Deck 154: Language

Question 1

In the context of the design features of language, the fact that words stand for something in the world is called:

A) semanticity.
B) creativity.
C) rapid fading.
D) learnability.

Answer 1

semanticity.

Question 2

In the context of the design features of language, the fact that words combine in rule-governed combinations is called:

A) duality of patterning.
B) structure dependence.
C) discreteness.
D) reflectiveness .

Answer 2

structure dependence.

Question 3

The fact that words can be used to produce an infinite number of comprehensible utterances is called:

A) displacement.
B) interchangeability.
C) arbitrariness.
D) creativity.

Answer 3

creativity.

Question 4

The attempts to teach primates to speak failed because:

A) they were not taught in an appropriate way.
B) they did not have the motivation to speak.
C) they did not have the vocal apparatus to speak.
D) they did not have the mental capacity to speak.

Question 5

Washoe's signings showed some evidence of:

A) creativity.
B) semanticity.
C) structure dependence.
D) All of the above.

Question 6

Critics have said that studies which claim that primates have language are flawed because of:

A) researcher bias.
B) selective reporting.
C) neither research bias nor selective reporting.
D) both researcher bias and selective reporting.

Question 7

Which of the following is correct when comparing the language of chimps with that of children?

A) Both use symbols spontaneously.
B) Neither ask questions.
C) Chimps need explicit training; children do not.
D) All of the above.

Question 8

An internalized set of rules that enables meaning to be extracted from word order is called:

A) a sentence.
B) a grammar.
C) a constituent.
D) a language.

Question 9

The process by which speakers of a language derive the phrase structure of a sentence is called:

A) conceptualization.
B) syntax.
C) wrap-up.
D) parsing.

Question 10

Jarvella's (1971) work on memory for sentences found:

A) the second constituent was remembered better than the first constituent.
B) all words were remembered equally well.
C) the first few words were remembered better than the last few words.
D) the last few words were remembered best.

Question 11

Aaronson & Scarborough's (1977) experiment looked at how long readers paused when reading each word in a sentence. They found:

A) pauses occurred mainly during the second constituent.
B) pauses occurred mainly during the first constituent.
C) pauses occurred at constituent boundaries.
D) pauses were evenly spread across the sentence.

Question 12

Sachs (1967) asked people to listen to sentences before presenting them with a multiple-choice test of what they had heard. They were most able to detect differences when the test sentence had the same words but a different meaning from what was heard. This experiment demonstrated:

A) syntactic planning.
B) lexicalization.
C) wrap-up.
D) parsing.

Question 13

According to Levelt, the three major processes in sentence production occur in the following order:

A) conceptualization, formulation, articulation
B) conceptualization, articulation, formulation
C) formulation, conceptualization, articulation
D) formulation, articulation, conceptualization

Question 14

According to Levelt, the major processes in formulation of a sentence occur in the following order:

A) lexicalization, phonological specification, syntactic planning
B) lexicalization, syntactic planning, phonological specification
C) phonological specification, syntactic planning, lexicalization
D) syntactic planning, lexicalization, phonological specification

Question 15

An example of a malapropism is:

A) saying 'nearly' when you meant to say 'barely'.
B) saying 'incinerator' when you meant to say 'incubator'.
C) saying 'jawfully loined' rather than 'lawfully joined'.
D) when you cannot remember the word you meant to say.

Question 16

An example of a spoonerism is:

A) saying 'the Grand Canyon went to my sister'.
B) saying 'the lion chased the antidote'.
C) saying 'we have a lot of churches in our minister'.
D) saying 'you have hissed all my mystery lectures'.

Question 17

The cohort model is a model of:

A) spoken word recognition.
B) spoken word perception.
C) written word recognition.
D) written word perception.

Question 18

A writing system is called:

A) a logogen.
B) a phonology.
C) a grammar.
D) an orthography.

Question 19

An Acquired Surface Dyslexic:

A) can read irregular but not regular words.
B) can read regular but not irregular words.
C) can read all unknown frequency words.
D) can read all known frequency words.

Question 20

An Acquired Phonological Dyslexic:

A) can read irregular but not regular words.
B) can read unknown words but not known words.
C) can read regular but not irregular words.
D) can read known words but not unknown words.

Question 21

According to the logogen model, word recognition depends on:

A) the frequency of the word being presented.
B) the context in which the word is presented.
C) whether the word has been presented previously.
D) All of the above.