Deck 9: Reproduction and Parenting

Question 1

Which method of contraception is as effective as the oral pill?

A) intramuscular injection
B) rhythm method
C) coitus interruptus
D) spermicidal jelly

Answer 1

intramuscular injection

Question 2

Which statement about childbirth in industrialized nations is CORRECT?

A) Male doctors began to attend women as early as the 12th century.
B) Maternal death rates fell dramatically with the discovery of antisepsis in the 18th century.
C) Throughout history, women gave birth at home, attended only by women.
D) By the 18th century, most women delivered their babies in hospitals.

Answer 2

Throughout history, women gave birth at home, attended only by women.

Question 3

After what age do women experience greater chances of infertility, miscarriage, and birth defects?

A) 25
B) 35
C) 45
D) 55

Answer 3

35

Question 4

Harmful agents, such as drugs, alcohol, toxic fumes, biohazards, lead, pollution, and radiation, that can cross the placenta and harm the fetus are called ______.

A) carcinogens
B) prenatal poisonings
C) teratogens
D) placenta-antagonists

Question 5

The role of HOX genes is to determine ______.

A) the sex of a child
B) the rate at which fetal body structures develop
C) which parent's genes will predominate
D) the order in which fetal body structures develop

Question 6

The structure that nourishes and protects a fetus during development is the ______.

A) placenta
B) ovary
C) zygote
D) oocyte

Question 7

When does the embryonic stage of development begin?

A) at conception
B) 6 days after conception
C) 2 weeks after conception
D) 2 months after conception

Question 8

Which of the following occurs during the fetal stage of development?

A) The heart begins to beat.
B) The spinal cord develops.
C) The brain begins to develop.
D) The entire body grows rapidly.

Question 9

A(n) ______ is a surgical incision made in a woman's perineal tissue to ease childbirth.

A) epidermal
B) episiotomy
C) epecitius
D) oophorectomy

Question 10

The purpose of the Lamaze method is to ______.

A) make labor and delivery painless
B) help women to take charge of labor
C) encourage partners to act as coaches
D) prevent medical intervention in labor

Question 11

A woman may suspect that she has postpartum depression when ______.

A) feelings of sadness and fatigue last for more than 2 weeks
B) she experiences mild feelings of sadness and fatigue right after childbirth
C) she experiences increased feelings of marital satisfaction
D) tension between her and her partner escalates after childbirth

Question 12

All of the following factors are associated with male infertility EXCEPT ______.

A) marijuana smoking
B) cancer
C) working in cold environments
D) alcohol and drug use

Question 13

Which statement about IVF (in vitro fertilization) is INCORRECT?

A) Using a donor egg and fresh sperm, the success rate approaches 50%.
B) Even if the embryo implants, most women eventually miscarry.
C) It is possible to choose the infant's sex with a high degree of accuracy.
D) Multiple births occur in 37% of cases in the United States.

Question 14

In which type of adoption are relatively older children usually adopted out of foster care?

A) open adoption
B) private adoption
C) public adoption
D) international adoption

Question 15

The most important implication of neural plasticity for human development is that

A) children can easily overcome negative influences that occur early in life.
B) children's brains adapt to the setting in which they have their early experiences.
C) young children learn languages more easily than adults.
D) the brain is continually adding neurons during the first 3 years of life.

Question 16

Breastfeeding during the first year of life has been linked to ______.

A) higher IQs during childhood
B) lower stress during childhood
C) insecure bonds with fathers during infancy
D) lower weight gain during adolescence

Question 17

Which parenting style is high on warmth/responsiveness but low on control/demandingness?

A) authoritative
B) authoritarian
C) permissive/indulgent
D) neglectful

Question 18

Which parenting style is high on warmth/responsiveness and also high on control/demandingness?

A) authoritative
B) authoritarian
C) permissive/indulgent
D) neglectful

Question 19

Approximately what percentage of single parents are single fathers?

A) 5%
B) 30%
C) 45%
D) 60%

Question 20

Research on children who grow up in LGBT homes reveals all of the following EXCEPT that ______.

A) sons of gay males have the most difficulty accepting their parents' coming out.
B) outcomes are similar to those of straight families with similar socioeconomic backgrounds.
C) having two parents, regardless of sexual orientation, leads to better outcomes.
D) children from LGBT homes embrace gender and racial stereotypes more readily than children of straight parents.

Question 21

Postpartum depression symptoms include feeling sad, hopeless, and overwhelmed.

Question 22

MRIs are medical procedures that increase the chances that a couple can have children.

Question 23

In vitro fertilization: The introduction of sperm into the vagina to aid in fertilization.

Question 24

Artificial insemination: The introduction of a zygote or blastocyst into the uterus to increase the chances of pregnancy.

Question 25

Preimplantation genetic diagnosis is an optional procedure occurring during in vitro fertilization where genetic disorders are screened out and only healthy embryos implanted.

Question 26

Microsort sperm sorting: An optional procedure occurring during in vitro fertilization where chromosomes are marked with dye so that gender selection of babies can take place before implantation.

Question 27

Private adoption is foster care with biological family members who are not the child's parents.

Question 28

Kinship care is when a birth mother decides to give up her newborn or infant and work with an agency and/or attorney to help her choose a suitable family to adopt.

Question 29

International adoptions are adoptions conducted across country lines; usually western parents adopting children from developing nations.

Question 30

Post-adoption depression syndrome can occur in men or women and has the same symptoms as postpartum depression.

Question 31

Cognitive plasticity refers to the brain's ability to absorb information from the environment and organize its own functioning to work well in that specific type of environment.

Question 32

Concerted cultivation is a socialization principle used by middle-class parents to cultivate their children's individuality, self-confidence, and independent thinking.

Question 33

Concerted cultivation is an ideology that drives parents' plans for their children's future and influences the parenting tactics they implement.

Question 34

Aloof fathers are dads who follow traditional gender stereotypes and expect to contribute to their family mainly by providing material goods.

Question 35

Planned same-sex families are gay or lesbian families that contain children who were born into previous heterosexual unions; these children have experienced divorce and a parent's "coming out."

Question 36

Divorced same-sex families are gay or lesbian families that planned to have children together in their union.

Question 37

The egg has a fertile life of about ______ hr.

Question 38

______ cause the most damage during the first trimester of pregnancy when all of the major organ structures are forming in the embryo.

Question 39

______ genes are a set of 39 genes that determine the order in which a baby's body structures develop in the womb.

Question 40

______ is the name for the newly created being that is formed when sperm meets egg.

Question 41

This is vascularly rich organ that attaches to the uterus and provides a baby with nutrients while protecting it from waste and toxins.

Question 42

This new being, a fluid-filled sphere of layered cells, called the ______, continues to travel down the fallopian tubes to the uterus, where it will implant into the uterine lining.

Question 43

Men often show pregnancy symptoms like weight gain, cravings, and backaches, known as sympathy pregnancy and the term for this is ______.

Question 44

This is the last stage of prenatal development when no new structures form; growth and refinement of existing structures take place.

Question 45

In a procedure called ______, doctors snipped the mother's perineum, the flesh at the bottom of the vaginal opening, to allow a quicker delivery of the baby.

Question 46

______ is a surgical procedure that removes a baby from its mother's womb by cutting directly into the uterus.

Question 47

In what way are most children today treated better than they were in the past? What do you think is the primary reason for this?

Question 48

What are the factors that lead to stress in both mothers and fathers after childbirth? How can these factors be ameliorated?

Question 49

Discuss the various means of assisted fertility covered in the chapter, including adoption. Do you think more or less regulation is required? What new legislation might make the adoption system more rational?

Question 50

Discuss the positive and negative effects of neural plasticity on human social and cognitive development.