Deck 2: The Development of a New Pattern of Thinking

Question 1

The term "restorative justice" refers primarily to:

A) A theory of crime and justice.
B) A set of practical principles to guide programs.
C) Various processes for handling harms and conflicts.
D) All of the above.

Answer 1

All of the above.

Question 2

Which of the following is NOT a contributing movement in the development of restorative justice:

A) Determinate sentencing.
B) Prison abolition.
C) Civil rights.
D) Indigenous justice.

Answer 2

Determinate sentencing.

Question 3

The early movement for the rights of people harmed by crime had this aim:

A) To increase services to crime victims.
B) To increase the likelihood of restitution.
C) To increase access to information and involvement in the criminal justice system.
D) All of the above.

Answer 3

All of the above.

Question 4

Which of the following was NOT one of the early explorers of restorative justice?

A) Martin Wright.
B) Howard Zehr.
C) Kofi Annan.
D) Wesley Cragg.

Question 5

The book, Changing Lenses, says the current criminal justice "lens" views crime as lawbreaking and justice as allocating blame and punishment. This is contrasted with restorative justice, which views crime and justice primarily this way:

A) A type of addiction that requires treatment.
B) The result of poverty and poor education requiring government intervention.
C) Violation of people and relationships creating obligations to make things right.
D) None of the above.

Question 6

Nils Christie argued that conflict should not "belong" to the parties in conflict, but rather is owned by their communities.

Question 7

The prison abolition movement was started by people who concluded that prisons not only failed to rehabilitate, they were also places of suffering.

Question 8

The US government's war on drugs and crime was effective in reducing both crime and incarceration rates.

Question 9

"Reintegrative shaming" is the term John Braithwaite used to describe the nature of punishment.

Question 10

Indigenous peoples in many communities once had their own customary or traditional approaches to justice prior to, or alongside Western criminal justice systems.

Question 11

The goal of restorative justice is to address the harm done through wrongdoing in a way that respects, actively includes, and benefits the parties and other stakeholders.

Question 12

Marlene A. Young's proposal for "restorative community justice," included program elements such as community prosecution and community courts.