Deck 13: Memory

Question 1

Which of the following is a memory system in long-term memory?

A) Explicit memory
B) Iconic memory
C) Echoic memory
D) Episodic memory

Answer 1

Episodic memory

Question 2

Iconic memory holds:

A) large amounts of visual information for long periods of time.
B) large amounts of visual information for very brief periods of time.
C) small amounts of visual information for long periods of time.
D) small amounts of visual information for short periods of time.

Answer 2

large amounts of visual information for very brief periods of time.

Question 3

We can distinguish between short and long-term memory on the basis of:

A) duration.
B) encoding.
C) capacity.
D) All of the above.

Answer 3

All of the above.

Question 4

In an experiment testing short-term verbal memory, which of the following lists will be remembered worst?

A) man, mad, cap, can, map
B) pig, pack, pea, pup, pot
C) big, huge, broad, long, tall
D) pen, rig, ball, bag, chair

Question 5

The modal model of memory was rejected because:

A) short-term memory receives information from sensory memory.
B) it explained the role of memory in cognition.
C) information does not have to pass through stm to reach ltm.
D) rehearsal plays a very important role in stm.

Question 6

The working memory model is composed of:

A) a phonological loop.
B) a visuospatial scratchpad.
C) a central executive.
D) All of the above.

Question 7

In a long-term memory experiment, which of the following conditions would you expect to produce the best recall?

A) Instructions to organize the material.
B) Instructions to remember the material.
C) Instructions to rehearse the material.
D) A and B but not C.

Question 8

Which of the following is an example of the encoding specificity principle in action?

A) What is learnt when sad is best remembered when happy.
B) What is learnt when drunk is best remembered when drunk.
C) What is learnt when drunk is best remembered when sober.
D) What is learnt underwater is best remembered on land.

Question 9

We forget because of:

A) motivated forgetting.
B) proactive interference.
C) retrieval failure.
D) All of the above.

Question 10

Research on eyewitness testimony has found that misleading questions can change memory for a crime. This occurs because of:

A) retrieval failure.
B) retroactive interference.
C) trace decay.
D) proactive interference.

Question 11

Autobiographical memory is memory for:

A) life history.
B) specific life events.
C) information learnt over the lifespan.
D) A and B but not C.

Question 12

The reminiscent bump in autobiographical memory usually reflects memories recalled between the ages of:

A) 20-30
B) 40-50
C) 10-20
D) 30-40

Question 13

Flashbulb memories are memories for events that are:

A) only visual.
B) quickly forgotten.
C) very dramatic.
D) very personal.

Question 14

What did Wagenaar find to be the best retrieval cue in his study of his own memory?

A) Where
B) Who
C) When
D) What

Question 15

An associative network model is a model of:

A) semantic memory.
B) autobiographical memory.
C) iconic memory.
D) episodic memory.

Question 16

An associative network model of memory is one in which:

A) nodes represent events.
B) nodes represent possessions.
C) nodes represent concepts.
D) nodes represent people.

Question 17

According to the typicality effect, which of the following are you most likely to list if asked to write down the names of four birds?

A) Duck
B) Sparrow
C) Chicken
D) Penguin

Question 18

In a semantic priming experiment, which of the following prime-primed pairs is likely to produce the strongest effect?

A) nurse-doctor
B) nurse-purse
C) nurse-Mary
D) nurse-plumber

Question 19

According to the attribute model of semantic memory, which of the following is a defining attribute of a dog?

A) Has fur.
B) Has four legs.
C) Has a pointy face.
D) None of the above.

Question 20

According to the prototype model of semantic memory, a concept is represented as:

A) defining attributes.
B) a node with links to similar concepts.
C) characteristic attributes.
D) examples of the concept.