Question 1

Epistomology is the:&#10;A)study of learning&#10;B)study of knowledge&#10;C)belief in the mind&#10;D)belief that knowledge is independent of the mind

Accepted Answer

Epistemology is the branch of philosophy concerned with the theory of knowledge, focusing on the nature, origin, and scope of knowledge and justified belief.

Question 2

Which of the following is belief that knowledge comes from sensory information?&#10;A)Rationalism&#10;B)Empiricism&#10;C)Nativism&#10;D)Epistemology

Accepted Answer

Empiricism is the philosophical stance that emphasizes the role of sensory experience in the formation of ideas, arguing that knowledge comes primarily from sensory experience.

Question 3

_______ is the belief that some form of knowledge is inherited.&#10;A)rationalism&#10;B)empiricism&#10;C)associationism&#10;D)nativism

Accepted Answer

Nativism is the belief that certain skills or abilities are "native" or hard-wired into the brain at birth. This contrasts with the idea that knowledge is derived from experience or perception, as argued by empiricism.

Question 4

The authors of your text conclude that:&#10;A)it is easier to find a pure nativist than to find a pure empiricist or rationalist&#10;B)it is easier to find a pure rationalist than to find a pure nativist or empiricist&#10;C)it is easier to find a pure empiricist than to find a pure nativist or rationalist&#10;D)there are no pure rationalists, empiricists, or nativists

Accepted Answer

The authors likely conclude that there are no pure rationalists, empiricists, or nativists because modern psychological and philosophical perspectives often integrate elements from all these approaches, reflecting a more nuanced understanding of human cognition and development.

Question 5

According to Plato, objects in the physical world are caused by an interaction of:&#10;A)the mind&#10;B)mind and matter&#10;C)matter&#10;D)forms and matter

Accepted Answer

Plato posited that the physical world is a reflection of a higher reality composed of forms or ideas. According to him, objects in the physical world are shaped by their interaction with these forms, which are abstract, perfect, and unchanging concepts or ideals. This means that the physical objects we perceive are merely imitations or instances of these forms, shaped by their interaction with matter.

Question 6

According to Aristotle, sensory experiences that occur in close succession become associated in the mind.This is referred to as the:&#10;A)law of contrast&#10;B)law of opposites&#10;C)law of contiguity&#10;D)law of similarity

Accepted Answer

Aristotle proposed the law of contiguity, which suggests that ideas or sensations that occur close together in time or space are likely to be associated in the mind.

Question 7

The belief that the relationships among all ideas can be explained in terms of the laws of association is:&#10;A)nativism&#10;B)rationalism&#10;C)associationism&#10;D)naive realism

Accepted Answer

Associationism is the psychological theory that suggests mental processes operate by the association of one state with its successor states. It posits that ideas and experiences are connected through principles like similarity, contrast, and contiguity, which explains how thoughts and memories are linked.

Question 8

Aristotle's philosophy:&#10;A)stunted scientific inquiry&#10;B)was adopted by early Christians&#10;C)dominated Christian Europe&#10;D)none of these

Accepted Answer

The answer of Aristotle's philosophy:&#10;A)stunted scientific inquiry&#10;B)was adopted by early...

Question 9

Which philosopher believed that the purpose of societal rules and regulations was to protect humans from their own aggressive impulses?&#10;A)Descartes&#10;B)Aristotle&#10;C)Locke&#10;D)Hobbes

Accepted Answer

Thomas Hobbes believed that the natural state of mankind is a state of war of all against all, where life is "solitary, poor, nasty, brutish, and short." He argued that societal rules and regulations are necessary to protect humans from their own aggressive impulses, leading to the formation of a social contract and the establishment of a sovereign authority to maintain peace and order.

Question 10

Locke's major argument against the existence of innate ideas is as follows:&#10;A)&#34;If ideas were innate all humans would possess them and they do not.&#34;&#10;B)Because God does not exist, there is no source for innate ideas.&#34;&#10;C)&#34;Ideas change as the mind matures and, therefore, cannot be innate.&#34;&#10;D)&#34;Ideas cannot exist until they are created by the brain.&#34;

Accepted Answer

Locke argued against the existence of innate ideas by stating that if such ideas were innate, they would be universally present in all human beings, which is not the case. He observed that not all people have the same ideas, which contradicts the notion of ideas being innate.

Question 11

Which philosopher claimed that &#34;natural laws&#34; are nothing but habits of thought?&#10;A)Locke&#10;B)Berkeley&#10;C)Hume&#10;D)James

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which philosopher claimed that &#34;natural laws&#34; are...

Question 12

J.S.Mill departed from traditional empiricism by claiming that:&#10;A)some ideas are innate&#10;B)a complex idea is sometimes different from the elemental ideas of which it&#10;Consists&#10;C)sensory information is the basis of all knowledge&#10;D)in order for something to exist it must be perceived

Accepted Answer

The answer of J.S.Mill departed from traditional empiricism by claiming...

Question 13

According to Reid, we can trust that our senses reflect physical reality because:&#10;A)God would not deceive us&#10;B)logic forces us to do so&#10;C)it makes common sense to do so&#10;D)not to do so would conflict with the philosophies of Kant and Hume

Accepted Answer

The answer of According to Reid, we can trust that...

Question 14

The contention that physical reality is as we perceive it to be is called:&#10;A)tabula rasa&#10;B)naive realism&#10;C)nativism&#10;D)phrenology

Accepted Answer

The answer of The contention that physical reality is as...

Question 15

The first phrenologist was:&#10;A)Kant&#10;B)Gall&#10;C)Reid&#10;D)Locke

Accepted Answer

The answer of The first phrenologist was:&#10;A)Kant&#10;B)Gall&#10;C)Reid&#10;D)Locke...

Question 16

A student is required to study mathematics because it is believed that such study will facilitate the learning of foreign languages.Such a belief exemplifies:&#10;A)formal discipline&#10;B)phrenology&#10;C)functional behaviorism&#10;D)nativism

Accepted Answer

The answer of A student is required to study mathematics...

Question 17

Which of the following do you associate with functionalism?&#10;A)the study of the adaptive value of thought and behavior&#10;B)the objective study of behavior&#10;C)the systematic study of human consciousness&#10;D)the systematic study of innate ideas

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following do you associate...

Question 18

What school of psychology completely rejected the study of consciousness?&#10;A)structuralism&#10;B)behaviorism&#10;C)functionalism&#10;D)associationism

Accepted Answer

The answer of What school of psychology completely rejected the...

Question 19

_____ is the belief that the mind is actively involved in the creation of knowledge.&#10;A)rationalism&#10;B)empiricism&#10;C)nativism&#10;D)associationism

Accepted Answer

The answer of _____ is the belief that the mind...

Question 20

Who is associated with the reminiscence theory of knowledge?&#10;A)Socrates&#10;B)Plato&#10;C)Aristotle&#10;D)Pythagoras

Accepted Answer

The answer of Who is associated with the reminiscence theory...

Question 21

Which of the following is true of Aristotle?&#10;A)He wrote the first history of psychology&#10;B)He formulated the laws of association&#10;C)He believed the brain functioned to cool the blood&#10;D)All of the above

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following is true of...

Question 22

Which of the following philosophers was the first to describe reflex action?&#10;A)Aristotle&#10;B)Descartes&#10;C)Plato&#10;D)Kant

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following philosophers was the...

Question 23

Whose philosophy is the antecedent to cognitive psychology?&#10;A)Reid&#10;B)Kant&#10;C)Hume&#10;D)Berkeley

Accepted Answer

The answer of Whose philosophy is the antecedent to cognitive...

Question 24

The study of the location of bumps and depressions on a person's skull in order to determine his or her strong and weak faculties is called:&#10;A)nativism&#10;B)introspection&#10;C)phrenology&#10;D)lobotomy

Accepted Answer

The answer of The study of the location of bumps...

Question 25

Who was responsible for changing the philosophical question, &#34;How do humans think?&#34; to &#34;How do humans adjust to their environment?&#34;&#10;A)Kant&#10;B)Darwin&#10;C)James&#10;D)Locke

Accepted Answer

The answer of Who was responsible for changing the philosophical...

Question 26

The first psychologist to make a thoroughly empirical study of association was:&#10;A)Ebbinghaus&#10;B)Darwin&#10;C)Freud&#10;D)Mill

Accepted Answer

The answer of The first psychologist to make a thoroughly...

Question 27

Psychology's first school was:&#10;A)structuralism&#10;B)behaviorism&#10;C)voluntarism&#10;D)functionalism

Accepted Answer

The answer of Psychology's first school was:&#10;A)structuralism&#10;B)behaviorism&#10;C)voluntarism&#10;D)functionalism...

Question 28

The school of structuralism was founded by:&#10;A)Titchener&#10;B)Wundt&#10;C)James&#10;D)Watson

Accepted Answer

The answer of The school of structuralism was founded by:&#10;A)Titchener&#10;B)Wundt&#10;C)James&#10;D)Watson...

Question 29

The major research tool of the structuralist was:&#10;A)naturalistic observation&#10;B)free association&#10;C)introspection&#10;D)animal experimentation

Accepted Answer

The answer of The major research tool of the structuralist...

Question 30

The founder of the functionalist school was:&#10;A)James&#10;B)Watson&#10;C)Wundt&#10;D)Titchener

Accepted Answer

The answer of The founder of the functionalist school was:&#10;A)James&#10;B)Watson&#10;C)Wundt&#10;D)Titchener...

Question 31

The functionalist school was strongly influenced by:&#10;A)Plato&#10;B)Wundt&#10;C)Darwin&#10;D)Watson

Accepted Answer

The answer of The functionalist school was strongly influenced by:&#10;A)Plato&#10;B)Wundt&#10;C)Darwin&#10;D)Watson...

Question 32

To whom do you attribute the statement, &#34;Consciousness cannot be reduced into elements.Rather, consciousness functions as a unity whose purpose is to allow the organism to adjust to its environment&#34;?&#10;A)James&#10;B)Watson&#10;C)Wundt&#10;D)Ebbinghaus

Accepted Answer

The answer of To whom do you attribute the statement,...

Question 33

Which of the following do you associate with behaviorism?&#10;A)the study of the adaptive value of thought and behavior&#10;B)the objective study of behavior&#10;C)the systematic study of human consciousness&#10;D)the systematic study of innate ideas

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following do you associate...

Question 34

It can be argued that all contemporary psychologists are:&#10;A)voluntarists&#10;B)structuralists&#10;C)behaviorists&#10;D)functionalists

Accepted Answer

The answer of It can be argued that all contemporary...

Deck 3: Early Notions About Learning