success to external factors
B)Are more likely to reduce their effort or terminate an activity
C)Are more likely to attribute success to themselves and failure to external factors
D)None of these

Question 17

Which is true?

A)Low self-monitors show a high degree of consistency in their behaviour, while high self-monitors change their behaviour to match each particular situation
B)High self-monitors show a high degree of consistency in their behaviour, while low self-monitors change their behaviour to match each particular situation
C)Low self-monitors have a low self-efficacy, while high self-monitors have a high self-efficacy
D)Low self-monitors are critical towards their own behaviour, while high self-monitors are critical towards the behaviour of others

Question 18

Important factors in Kelly's personal construct theory are:

A)Threat
B)Anxiety
C)Hostility
D)All of these

Question 19

A distinctive feature of the proactive personality is:

A)Competence in building relationships with others
B)Possession of characteristics associated with the low-self monitor
C)Exhibits behaviour described as sensation seeking
D)Behaves like a person with a high need for power

Question 20

Two of the following apply to a situational theory of personality:

A)The situation in which the person operates has no great significance as far as per-sonality is concerned
B)Ability and organizational conditions reflected in job demands, interpersonal con-tacts, and culture are considered
C)Inborn and learned abilities, such as logical reasoning, linguistic and numeracy skills, awareness, and expertise are given due consideration
D)Transactional analysis

Question 21

In Spearman's model of intelligence, a verbal fluency test would be aimed at:

A)A factor analysis
B)The "g" factor
C)A specific "s" factor
D)None of these

Question 22

Which of the following is not an intelligence dimension in Guilford's model?

A)Products
B)Movements
C)Contents
D)Operations

Question 23

Emotional intelligence is most strongly related to Sternberg's:

A)Intellectual ability
B)Componential ability
C)Experiential ability
D)Contextual ability

Question 24

Which of the following is not a sort of intelligence?

A)Bodily-kinaesthetic intelligence
B)Spatial intelligence
C)The Big Five intelligence dimension
D)Personal intelligence

Question 25

According to Goleman, emotional intelligence refers to the extent to which people:

A)Are self-aware, can manage their emotions, can motivate themselves, and can man-age situations
B)Are self-aware, aware of others, can manage their own emotions, and can manage the emotions of others
C)Are aware of the emotions of others, can manage the emotions of others, and can motivate others
D)None of these

Question 26

Which of the following is true?

A)IQ scores are mainly determined by the environment in which someone is raised
B)IQ scores can fluctuate over time
C)IQ scores often lack reliability
D)IQ scores are no more than an innate quality

Question 27

Culture-fair intelligence tests:

A)Attempt to neutralize the effects of forces that distinguish one culture or subculture from another
B)Attempt to measure the factors that reflect cultural background rather than innate ability
C)Result in an intelligence level that is computed using a formula correcting for the respondent's culture
D)None of these

Question 28

The first intelligence tests were devised by:

A)Guilford
B)Simon
C)Binet
D)Thurstone

Question 29

The early tests by Binet and Simon measured intelligence in terms of:

A)Physical age
B)Chronological age
C)Mental age
D)None of these

Question 30

The manipulation of the arrangement of blocks or pictures is part of the Wechsler:

A)Verbal scale
B)Performance scale
C)Three-dimensional scale
D)Spatial scale

Question 31

"It is possible to control my own moods" could be an item measuring:

A)Performance intelligence
B)Verbal intelligence
C)Social intelligence
D)Emotional intelligence

Question 32

Achievement differs from intelligence in that:

A)It refers to grasping interpersonal relations
B)It refers to a combination of intelligence and social status
C)It refers more specifically to knowledge and skills that are acquired through training
D)It refers to more general qualities of thinking