Deck 32: Psychopathology and Its Causes, and Treating Psychopathology

Question 1

Response shaping is a procedure that can be used to:

A) alter behaviours based on unconscious conflicts.
B) only shape behaviours which are socially desirable.
C) encourage new behaviours that are not already occurring at a reasonable frequency.
D) identify defence mechanisms.

Answer 1

encourage new behaviours that are not already occurring at a reasonable frequency.

Question 2

Clark's (1986, 1988) theory of catastrophic misinterpretation of bodily sensations suggests that individuals:

A) have a cognitive bias towards accepting the more threatening interpretation of their sensations.
B) are more likely to develop heart disease.
C) are less able to determine when they are sickening for something.
D) are less likely to seek treatment from medical professionals.

Answer 2

have a cognitive bias towards accepting the more threatening interpretation of their sensations.

Question 3

In GAD, worrying is closely associated with the catastrophizing of worries, which means:

A) worry bouts persist for longer in GAD.
B) they are associated with increasing levels of anxiety and distress as the bout continues.
C) worrying seems to make the problem worse rather than better.
D) All of the above.

Answer 3

All of the above.

Question 4

In obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) compulsions are:

A) repetitive or ritualized behaviour patterns that the individual feels driven to perform in order to prevent some negative outcome happening.
B) repetitive thoughts about harming or distressing others
C) overwhelming desires to behave in an inappropriate fashion.
D) ritualized worrying about negative outcome of events.

Question 5

In OCD one of the most important dysfunctional beliefs has been defined as inflated responsibility. This is:

A) the belief that one has power which is pivotal to bring about or prevent subjectively crucial negative outcomes.
B) an inability to take responsibility for one's actions.
C) delusions of grandeur.
D) an increased sense of self importance.

Question 6

Beck's cognitive theory of depression argues that people have negative views of:

A) the world, themselves, and their families.
B) the world, themselves and their future.
C) the world, their future and their friends.
D) their future, their families, and their friends.

Question 7

Attributional theories of depression argue that people will become depressed if they attribute losses and failures to:

A) stable and global causes.
B) internal and unstable causes.
C) specific and stable causes.
D) external and unstable causes.

Question 8

Which of the following is not a recognized sub-type of schizophrenia?

A) Disorganized schizophrenia
B) Catatonic schizophrenia
C) Emotional schizophrenia
D) Residual schizophrenia

Question 9

Research suggests that schizophrenia consists of an inherited vulnerability to the disorder, but that it is only triggered when stressful life events are experienced at particular critical ages. This is known as:

A) a diathesis-stress model.
B) a dual-level model.
C) a two-component model.
D) a mixed model.

Question 10

Concordance studies have helped researchers to understand how which of the following factors contribute to schizophrenia?

A) Family relationships
B) Genetic factors
C) Learning
D) Stressful life events

Question 11

Symptoms of schizophrenia have been related to excess activity of which brain neurotransmitter?

A) Serotonin
B) Norepinephrine
C) Dopamine
D) Acetylcholine

Question 12

Which of the following are examples of diagnosable personality disorders?

A) Paranoid personality disorder
B) Antisocial personality disorder
C) Borderline personality disorder
D) All of the above

Question 13

Which of the following is a DSM-IV-TR diagnostic criterion for the eating disorder anorexia nervosa?

A) Refusal to maintain body weight at or above 85 per cent of normal weight for age and height.
B) Intense fear of gaining weight or becoming fat.
C) Disturbances in normal perception of one's body shape.
D) All of the above.

Question 14

Which of the following are components of a biopsychosocial model of eating disorders?

A) Cultural and family factors.
B) Individual experiences and psychological factors.
C) Family influences and individual experiences.
D) All of the above.

Question 15

Expressed emotion (EE) in families has been shown to cause which of the following?

A) High levels of relapse and faster re-hospitalization in individuals who have experienced episodes of schizophrenia.
B) High levels of anxiety in the families of individuals diagnosed with schizophrenia.
C) High levels of violence in individuals diagnosed with schizophrenia.
D) Rapid recovery from psychotic symptoms in those individuals with schizophrenia.