Deck 10: Native Peoples of the Great Plains

Question 1

The Plains are located east of

A)the Rocky Mountains.
B)Lake Erie.
C)the Mississippi River.
D)the Hudson Bay.

Answer 1

the Rocky Mountains.

Question 2

The Calumet Ceremonial is

A)a ritual intended to prepare for war.
B)a prayer service to thank the bison for sacrificing themselves during the hunt.
C)a unity meeting that involved passing a "peace pipe" among participants.
D)an event during which multiple couples were married on the same day.

Answer 2

a unity meeting that involved passing a "peace pipe" among participants.

Question 3

Among the Pawnee, social outcasts included all of the following EXCEPT

A)those without a known father.
B)unmarred adults.
C)criminals.
D)people accused of witchcraft.

Answer 3

unmarred adults.

Question 4

Highly respected and sometimes serving as doctors or second wives, the Cheyanne hemaneh translates as

A)bisexual.
B)coyote medicine.
C)halfman-halfwoman.
D)spirit guide.

Question 5

The historical enemy of the Pawnee to the north were the

A)Comanche.
B)Apache.
C)Sioux.
D)Osage.

Question 6

The Pawnee spent most of the year living in

A)tipis.
B)earth-covered houses.
C)grass houses.
D)semisubterranean pithouses.

Question 7

A particularly popular symbol in Pawnee traditional art is the

A)ocean.
B)four sacred mountains.
C)wolf.
D)star.

Question 8

Discuss how the horse revolutionized the Plains culture.

Question 9

Contrast the Pawnee and the Cheyenne in terms of religion and history.

Question 10

Describe the Council of Forty-Four and its religious and political significance in Cheyenne life.

Question 11

Discuss the pattern of Plains warfare.How was it influenced by the point system known as the coup?

Question 12

The Sun Dance, practiced by many groups in the Plains,

A)was a private observance for one or two families.
B)was a world renewal ceremony held in the summer.
C)was an easy form of recreation for participants.
D)involved only the shaman and his assistants.

Question 13

Which of the following would be the most prestigious coup?

A)Burning the enemy's tipi while he was away.
B)Killing an enemy in his sleep.
C)Touching a live enemy, especially one who was armed.
D)Making up a good story of exploits.

Question 14

The Cheyenne tribal and political organization continues to be called the

A)Council of Forty-Four.
B)Chief's Circle.
C)Longhouse.
D)Bureau of Indian Affairs.

Question 15

The major economic activities of Plains groups include

A)fishing.
B)trapping for the fur trade.
C)bison hunting and agriculture.
D)raiding.

Question 16

Native agriculture in the Plains depended on all of the following EXCEPT

A)eight inches of rain per year.
B)100 frost-free days.
C)the ability to grow corn.
D)the windbreak effect of shielding crops in the early spring.

Question 17

Villages in the Plains consisted of settlements that

A)contained single-family dwellings.
B)consisted of temporary towns that were abandoned during the hunting season.
C)were plank houses north of riverbanks.
D)were often fortified with moats.

Question 18

The first contact with Plains groups was made by

A)Basque fishermen in the late 1400s.
B)the Spanish explorer De Soto in 1540.
C)Russian traders in 1741.
D)Louis and Clark in 1804.

Question 19

Which domesticated animal introduced by Europeans revolutionized the lives of Plains Indians?

A)Sheep
B)Horse
C)Dog
D)Cattle

Question 20

The most common method of obtaining horses was through

A)breeding.
B)raids.
C)trade.
D)purchase.

Question 21

The Hunkpapa leader Sitting Bull was killed

A)after he refused to prohibit the Ghost Dance.
B)for protesting the government's refusal to honor its commitments to the Hunkpapa.
C)in retaliation for his actions at Wounded Knee Creek.
D)during a battle with the Pawnees over horse ownership.

Question 22

The Sioux population in the United States

A)currently numbers more than 170,000.
B)makes them the largest Indian group in the country.
C)has declined as many continue to abandon the reservations.
D)includes nine linguistic and geographic divisions.

Question 23

To decorate clothing, people in many Plains cultures used feathers and

A)deer antlers.
B)clam shells.
C)bison bones.
D)porcupine quills.

Question 24

In Cheyenne cosmology, the Sweet Medicine Bundle contains

A)seven axes.
B)five magic stones.
C)four sacred arrows.
D)three bison hides.

Question 25

Who was Sitting Bull, and what did he do? Discuss his significance in Sioux history.

Question 26

The Plains are located east of __________.

A)the Rocky Mountains
B)Lake Erie
C)the Mississippi River
D)Hudson Bay

Question 27

Which domesticated animal introduced by Europeans revolutionized Plains Indian lives?

A)Beaver
B)Horse
C)Dog
D)Chicken

Question 28

________ and feathers were utilized to decorate clothing in many Plains cultures

A)Porcupine quills
B)Clam shells
C)Bison bones
D)Deer antlers
E)Hawk claws

Question 29

Which of the following did buffalo provide for Plains Indians?

A)Robes, shields, containers
B)Scrapers, axes, awls
C)Sinew for sewing and bowing
D)All of these

Question 30

In Cheyenne cosmology, the Sweet Medicine Bundle contains __________.

A)seven eagle feathers
B)five magic stones
C)four sacred arrows
D)three turtle shells
E)two axes

Question 31

The Cheyenne tribal and political organization continues to be called the __________.

A)Council of Forty-Four
B)Chief's Circle
C)the Longhouse
D)House of Representatives
E)Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA)

Question 32

Which of the following would count for more coup?

A)burning the enemy's tipi while he was away
B)killing an enemy in his sleep
C)touching an enemy and living to tell about it
D)making up a good story of exploits
E)plotting witchcraft against an enemy

Question 33

Which of the following was true about the Sun Dance?

A)It was a private ceremony for one or two families.
B)It took place in summer or early autumn.
C)It was an easy form of recreation for participants.
D)All of these
E)None of these

Question 34

Seeking a vision to get a spiritual helper could involve which of the following among Plains Indians?

A)Fasting
B)Prayer
C)Body mutilation
D)All of these
E)None of these

Question 35

From 1680 to 1880 many Cheyenne were forced from __________.

A)Minnesota to Oklahoma
B)Florida to Montana
C)Wyoming to Kansas
D)South Dakota to Oklahoma
E)Michigan to Montana

Question 36

Highly respected and sometimes serving as doctors or second wives, the Cheyenne hemaneh literally translates as __________.

A)bisexual
B)coyote medicine
C)halfman-halfwoman
D)spirit guide

Question 37

Cheyenne women returning from root gathering would sometimes play with the men by attacking them with __________.

A)dried bison dung
B)deer antlers.
C)thistles
D)insults

Question 38

The historical enemy of the Pawnee to the north were the __________.

A)Comanche
B)Apache
C)Sioux
D)Osage
E)Cree

Question 39

A particularly popular symbol in Pawnee traditional art is __________.

A)the ocean
B)the four sacred mountains
C)the wolf
D)the river
E)the star

Question 40

The Council of Forty-Four Chiefs was __________.

A)the all-male, principal political authority among the Cheyenne
B)an all-male sodality that organized bison hunts among the Pawnee
C)the mythical ancestors of the Pawnee
D)a modern-day cult for ancestor worship among the Arapaho

Question 41

Regarding sexual activities, the Cheyenne __________.

A)valued sexual abstinence among men
B)valued sexual promiscuity for both sexes
C)did not approve of two-spirits
D)discouraged sexual activity except between the ages of 15 and 20

Question 42

Sitting Bull, a famous Hunkpapa Lakota Sioux war chief, was not present at the Battle of Little Big Horn and died peacefully in his sleep on a reservation.

Question 43

Women could not gain material wealth among Plains Indians.

Question 44

At contact, dogs pulled the travois of goods and possessions for many Plains peoples.

Question 45

Plains Indian life with the horse chasing the buffalo was actually a result of European contact.

Question 46

Corn, beans, and squash agriculture did not occur among hunting Plains peoples.

Question 47

society was organized into an upper class and commoners, with the addition of social outcasts.

Question 48

The Indian tipi was always the same size and always made of buffalo hide during its time on the Plains.

Question 49

How did the horse revolutionize the Plains culture (new materialism)?

Question 50

Discuss the Plains Wars.What was the most famous battle and what was the result? What factors doomed the Plains Indians and what ultimately led to their defeat?

Question 51

Contrast the Pawnee and the Cheyenne in terms of religion and history.

Question 52

Describe the Council of Forty-Four and its religious and political significance in Cheyenne life.

Question 53

Describe the subsistence behaviors of the Plains Indians, including foods consumed, secondary products utilized, and the techniques for managing and securing plant and animal resources.In what important way do the subsistence strategies of the Pawnee and the Cheyenne differ?

Question 54

The Plains culture area is known by the stereotype of Indians in war bonnets on horseback.What else is a defining characteristic of the Plains? Describe the climate and physical attributes of the area.

Question 55

List the main time divisions of the Prehistoric Plains and their defining characteristics.

Question 56

Which Europeans first contacted Plains Indians and when? What happened? Who contacted the northern Plains Indians? When and how did American contact impact Plains people?

Question 57

How did the horse impact Plains culture? Where did horses come from?

Question 58

What was the impact of Europeans, then Americans on Plains Indians?

Question 59

Who was Sitting Bull and what did he do?

Question 60

Describe the political organization and warfare of Plains people.

Question 61

Describe the social organization of the Plains.

Question 62

Discuss the economic focus of Plains and Prairie groups.

Question 63

Describe the material culture and technology of Plains people.

Question 64

What beliefs and practices did the Plains groups share in religion? Describe two major ceremonies.

Question 65

Describe the Plains Indians today.

Question 66

What impact did the horse have on Plains cultures?