Deck 4: Correctional Treatment: Accomplishments and Realities

Question 1

Realistically speaking, how effective can we expect correctional treatment programs to be? Is this more or less effective than for other interventions in human services?

Answer 1

No Answer

Question 2

What client problems and behaviors should programs target for purposes of intervention? What problems should not be targeted?

Answer 2

No Answer

Question 3

What would be the characteristics of a "high-quality" correctional treatment program?

Answer 3

No Answer

Question 4

Why should program directors and staff be familiar with the treatment effectiveness literature prior to designing a program?

Question 5

What types of knowledge should correctional treatment staff possess in order to perform their jobs effectively?

Question 6

There is no research that can distinguish successful programs from unsuccessful programs

Question 7

Program staff are dedicated and eager to upgrade their skills when the opportunity presents itself

Question 8

Research has found the cognitive-behavioral treatment modality to be an effective intervention

Question 9

Meta-analyses indicate that at best we can expect reductions in recidivism of 10%, even for programs with therapeutic integrity

Question 10

Meta-analysis has been deemed less than useful in measuring program effectiveness

Question 11

Research on effective intervention strategies concludes that well-designed mono-modal treatments far exceed the effectiveness of multi-modal treatment strategies

Question 12

Relapse prevention program models have been found to be highly effective in treating people who commit sex crimes and people who abuse substances

Question 13

Programs based on "punishing smarter strategies" have been unmitigated failures

Question 14

Programs that treat low-risk clients are more effective than those that treat high risk clients

Question 15

Non-directive counseling approaches have traditionally been those that promoted a "good" relationship and have been found quite effective as intervention strategies

Question 16

Results of studies using the Correctional Program Assessment Inventory-2000 indicate that most rehabilitation programs incorporate relapse prevention strategies

Question 17

The Martinson (1974) "nothing works" study had a tremendous impact on popular and professional thinking even though it had a number of shortcomings

Question 18

"Appropriate" interventions reduce recidivism by 40-50%

Question 19

"Inappropriate" interventions can actually produce slight increases in recidivism

Question 20

Electronic monitoring is a strategy that has been proven to be effective

Question 21

Appropriate treatment interventions:

A) produce slight increases in recidivism.
B) can expect to produce reductions in recidivism as great as 75 percent.
C) have been found to reduce recidivism by 25 to 30 percent.
D) are by definition located in the community rather than an institution.

Question 22

The risk principle:

A) states that medium- to high-risk clients benefit more from treatment than low-risk clients.
B) states that low-risk clients are the ideal for intensive interventions.
C) is a means of calculating the precise likelihood that a client will commit one crime relative to the risk of committing a different crime.
D) demonstrates poor construct validity.

Question 23

Actuarial risk assessments:

A) are typically used by programs lacking therapeutic integrity.
B) are most useful for monitoring treatment effectiveness when static risk factors comprise the majority of the instrument.
C) are enhanced when they include dynamic risk factors that can be affected through treatment to lessen the likelihood of reoffending.
D) have yet to prove to be more useful than clinical assessments.

Question 24

Which of the following treatment approaches are recommended by the principles of effective interventions?

A) radical behavioral, cognitive-behavioral, and social learning
B) psychodynamic, operant conditioning, and family therapy
C) guided Group Interaction, nondirective phenomenological, and restitution
D) self-help, object relations, and psychodrama

Question 25

According to the principles of effective intervention, programs should target:

A) people who are low-risk.
B) people who are depressed with low self-esteem.
C) behaviors such as IQ that are correlated with criminal behavior and are highly stable over time.
D) dynamic characteristics that are predictive of future behavior.

Question 26

Inappropriate programs are based on:

A) medical-model treatments.
B) behavioral treatments.
C) multi-modal treatments.
D) in vivo treatments.

Question 27

Programs rarely demonstrate effectiveness when they:

A) utilize program manuals.
B) intensively target people who are low risk.
C) emphasize positive reinforcement contingencies for prosocial behavior.
D) all of the above.

Question 28

The Correctional Program Assessment Inventory-2000:

A) allows program directors to predict who will recidivate.
B) has been criticized by Martinson for being too labor-intensive.
C) has revealed optimistic findings that the majority of programs adhere to the principles of effective intervention.
D) is a means of determining the strengths and weaknesses of programs.

Question 29

According to research based on the CPAI-2000, shortcomings of programs that occur at least 50 percent of the time are:

A) client preservice assessment.
B) staff characteristics.
C) Implementation.
D) all of the above

Question 30

The eight dimensions of the CPAI-2000 include:

A) gender-responsive practices.
B) technological advancement.
C) organizational culture.
D) all of the above

Question 31

Meta-analyses have consistently favored which behavioral strategy?

A) radical behavioral
B) cognitive-behavioral
C) social learning
D) psychoanalysis

Question 32

"Appropriate" interventions reduce recidivism by approximately:

A) 25-30%
B) 10-15%
C) 40-45%
D) 65-70%

Question 33

Which of the following is an example of an "inappropriate" strategy?

A) boot camps
B) drug testing
C) restitution
D) all of the above

Question 34

Which of the following strategies are associated with producing increases in recidivism?

A) sociological perspectives that singularly target the importance of respect for a client's culture.
B) sociological perspectives that singularly target the importance of diversion from the correctional system.
C) sociological perspectives that singularly target the importance of providing access to legitimate opportunities for people who are disadvantaged.
D) all of the above.

Question 35

Matching key client characteristics and learning styles with relevant therapist characteristics and program features in order to facilitate the learning of prosocial values is:

A) the risk principle.
B) the responsivity principle.
C) positive reinforcement.
D) "in vivo" intervention.

Question 36

Which group benefits the most from treatment?

A) low-risk clients.
B) low-risk and medium-risk clients.
C) medium-risk and high-risk clients.
D) low-risk and high-risk clients.

Question 37

How much time should clients spend in the program acquiring prosocial skills?

A) at least 80%
B) at least 40%
C) at least 20%
D) at least 60%

Question 38

What are the implications when staff do not conduct a thorough review of the literature and its effectiveness before implementing a proposed program?

A) They may repeat the mistakes of others.
B) They be chasing the latest panacea.
C) They may be following a hunch.
D) all of the above

Question 39

What factors are typically overlooked in a client's preservice assessment?

A) values
B) previous criminal history
C) type of offense committed
D) none of the above

Question 40

All of the following are examples of problematic staff characteristics identified by the Correctional Program Assessment Inventory, except:

A) staff have large gaps of knowledge on criminological theories of antisocial behavior.
B) staff lack basic concepts of classical and operant conditioning.
C) staff were authoritarian and often displayed favoritism.
D) staff were hired based on characteristics instead of clinical experience and training.