Deck 10: The Economy of Working Families: Balancing Mental, Physical, and Financial Health in the 21st Century

Question 1

A person who is ______ wants a full-time job but instead works part-time or at a job for which he or she is overqualified.

A) in poverty
B) underemployed
C) underpaid
D) underresourced

Answer 1

underemployed

Question 2

Which of the following is an economic trend since 2008?

A) The economies of developing nations are growing at a faster pace than those of western nations.
B) Many nations in the developed world are running budget surpluses.
C) The average U.S. family's income rose approximately 2% per year.
D) Unemployment rates gradually declined, although more women than men remained unemployed.

Answer 2

The economies of developing nations are growing at a faster pace than those of western nations.

Question 3

With industrialization and migration to cities in the 19th century, what social change happened for the first time?

A) There were a large number of poor people.
B) Rich and poor people lived in close proximity.
C) People worked for employers rather than for themselves.
D) Women stopped working for wages.

Answer 3

Rich and poor people lived in close proximity.

Question 4

Since which year has there been no relative increase in American family wealth?

A) 1929
B) 1946
C) 1973
D) 1988

Question 5

Infant girls who receive high levels of androgen exposure in utero tend to grow up to prefer ______.

A) female sex partners
B) male sex partners
C) traditionally female careers
D) traditionally male careers

Question 6

Which group of workers has experienced the greatest decline in wages over the past 30 years?

A) poor women
B) poor men
C) middle-income women
D) middle-income men

Question 7

Gay men tend to earn less money than ______.

A) heterosexual married men
B) heterosexual single men
C) heterosexual married women
D) heterosexual single women

Question 8

For every dollar African American men earn, African American women earn ______.

A) $0.76
B) $0.80
C) $0.83
D) $0.90

Question 9

In which country do people work the greatest number of hours per week?

A) United States
B) France
C) Japan
D) Austria

Question 10

Approximately what percentage of CEOs of Fortune 500 companies are women?

A) 4%
B) 8%
C) 30%
D) 50%

Question 11

Women make up what percentage of middle management positions?

A) 25%
B) 40%
C) 51%
D) 66%

Question 12

Which statement about children whose mothers work is CORRECT?

A) They tend to lag behind academically.
B) They often become delinquents in adolescence.
C) They have more trouble making friends than children whose mothers stay at home.
D) They often benefit from having a positive female role model.

Question 13

The invisible barrier that prevents women from receiving promotions and pay equity with men is referred to as the ______.

A) glass door
B) glass ceiling
C) wage maximum
D) gender struggle

Question 14

The term for discriminatory or differential treatment based on gender is ______.

A) gender integration
B) adrogynism
C) sexism
D) ethnocentrism

Question 15

Which profession includes the LOWEST percentage of women?

A) bus driver
B) doctor
C) dentist
D) airline pilot

Question 16

Attributing positive qualities to women in order to ensure their inferior status is referred to as ______.

A) androgyny
B) misogyny
C) benevolent sexism
D) benevolent androgyny

Question 17

Which worker is MOST likely to ride a glass escalator to a supervisory position in his or her profession?

A) a male doctor
B) a male nurse
C) a female doctor
D) a female nurse

Question 18

Which group of women has the highest rate of pay equity with men?

A) White women
B) women with children, age 28-37
C) women without children, age 28-37
D) Asian American women

Question 19

Which characteristic is NOT likely to be detrimental to a person's health?

A) internal locus of control
B) external locus of control
C) type A personality
D) over-commitment to work

Question 20

The three developed nations with the highest rates of child poverty are ______.

A) France, Germany, and Italy
B) the United Kingdom, France, and Germany
C) Australia, the United Kingdom, and France
D) the United States, Australia, and the United Kingdom

Question 21

The glass escalator is the practice of hiring or promoting a single woman or person of color in order to suggest a lack of bias in the workplace.

Question 22

Tokenism is a hypothetical pathway to the top of the career ladder, which is often "ridden" by men who engage in traditionally feminine careers.

Question 23

Members of the LGBT community seldom experience discrimination and lower wages in the workplace and are now, nationally, on par with heterosexual wage earnings.

Question 24

South Africa was the first country to include sexual orientation as a protected category in its constitution.

Question 25

In managerial positions, White managers are considered to be less effective leaders in the workplace than are managers of color.

Question 26

In the United States, wealthy families make seven times the income of middle-class families, compared to only 3.4 times in 1984.

Question 27

Because of expanding welfare programs, the number of children living in poverty has decreased dramatically in the past 40 years, with fewer in poverty today than in all U.S. history.

Question 28

Because of the ubiquity of Internet buying, cheap or free shipping, and competition from international companies, many U.S. companies have raised wages by over 20% across the board.

Question 29

Today in western nations, there are more women than men in both college and graduate school.

Question 30

Benevolent sexism means covert words or behaviors that express a denigration of women and ensure their continued inferiority.

Question 31

Men who endorse gender role stereotypes are surprisingly less likely to engage in sexual harassment in the workplace.

Question 32

Many women in companies with token hires in leadership positions are more likely to endorse the belief that if a woman only works hard enough, she can also reach high levels of success in the company.

Question 33

Americans work far more than people in other western countries yet we have higher rates of poverty.

Question 34

Netflix salaried employees receive 12 months of paid parental leave to take at their discretion.

Question 35

Employed women, even those who are married or are parents, have significantly lower sense of personal well-being than those who do not work; and suffer feelings of guilt for working.

Question 36

Today, about 80% of companies provide flextime, but many employees are still afraid to use it, for fear of being seen as less serious about their jobs.

Question 37

Type ______ personality consists of being extremely competitive, driven, and controlling, and more committed to work than to maintaining personal relationships.

Question 38

A(n) ______ is a world view wherein a person sees events as out of their hands, as being controlled by external forces.

Question 39

This is a personality style involving a happy, carefree approach to life.

Question 40

This term means that a person commits the vast majority of mental energy and time to work, to the point of isolating family and friends.

Question 41

This legislation, often referred to as ______, requires a standard pay scale for people of similar educational levels with similar job responsibilities and experience.

Question 42

A term that describes a loss of wages or benefits for employees, usually women, who take time off from work to care for children or elderly parents.

Question 43

These men also fear taking paternity leave because they might be labeled as being on the ______, meaning they are less committed to work, and might lose respect and opportunities for advancement.

Question 44

______ model of economic hardship is a model showing that when families experience economic or job stress, it spills over into marital/couple, and parent-child relationships.

Question 45

In general, women are ______ likely to receive a promotion if they work at the same job, have the same education, and the same experience as a man in that job.

Question 46

______ is differential or discriminatory treatment of women that is often combative in nature.

Question 47

Explain how influences at different levels (biological, microsystem, macrosystem) influence a person's career choice.

Question 48

Define the family process model of economic hardship and give an example of how it might be manifested in a family.

Question 49

Do you think that the United States would be more prosperous if we spent more on social welfare programs? Would switching to a social welfare model be beneficial to American competitiveness? Support your answer with examples from the chapter and other sources.

Question 50

What do research findings suggest about the relationship between day care and readiness for kindergarten? What policies might ensure better outcomes for all children?