Deck 31: Sensory Alterations

Question 1

Which of the following structures of the ear equalizes pressure between the outer and middle ear?

A) eustachian tube
B) fluid-filled cochlea
C) semicircular canal
D) tympanic membrane

Answer 1

eustachian tube

Question 2

Which of the following structural differences between children and adults predisposes children to middle ear infections?

A) The fluid-filled cochlea is less developed in children than in adults.
B) Children have shorter, more horizontal, and more flaccid eustachian tubes.
C) The outer ear of children is shorter and has fewer barriers, such as hair, in the ear.
D) The semicircular canals are straighter and shorter in a child's ear.

Answer 2

Children have shorter, more horizontal, and more flaccid eustachian tubes.

Question 3

The nurse assessing infants is aware that an infant will not have tears until the lacrimal gland begins to function at about how many months of age?

A) 8 to 9
B) 6 to 7
C) 4 to 5
D) 1 to 3

Answer 3

1 to 3

Question 4

Why does the nurse advise a new mother to talk to her baby while the baby is awake?

A) to assure the baby that the mother is present and attending to the baby's needs
B) because babies learn receptive language first and have an understanding of language before they can speak
C) to soothe the baby and help the baby to remain calm
D) because the baby must learn baby talk before speaking words

Question 5

The nurse working with parents of children who stutter will hear from parents a number of beliefs, some of which are true and some of which are false or challenged by research. Which of the following beliefs is true and will be encouraged by the nurse?

A) Children who stutter are not as bright as children who do not stutter.
B) A child who stutters can control the stuttering if he or she tries.
C) Stuttering is primarily an emotional disorder.
D) Stuttering is normal between the ages of 2 and 4.

Question 6

The nurse evaluating children for speech or language dysfunction should begin the evaluation with:

A) a hearing test or tests to see if hearing ability is normal
B) language screening tests such as the Denver Articulation Screening Examination
C) a report from the parents on the prenatal history and the circumstances at time of delivery
D) the history of childhood illnesses and immunizations

Question 7

Which of the following tests is best for the nurse to use to see if a child is color blind?

A) the Ishihara color plates
B) the Snellen E
C) a color matching test designed by the nurse
D) red versus green test of distinguishment

Question 8

The role of the nurse who is working with a child who is color blind, as well as the child's family and teachers, is mainly one of:

A) helping the caregivers and teachers find corrective resources
B) teaching and encouraging the use of other ways to discriminate colors
C) getting the child and everyone involved to accept the fact that this child has a deficit
D) forcing the family and teaching team to make accommodations for the child

Question 9

The nurse working with the parents of a child who stutters will advise the parents to do which of the following and model the behavior with children?

A) talk faster, as this decreases the chance of stuttering
B) adopt a slow rate of speech and avoid appearing hurried
C) talk in front of a mirror to concentrate on speaking without stuttering
D) talk with marbles in their mouth

Question 10

At what stage does the National Institutes of Health and other groups recommend that hearing tests for children at risk for congenital hearing loss first be conducted?

A) newborn
B) toddler years
C) preschool years
D) school-age years

Question 11

A parent tells the school nurse that his child has had extensive hearing tests and has been found to have a sensorineural hearing loss. The nurse will respond to the parent based on the knowledge that this type of hearing loss:

A) can be helped by one or more of the four types of hearing aids available today
B) has benefited in some cases by the relatively new technique of a cochlear implant
C) has not been helped by hearing aids or other techniques
D) is best adapted to by learning to speak sign language and attending a school for people who are deaf

Question 12

In working with parents who have just learned that their child has a hearing loss, the nurse will realize that before working on the goal of promoting the child's communication, the nurse must do which of the following?

A) Explain everything about all the various causes of hearing loss to the parents.
B) Get the parents to accept that they are not to blame for the child's loss of hearing.
C) Help the family to realize that their child is not the only child who ever suffered hearing loss.
D) Assist the caregivers to accept and adapt to the impairment and go through the grieving process.

Question 13

The parents of a child who has been diagnosed as being deaf report that their child who is 4 months old is babbling. The parents want to know if the diagnosis was wrong. Which of the following is the best response by the nurse?

A) We need to retest the infant because this may be a sign that the diagnosis is wrong.
B) Infants who are deaf will babble until approximately 6 months of age and then stop.
C) This child has a small amount of hearing but not enough to drop the diagnosis of deafness.
D) Deaf children sometimes have a small window of time then they hear and then it disappears.

Question 14

How often should a hearing aid be changed for children less than 4 years of age?

A) once a month
B) every 3 to 6 months
C) once a year
D) every 2 years

Question 15

The nurse will advise the parents of a child who has a hearing loss that communication can best be enhanced by doing which of the following?

A) Speak somewhat louder and much slower than you would to a hearing person.
B) Get the child's attention and look into the child's face at eye level.
C) Hold the child's hands while speaking to her.
D) Reduce or eliminate body gestures.

Question 16

Which of the following would the nurse do to care for the hearing aid of a hospitalized child?

A) Keep the hearing aid in a warm place such as near a heat register.
B) Leave the hearing aid turned on all the time except then washing it.
C) Wash the entire hearing aid with the battery taken out.
D) If the aid whistles, take it out, refit it, and turn down the volume.

Question 17

When a person does lip reading or speech reading what percent of the spoken word is understood?

A) 100%
B) 80%
C) 60%
D) 40%

Question 18

The nurse will advise parents or caregivers that a feeling of adequacy and self-confidence is most likely to be established in children who are deaf if they:

A) are given more attention than children with hearing
B) learn to play with other children, especially children with hearing
C) are protected a lot by members of the family and extended family
D) play with lots of educational toys beginning at an early age

Question 19

The parents of a child with a hearing impairment ask the nurse about getting an education for their child. The nurse will explain that the Education of All Handicapped Children Act of 1975, renamed as the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act, provides:

A) an education for children who are deaf in private schools beginning at age 8
B) early intervention services for children from birth to 3 years with disabilities and for their families, too
C) manuals and training for parents who want to homeschool their child who is deaf
D) canes, wheelchairs, special vans, and other special mobility equipment

Question 20

At what age is binocularity established?

A) birth
B) 3 months
C) 6 months
D) 1 year

Question 21

Parents are quizzing the nurse about the baby's eyes and want to know about visual acuity and eye color. Which of the following beliefs by parents will the nurse reinforce as being true?

A) Permanent eye color may not appear until 1 year of age.
B) Babies are born with a preference for bright colors such as red.
C) Babies do not have visual accommodation until they are 1 year old.
D) Visual acuity is 20/20 then the baby is born.

Question 22

Which of the following definitions of visual impairment most emphasizes the clearness of vision at various distances (visual acuity)?

A) educational
B) functional
C) legal-medical
D) common usage

Question 23

The pediatric nurse working with newborns and infants will find which of the following types of newborns having a significantly increased incidence of ocular muscle weakness?

A) postmaturity
B) those delivered by cesarean section
C) very low birth weight
D) those delivered to drug-abusing mothers

Question 24

The nurse wants to assess visual acuity with a preschool child who is developmentally delayed. The nurse selects the Blackbird Preschool Vision test, which is best described as a test that:

A) presents the letter B in various positions
B) is named after a person by the name of Blackbird
C) uses blackbirds of various sizes flying in different directions
D) offers various birds of various colors doing various things

Question 25

The parent of a child diagnosed as having astigmatism asks the school nurse to explain what the eye doctor meant by astigmatism. Which of the following responses by the nurse would best describe astigmatism?

A) The eyeball is too long, causing light rays to focus in front of the retina.
B) The eyeball is too short, causing light rays to focus in back of the retina.
C) The cornea or lens has uneven curvature, so the light rays don't focus correctly on the retina.
D) There is loss of vision in one eye, or more commonly, a reduction of vision in one eye.

Question 26

The nurse will teach the family and the child who is wearing contacts for the first time that care and cleaning directions must be followed explicitly. The reason for following the instructions exactly is mainly to prevent:

A) dirt and dust from getting into the eye
B) discomfort from itching and burning
C) complications such as corneal damage
D) redness of the eyes

Question 27

The school nurse observes a child who has strabismus. Which of the following is the most obvious sign of strabismus?

A) squinting to get a better image
B) stumbling and appearing clumsy
C) having difficulty picking up objects
D) a cross-eyed appearance

Question 28

The nurse will begin screening babies for strabismus at 3 to 6 months of age. A parent asks the nurse why this screening is being done at this early age. Which of the following is the nurse's best response?

A) Surgery needs to be done before the child is 1 year old if he or she has strabismus.
B) This is the best time to begin the eye exercises if strabismus is present.
C) Identification of strabismus requires a regimen of vitamin E to be started early.
D) The longer a child has uncorrected strabismus, the more vision loss he or she tends to have.

Question 29

In assessing a child with strabismus, the nurse charts that the child has esotropia. This means that the nurse has found which of the following then assessing the eyes?

A) One eye turns toward the midline.
B) The eyes are out of vertical alignment, with one pupil appearing higher.
C) One eye turns outward or away from the midline.
D) Both eyes appear to be turning away from the midline.

Question 30

The nurse is talking with a parent of a child with strabismus. The nurse is talking about alternatives to surgery and explains that there is a correction for strabismus, which is an alternative to surgery, and it is successful in about 50% of clients. Which of the following substances is involved in this treatment?

A) smallpox vaccine
B) botulism toxin
C) influenza vaccine
D) tetanus toxin

Question 31

The parent of a 6-year-old child who will be wearing an eye patch and a bandage around the entire head asks the nurse for suggestions on how to get the child to comply and not remove these items. Which of the following are the best suggestions and are most likely to be successful interventions?

A) Encourage the child to pretend to be a pirate, and use rewards to reinforce compliance.
B) Apply tincture of benzoin or glue to the edges of the patch to adhere it to the child's face.
C) Tie cardboard tubes on the elbows, and put mittens on the child's hands.
D) Apply tape across the patch from the forehead to the cheek or jaw, making a big X to secure the patch.

Question 32

The nurse doing screenings for eye problems in children realizes that amblyopia is going to present in children at which of the following ages or periods in a child's life?

A) before the age of 7 years
B) during latency
C) after the child begins to read
D) after the age of 8 years

Question 33

The nurse assessing newborns is aware that a baby can be born with a cataract. When the mother asks what caused her baby to have a cataract, the nurse will explain that which of the following causes cataracts to be present at birth? Select all that apply.

A) can be caused by an autosomal dominant trait
B) are almost always due to maternal infection such as influenza or childhood communicable diseases during pregnancy
C) no one knows what causes cataracts to be present at birth, but it is believed to be an allergic response in utero
D) a number of causes including prenatal trauma, anoxia, maternal disease, or inherited autosomal dominant trait