Deck 7: Hypotheses and Research Questions

Question 1

What type(s) of research typically use hypotheses?

A) Qualitative and Critical studies
B) Quantitative studies
C) Qualitative and quantitative studies

Answer 1

Quantitative studies

Question 2

For what purpose is a research questions used?

A) It is written to explore processes
B) It is written to test the relationship between two variables
C) It is written to describe experiences
D) It is the focus of your study
E) It could do all of the above

Answer 2

It could do all of the above

Question 3

What is a "null hypothesis"?

A) A hypothesis that cannot be verified
B) A hypothesis that states there is no relationship between variables
C) A hypothesis that states there is no significant effect of an independent variable on a dependent variable
D) B and C

Answer 3

B and C

Question 4

Which of the following is a null hypothesis?

A) There is no relationship between employees' age and their salary
B) The older employees are the more they are paid
C) There is a difference between older and younger employees' salaries
D) None of the above

Question 5

What is a research hypothesis?

A) A hypothesis that proposes an independent variable has a significant effect on a dependent variable
B) A hypothesis that states a difference/relationship exists
C) A hypothesis that states there is no relationship between variables
D) A and B

Question 6

Why would a non-directional hypothesis NOT be used?

A) It tests the significance of the relationship/difference between two or more variables
B) It can be used if researchers do not have enough evidence to make a specific prediction about the direction of the relationship/difference
C) It is more exploratory than directional hypotheses
D) It tests the cause-and-effect relationship between variables
E) It could be used in all cases

Question 7

Which of the following are non-directional hypotheses?

A) There is a difference between the salary of men and women
B) There is a relation between time spent exercising and wellbeing
C) The more you practice public speaking the less apprehensive you become
D) A and B
E) All of the above

Question 8

Which of the following is NOT a directional hypothesis?

A) Will female college students exercise more than male college students?
B) Female college students will exercise more than male college students.
C) Employees with University degrees will earn more than employees without University degree.
D) Adults who took speech communication classes will be less apprehensive to talk in public

Question 9

Which of the following hypotheses are research hypotheses?

A) Directional hypotheses
B) Non-directional hypotheses
C) Causal hypotheses
D) All of the above

Question 10

Which of the following hypotheses can be considered "good"?

A) There is life outside from Earth
B) There is a relationship between level of religiosity and church attendance
C) How are eating disorders related to obesity?

Question 11

Which of the following criteria are elements of a good hypothesis?

A) A hypothesis should be a question
B) A hypothesis should posit an expected relationship between variables
C) It should be based on literature
D) B and C
E) All of the above

Question 12

Which of the following is NOT a criterion for a good research question?

A) It should be in the form of a question
B) It should be based on literature
C) It should be succinct
D) It should be short

Question 13

Which of the following steps in research apply to all paradigms?

A) Writing a literature review
B) Considering the amount of error
C) Writing non directional hypotheses
D) All of the above

Question 14

According to the Central Limit Theorem:

A) Larger samples tend to be more normally distributed
B) Random selection the most preferred selection technique
C) Larger sample are more representative of the population
D) All of the above

Question 15

What is a "bell curve"?

A) An asymmetrical distribution
B) A distribution skewed in some way
C) A symmetrical distribution
D) A distribution with a single peak at the mean
E) C and D

Question 16

Which of the following statement about standard deviation (SD) is NOT true?

A) The SD is the average distance between a score (measurement) and the mean
B) The SD is always negative
C) A larger SD represents more variability in the distribution
D) The SD can be negative or positive

Question 17

What does "p ? .05" tell about the results?

A) There is more than a 5% chance that the null hypothesis is true
B) There is less than a 5% chance that the null hypothesis is true
C) We are not sure there is something going on
D) All of the above

Question 18

Why are normal distribution and standard error important?

A) They indicate how similar our sample is to the population
B) They help us see if the distribution is skewed in some ways
C) They help us determine the outcome of our hypothesis or research question testing
D) All of the above

Question 19

How do hypotheses and research questions differ from one another?

Question 20

You are studying the eating habits of students who use the University cafeteria on a daily basis. Write a directional, non-directional and null hypothesis.

Question 21

Write two non-directional and directional hypotheses and their equivalent as research questions.

Question 22

How do directional and non-directional hypotheses differ? In which case is it better to use directional hypotheses?

Question 23

Why are causal hypotheses difficult to prove?

Question 24

What makes a good hypothesis and a good research question? Write at least one good example and one bad example for each.

Question 25

Why is the Central Limit Theorem essential to testing hypothesis?