Deck 4: Charismatic and Transformational Approaches

Question 1

The __________ approach to leadership focuses on personality and places a strong emphasis on leadership traits.

A) Charismatic
B) Transactional
C) Transformational
D) All of the above

Answer 1

Charismatic

Question 2

__________ proposed a theory of charismatic leadership which focuses is on how charisma is attributed to leaders.

A) Conger and Kanugo
B) Posner and Bass
C) Kouzes and Posner
D) Tichy and Devanna

Answer 2

Conger and Kanugo

Question 3

During periods of relative tranquility charismatic leaders can play a major role in fostering the need for change by:

A) Creating the deficiencies
B) Exaggerating existing minor deficiencies
C) Creating a sense of crisis for their personal advancement
D) All of the above

Answer 3

All of the above

Question 4

Because of their __________ charismatic leaders are always seen as organizational reformers of entrepreneurs.

A) willingness to be perceived as unconventional
B) emphasis on deficiencies in the system
C) willingness to take personal risk
D) interest in leading others to a better future

Question 5

Considering the charismatic leadership causal chain, which of the following performance goals is not included?

A) Follower satisfaction with the leader
B) Production efficiency
C) Group cohesion
D) External alignment

Question 6

Considering the charismatic leadership causal chain, the leadership styles include all of the following except:

A) Noncharismatic
B) Good charismatic
C) Bad charismatic
D) Transformational

Question 7

Success of the charismatic behaviors by the leader are dependent on all of the following except:

A) Vision based on external assessments
B) External alignment
C) Realistic estimate of the environment
D) Ability to inspire trust and confidence

Question 8

Tichy and Devanna's transformational leadership style includes three stages. Which of the following is not one of those stages?

A) Recognize the need for revitalization
B) Create shared values
C) Create a new vision
D) Institutionalize change

Question 9

Tichy and Devanna's transformational leadership model includes two leader styles. They are the transformational style and the __________ style.

A) Laissez-faire
B) Transactional
C) Managerial
D) Management by exception

Question 10

Which of the transformational leadership theorists uses an approach based on practices from more than 1,300 managers that has pragmatic appeal, but does not provide a true theory for rigid testing?

A) Kouzes and Posner
B) Conger and Kanungo
C) Bass
D) Tichy and Devanna

Question 11

Considering the casual chain, which of the transformational leadership theorists identifies a transformational style that specifies modeling the way and encouraging the heart?

A) Kouzes and Posner
B) Conger and Kanungo
C) Bass
D) Tichy and Devanna

Question 12

Kouzes and Posner's transactional leadership style is characterized by five practices. Which of the following practice pertains to find your voice by recognizing contributions and celebrating accomplishments:

A) Challenging the process
B) Encouraging the heart
C) Enabling others to act
D) Inspiring a shared vision

Question 13

Kouzes and Posner's transactional leadership style is characterized by five practices. Which of the following practice pertains to setting the example and planning small wins?

A) Modeling the way
B) Encouraging the heart
C) Enabling others to act
D) Inspiring a shared vision

Question 14

Which of the transformational leadership theorists advocates a continuum of styles?

A) Kouzes and Posner
B) Conger and Kanungo
C) Bass
D) Tichy and Devanna

Question 15

In Bass's continuum of leadership styles, the __________ style is characterized by utilizing mistakes or deviations from standards as corrective opportunities.

A) Laissez-faire
B) Management by exception
C) Transactional
D) Transformational

Question 16

In Bass's continuum of leadership styles, the __________ factor for success as a transformational element is characterized by transcending self-interest.

A) Individualized consideration
B) Idealized influence
C) Intellectual stimulation
D) Inspirational motivation

Question 17

In Bass's continuum of leadership styles, the __________ factor for success as a transformational element is characterized by professional and personal support.

A) Individualized consideration
B) Idealized influence
C) Intellectual stimulation
D) Inspirational motivation

Question 18

Transactional leaders rely heavily on all of the following types of power except:

A) Legitimate
B) Position
C) Reward
D) Referent

Question 19

Transactional theories strongly emphasize all of the following except:

A) Monitoring
B) Operations planning
C) Developing staff
D) Vision articulation

Question 20

Transformational theories do not neglect, but downplay the __________ behavior.

A) Strategic planning
B) Monitoring
C) Networking
D) Delegating

Question 21

Max Weber (1930), provided insight into the charismatic, or personality-based leadership. The word charismatic is derived from the Greek word charisma, meaning to have the gift of God's grace and was used in religious contexts to suggest divinely inspired talents such as prophesying.

Question 22

Charismatic approaches show little interest in leader traits, such as mystique, and cultural expectations.

Question 23

In some cases, contextual factors so overwhelmingly favor transformation that a leader can take advantage of them by advocating radical changes for the system.

Question 24

During periods of relative tranquility, charismatic leaders play a major role in fostering the need for change by creating the deficiencies or exaggerating existing minor ones.

Question 25

Because of their opposition to the status quo, charismatic leaders are willing to be perceived by many (initially) as conventional and identifying prevailing values.

Question 26

Because charismatic leaders enjoy position and expert power as well as enormous personal power, this provides opportunities to use their power in self-serving ways.

Question 27

The Tichy and Devanna transformational leadership theory provides for three styles: a managerial style, a charismatic style and a transformational style.

Question 28

Kouzes and Posner's transformational leadership style is based on five major best practices each composed of two commitments that they identified in their survey of over 1,300 managers.

Question 29

Kouzes and Posner's final practice involves "encouraging the heart." It is a supportive style composed of recognizing contributions and celebrating accomplishments. They assert that other researchers found this to be the most important practice, and one that leaders themselves mentioned in 91 percent of the cases studied.

Question 30

Bass asserts that transformational leadership is a widespread phenomenon across levels of management, types of organizations, and around the globe. It is therefore a universal theory without contingency factors.

Question 31

According to Bass, extensive use of management-by-exception creates fear and intimidation and discourages initiative and creativity.

Question 32

Bass identifies four transformational elements that are generally present in successful change initiatives. While these elements would normally be provided by the leader, they could also be provided by colleagues.

Question 33

Both transactional and transformational researchers are interested in executives, political leaders, and social leaders in relatively open systems.

Question 34

Transactional researchers have largely assumed expert power and tended to ignore referent power (power based on personality and likability.

Question 35

Transformational researchers emphasize stimulating individuals' interest in group productivity and organizational success.

Question 36

Briefly describe the three major studies that preceded the charismatic and transformational theories that were developed in the 1980s and discussed in the text.

Question 37

Conger and Kanungo include the misuse of the charismatic style in their theory. Describe how the negative charismatic style can develop.

Question 38

Explain the different emphasis of the three transformational leadership models (Tichy and Devanna, Kouzes and Posner, and Bass).

Question 39

Describe the management-by-exception style used in the Bass full range theory.

Question 40

Describe the different theoretical emphasis of transactional and transformational researchers.