Question 1

Who said 'psychology has a long past, but its real history is short'?&#10;A) William James&#10;B) Wilhelm Wundt&#10;C) Hermann Ebbinghaus&#10;D) John Watson

Accepted Answer

Hermann Ebbinghaus made this statement to highlight the contrast between the ancient origins of questions about the mind and the relatively recent development of psychology as a scientific discipline.

Question 2

What is reflexive discourse?&#10;A) Talking to others.&#10;B) Theorizing about human nature.&#10;C) Talking to one's self.&#10;D) Thinking about one's self.

Accepted Answer

Theorizing about human nature.&#10;

Question 3

What advance encouraged the view of human nature as amenable to scientific investigation?&#10;A) The theory of evolution.&#10;B) Wundt's experimental psychology laboratory.&#10;C) Phrenology&#10;D) Comparative psychology

Accepted Answer

The theory of evolution, proposed by Charles Darwin, suggested that humans are part of the natural world and subject to the same scientific principles as other species. This encouraged the view that human nature could be studied and understood through scientific methods.

Question 4

Which of the following is not recognized as an early school of psychology?&#10;A) Structuralism&#10;B) Functionalism&#10;C) Gestalt&#10;D) Associationism

Accepted Answer

Associationism is not recognized as an early school of psychology in the same way that Structuralism, Functionalism, and Gestalt psychology are. Associationism is more of a philosophical concept or theory about how ideas connect in the mind, rather than a distinct school of psychology with a comprehensive framework for understanding human behavior and mental processes.

Question 5

Which of the following is not an assumption of the behaviourist approach?&#10;A) That behaviour is the result of learned associations between stimulus and response.&#10;B) That psychology should focus on observable behaviour.&#10;C) That active mental processes guide behaviour.&#10;D) That the environment is sufficient to explain behaviour.

Accepted Answer

The behaviourist approach assumes that behaviour is primarily the result of learned associations and environmental influences, focusing on observable behaviour rather than internal mental processes. Therefore, it does not assume that active mental processes guide behaviour.

Question 6

What long-term impact has behaviourism had on psychology?&#10;A) It showed that mental processing was unimportant.&#10;B) It developed a standard scientific methodology.&#10;C) It emphasized environmental determinism.&#10;D) It has explained a wide range of complex behaviours.

Accepted Answer

Behaviourism contributed to psychology by developing a standard scientific methodology, emphasizing observable and measurable behaviors, which laid the groundwork for experimental psychology.

Question 7

Which of the following components of personality in psychodynamic approaches represents the conscience?&#10;A) The psyche&#10;B) The ego&#10;C) The id&#10;D) The superego

Accepted Answer

The superego represents the conscience in psychodynamic approaches, incorporating the moral standards and values learned from parents and society.

Question 8

Which defence mechanism pushes material into the unconscious?&#10;A) Repression&#10;B) Displacement&#10;C) Denial&#10;D) Reaction formation

Accepted Answer

Repression is the defense mechanism that pushes threatening or disturbing thoughts, feelings, or memories into the unconscious mind to keep them out of conscious awareness.

Question 9

Which of the following criticisms has been levelled at psychodynamic approaches?&#10;A) They have not produced sufficient theories.&#10;B) They are too complex for everyday people to understand.&#10;C)They are methodologically weak and hence unscientific.&#10;D) They have not led to useful therapeutic techniques.

Accepted Answer

Psychodynamic approaches have been criticized for being methodologically weak and lacking scientific rigor, making them difficult to empirically test and validate.

Question 10

What does the humanistic approach emphasize in understanding human psychology?&#10;A) Determinism&#10;B) Free will&#10;C) Positivism&#10;D) Objectivity

Accepted Answer

The humanistic approach emphasizes free will, focusing on the individual's capacity for personal growth, freedom to choose their destiny, and the importance of understanding the person's subjective experience.

Question 11

How did Rogers suggest that people achieve actualization?&#10;A) By being selfish.&#10;B) Through fulfilling all levels of a hierarchy of needs.&#10;C) Through dream analysis.&#10;D) Through matching the ideal self to the perceived self.

Accepted Answer

The answer of How did Rogers suggest that people achieve...

Question 12

Which of the following is not a positive consequence of the humanistic approach?&#10;A) Development of research techniques to evaluate treatments.&#10;B) Establishment of counselling as an independent profession.&#10;C) Development of new therapeutic techniques.&#10;D) Considerable impact on scientific psychology.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following is not a...

Question 13

Which of the following is a fundamental assumption of the cognitive approach?&#10;A) That behaviour is the result of active mental processing.&#10;B) That behaviour is the result of passive learning by association.&#10;C) That behaviour is the result of physiology.&#10;D) That behaviour is the result of social interaction.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following is a fundamental...

Question 14

Which of the following is a common criticism of the cognitive approach?&#10;A) It has had a limited impact on theory development in psychology.&#10;B) It lacks methodological rigour.&#10;C) It lacks ecological validity.&#10;D) It has not led to any useful applications.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following is a common...

Question 15

Which of the following is not a central object of investigation in physiological psychology?&#10;A) Brain function&#10;B) Animal behaviour&#10;C) Brain chemistry&#10;D) Genes and psychology

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following is not a...

Question 16

Which of the following is not claimed to be an advantage of the physiological approach?&#10;A) It provides an accessible framework for understanding ourselves.&#10;B) It suggests effective drug treatments for psychological disorders.&#10;C) It naturalizes behaviours that should be discouraged.&#10;D) It provides explanations in a range of areas of psychology.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following is not claimed...

Question 17

Which of the following is a common criticism of the physiological approach?&#10;A) It places too much emphasis on the environment.&#10;B) It is overly reductionist.&#10;C) It is too difficult to understand.&#10;D) Physiology has no influence on behaviour.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following is a common...

Question 18

What belief underpins the social constructionist approach?&#10;A) That psychology is an objective discipline.&#10;B) That psychological phenomena are independent of our investigation of those phenomena.&#10;C) That the scientific method is the right research methodology for psychology.&#10;D) That we construct our view of the world through social interaction.

Accepted Answer

The answer of What belief underpins the social constructionist approach?&#10;A)...

Question 19

Which of the following is perceived as a weakness of the social constructionist approach?&#10;A) It is anti-scientific&#10;B) It has close links with other disciplines.&#10;C) Its challenges to the status quo have led to social change.&#10;D) It emphasizes the complexity of behaviour.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following is perceived as...

Deck 1: Approaches to Psychology