Question 1

An example of an intermediate sentencing sanction would be:&#10;A) A fine&#10;B) Intensive supervision probation&#10;C) An open-ended prison term with possibility of parole&#10;D) A mandatory prison term without possibility of parole&#10;E) Either B or C

Accepted Answer

Intermediate sentencing sanctions are alternatives to incarceration, such as intensive supervision probation, which is more restrictive than regular probation but less severe than prison.

Question 2

Community-based sentences enable offenders to avoid:&#10;A) Having a criminal record&#10;B) The stigma and labeling of a court conviction&#10;C) Supporting their family&#10;D) Losing their freedom&#10;E) A and B

Accepted Answer

Losing their freedom&#10;

Question 3

Today, presentence investigation reports are primarily used to:&#10;A) Promote more progressive social policy trends&#10;B) Capture detailed background information on the offender&#10;C) Reduce the growth of correctional caseloads&#10;D) Determine the offender's prior record&#10;E) Identify which inmates will be eligible for parole

Accepted Answer

Determine the offender's prior record&#10;

Question 4

An example of an indeterminate sentencing sanction would be:&#10;A) Victim restitution&#10;B) Intensive supervision probation&#10;C) An open-ended prison term with possibility of parole&#10;D) A mandatory prison term without possibility of parole&#10;E) A or B

Accepted Answer

An open-ended prison term with possibility of parole is an example of an indeterminate sentencing sanction because it does not specify a fixed duration but rather a range within which the actual release date is determined by parole boards or other authorities based on the inmate's behavior and rehabilitation progress.

Question 5

Sentencing guidelines have primarily been designed to:&#10;A) Impose harsher penalties for criminal offenses&#10;B) Create complete uniformity in sentencing practices&#10;C) Achieve greater equity and rationality in sentencing&#10;D) A and B&#10;E) All of the above

Accepted Answer

Sentencing guidelines are primarily designed to achieve greater equity and rationality in sentencing by providing a framework that helps ensure consistency and fairness in the penalties imposed for similar crimes, while still allowing for some judicial discretion.

Question 6

Mandatory minimum sentencing policies have:&#10;A) Expanded judicial discretion&#10;B) Resulted in greater numbers of minorities being incarcerated&#10;C) Shifted correctional funding toward rehabilitation initiatives&#10;D) A and B&#10;E) All of the above

Accepted Answer

Mandatory minimum sentencing policies have been criticized for reducing judicial discretion and disproportionately affecting minority populations, leading to higher incarceration rates among these groups. They typically do not expand judicial discretion or shift funding toward rehabilitation initiatives.

Question 7

Judicial discretion has been limited by:&#10;A) Mandatory minimum sentencing policies&#10;B) Determinate sentencing policies&#10;C) Indeterminate sentencing policies&#10;D) Truth-in-sentencing policies&#10;E) A and B

Accepted Answer

Mandatory minimum sentencing policies and determinate sentencing policies limit judicial discretion by setting fixed sentencing standards or ranges that judges must follow, reducing their ability to tailor sentences based on the circumstances of each case.

Question 8

Truth in sentencing would best be described as assuring that:&#10;A) The offender receives the most equitable and rational sentence possible&#10;B) The truth of indeterminate sentencing outweighs that of determinate sentencing&#10;C) Correctional officials devote approximately equivalent resources to rehabilitation and retribution&#10;D) Offenders receive the truth concerning when it can be expected that they will be released from incarceration&#10;E) The sentence that is imposed by the court matches the time that is served by the offender

Accepted Answer

Truth in sentencing refers to policies that aim to ensure that the sentence imposed by the court is closely aligned with the actual time served by the offender, reducing discrepancies between the two.

Question 9

Public policies that emphasize restorative justice:&#10;A) Attempt to balance the interests of relevant stakeholders&#10;B) Attempt to standardize sentencing practices in accordance with the crime that was committed&#10;C) Are compatible with determinate sentences and truth in sentencing&#10;D) A and B&#10;E) All of the above

Accepted Answer

Restorative justice focuses on balancing the interests of the victim, the offender, and the community, rather than standardizing sentencing or strictly adhering to determinate sentences and truth in sentencing principles.

Question 10

Retribution is justified on the basis that it:&#10;A) Reforms the offender&#10;B) Balances the wrong done to the victim&#10;C) Helps the offender reintegrate into society&#10;D) Is less harsh than the death penalty&#10;E) A and D

Accepted Answer

Retribution is justified on the basis that it balances the wrong done to the victim by ensuring that the offender receives a punishment proportionate to the crime, focusing on the moral balance rather than reform or reintegration.

Question 11

At various times, retribution has taken the form of:&#10;A) Imprisonment&#10;B) Mutilation&#10;C) Victim compensation&#10;D) A and B&#10;E) All of the above

Accepted Answer

The answer of At various times, retribution has taken the...

Question 12

A significant problem with basing sentencing on general deterrence is that it is:&#10;A) Designed to deter future criminal behavior of the offender, but does not send a warning to others who might engage in similar behavior&#10;B) Unfair to sentence an offender to the wide-ranging indeterminate prison terms associated with general deterrence&#10;C) Not accepted by most judges and thus rarely used&#10;D) Inequitable to severely punish one offender in order to send a message to others&#10;E) Singling out certain offenders for more lenient treatment than others who commit similar crimes

Accepted Answer

The answer of A significant problem with basing sentencing on...

Question 13

The ethical issue raised by selective incapacitation involves the difficulty of:&#10;A) Preparing a presentence investigation&#10;B) Accurately predicting future behavior&#10;C) Deterring others who might be considering similar behavior&#10;D) Identifying an appropriate parole date&#10;E) Determining how to treat the offender in a correctional institution

Accepted Answer

The answer of The ethical issue raised by selective incapacitation...

Question 14

Since the U.S. embarked on a strategy of collective incapacitation, the results have included:&#10;A) A significant reduction in crime rates&#10;B) A reduction in imprisonment rates&#10;C) An increase in imprisonment rates&#10;D) No change in imprisonment rates&#10;E) A and B

Accepted Answer

The answer of Since the U.S. embarked on a strategy...

Question 15

The rehabilitative approach is most closely associated with:&#10;A) Selective incapacitation&#10;B) Collective incapacitation&#10;C) Determinate sentencing&#10;D) Indeterminate sentencing&#10;E) Sentencing guidelines

Accepted Answer

The answer of The rehabilitative approach is most closely associated...

Question 16

The issue of sentencing equity has primarily been raised with regard to:&#10;A) Determinate sentencing&#10;B) Indeterminate sentencing&#10;C) Reintegration&#10;D) A and C&#10;E) B and C

Accepted Answer

The answer of The issue of sentencing equity has primarily...

Question 17

The impact of the Martinson report was to:&#10;A) Reduce overcrowding in correctional institutions&#10;B) Provide better conditions in prisons and jails&#10;C) Challenge the effectiveness of inmate treatment programs&#10;D) Change from determinate to indeterminate sentencing practices&#10;E) All of the above

Accepted Answer

The answer of The impact of the Martinson report was...

Question 18

Reintegration is necessary in order to:&#10;A) Better protect the community&#10;B) Help the offender adjust following confinement&#10;C) Provide more sentencing options&#10;D) A and B&#10;E) All of the above

Accepted Answer

The answer of Reintegration is necessary in order to:&#10;A) Better...

Question 19

Identify the statements below as descriptive of one of the correctional goals listed. (Each statement has only one answer, but options may be used more than once.)

-Has been criticized on the basis that, although needs of individual offenders differ, it employed virtually the same technique with everyone.