Deck 21: Attitudes, Persuasion and Attitude Change

Question 1

Attitudes cannot be:

A) inferred.
B) directly observed.
C) measured directly.
D) measured indirectly.

Answer 1

directly observed.

Question 2

Which of the following is NOT one of the key functions of attitudes?

A) Maintenance of self-esteem function
B) Utilitarian function
C) Social identity function
D) Language function

Answer 2

Language function

Question 3

The three dimensions of attitude are:

A) affect, behaviour and cognition.
B) beliefs, behaviour and conformity.
C) affect, compliance and attraction.
D) love, attachment and craving.

Answer 3

affect, behaviour and cognition.

Question 4

For attitudes, the behavioural component is concerned with:

A) actual behaviour.
B) intended behaviour.
C) accidental behaviour.
D) bad behaviour.

Question 5

To study how far people have an automatic preference for members of the groups to which they belong over other groups, Greenwald et al (1998) invented which test?

A) The implicit dissociation test
B) The affective Simon task
C) The Stroop test
D) The implicit association test

Question 6

Which of the following does NOT describe how attitudes develop?

A) Through mere exposure
B) Through associative learning
C) Through genetic transfer
D) Through self-perception

Question 7

The more we see something the more we seem to like it is known as the:

A) mere exposure effect.
B) Ringlemann effect.
C) actor-observer effect.
D) self-perception effect.

Question 8

An example of an indirect measure of attitudes is:

A) the Likert scale.
B) the semantic differential scale.
C) the Guttman Scale.
D) the implicit association test.

Question 9

A test that fools people into declaring their 'real' attitudes is:

A) the bogus pipeline technique.
B) the lost letter technique.
C) the implicit association test.
D) the Likert scale.

Question 10

The theory of planned behaviour states that the three immediate antecedents of behavioural intention are:

A) attitude, beliefs and expectancy.
B) attitude, subjective norm and perceived behavioural control.
C) beliefs, subjective norm and perceived behavioural control.
D) expectancy, attitude and perceived behavioural control.

Question 11

The theory that suggests that people are motivated to maintain an equilibrium between their beliefs and behaviour is:

A) the consistency theory.
B) the self-perception theory.
C) the attribution theory.
D) the cognitive theory.

Question 12

Balance theory was proposed by:

A) Festinger
B) Bem
C) Heider
D) Bargh

Question 13

The induced compliance experiment was designed to test which theory of attitude change?

A) Self-perception theory
B) Balance theory
C) Attribution theory
D) Cognitive dissonance theory.

Question 14

The reduction of dissonance by people justifying their own behaviour when there are no external rewards available is called the:

A) actor-observer effect.
B) cognitive dissonance effect.
C) expectancy-confirmation effect.
D) self-serving bias.

Question 15

The first major research programme on persuasion was conducted at:

A) Oxford University.
B) Harvard University.
C) Yale University.
D) Sussex University.

Question 16

Persuasion models that suggest two routes available to an individual when cognitively processing a persuasive communication are known as:

A) dual route models.
B) multiple route models.
C) unidimensional models.
D) multidimensional models.

Question 17

Central and peripheral processing routes are characteristic of which persuasion model or theory?

A) Elaboration likelihood model.
B) Heuristic systematic model.
C) Fear appeals model.
D) Theory of planned behaviour.

Question 18

Which of the following are key predictors of central processing?

A) Decreased motivation, decreased processing ability.
B) Decreased motivation, increased processing ability.
C) Increased motivation, increased processing ability.
D) Increased motivation, decreased processing ability.

Question 19

In the heuristic systematic model the observation that heuristic and systematic processing may both be active is called the:

A) sufficiency principle.
B) co-occurrence hypothesis.
C) ultimate attribution error.
D) elaboration principle.

Question 20

The relationship between levels of fear and attitude change is called the:

A) inverted U-shaped curve hypothesis.
B) sufficiency principle.
C) correspondence hypothesis.
D) MODE model.