Deck 3: Stress and Resilience

Question 1

Barbara Dohrenwend believed that a stress model might

A) prove helpful in identifying community psychology interventions.
B) provide a unifying theme or model for community interventions.
C) provide direction to a seemingly directionless community psychology.
D) All of the above.

Answer 1

provide a unifying theme or model for community interventions.

Question 2

Among the stress model variables that Dohrenwend identified, we would find all of the following BUT NOT

A) coping skills.
B) social support.
C) material resources.
D) gender.

Answer 2

gender.

Question 3

Albee believed that the stress model might help

A) provide direction for preventive interventions.
B) provide clinical insights on pathology.
C) help in providing therapy techniques.
D) All of the above.

Answer 3

provide direction for preventive interventions.

Question 4

Rappaport's concern that stress was "old wine in new bottles" was directed at

A) the existence of stress models for several decades.
B) the focus on person over systems for intervention.
C) the use of tired metaphors.
D) the need for better models of individual pathogenesis.

Question 5

___________ argued against Rappaport's disdain for stress. S(he) said that psychological wellness derives from a person's ability to deal with stress.

A) Dohrenwend
B) Reid
C) Cowen
D) Oliver

Question 6

Selye was among the first to define the stress reaction. His conception of this reaction was called _______.

A) the reactionary process
B) the GAS
C) the appraisal process
D) the RIT

Question 7

The GAS is seen as

A) a specific reaction to a specific stressor.
B) a systemic response to a systemic threat.
C) a generalized response to any physical upset to the overall system.
D) a unusual response saved only for extreme conditions.

Question 8

The initial work on stressful events examined

A) life change events.
B) hassles.
C) the impact of illness on family functioning.
D) the individual variability of reactions.

Question 9

Studies of stressor events have found that the most powerful predictor of stress reactions are

A) life change events.
B) hassles.
C) relational conflicts.
D) physical traumas.

Question 10

Studies of acute and chronic stress suggest that

A) the course of reaction is the same.
B) there are differences in the initial stages of reaction but eventually there is a uniformity to the reactions found.
C) the differences along the time dimension result in differences in physical reactions over time.
D) there is no clear pattern of reaction differences.

Question 11

_________ stress has been found to lead to damage to DNA and to the aging process.

A) Chronic
B) Acute
C) Both chronic and acute
D) Neither chronic nor acute

Question 12

Chronic social stressors may contribute to the heightened risk of physical disorders.

Question 13

Microaggressions are

A) found in everyday, ordinary events that communicate indignities or slights.
B) the aftermath of macroaggressions.
C) the invisible racist cognitions which people may have.
D) have not been found useful in the study of racism since the larger, public acts of racism get people's attention better.

Question 14

Saying that someone's report of a racist act is not true is an example of

A) microinsult.
B) mircroaggression.
C) microinvalidation.
D) microspeak.

Question 15

In Lazarus and Folkman's model of stress as a process, primary appraisal deals with

A) the first thing they have to do to solve a problem.
B) the last thing they have to do to solve a problem.
C) the relevancy of the stressor to the person.
D) Both a and b.

Question 16

The secondary appraisal in the stress process described by Lazarus and Folkman is

A) the person's consideration of what they have to do first.
B) the person's consideration of what they have to do second.
C) the person's estimation of their ability to cope with the stressor.
D) the person's calculation of how much it will cost them to deal with a stressor.

Question 17

Research suggested that _____________ coping is more effective in dealing with stress.

A) active
B) avoidant
C) emotionfocused
D) All of the above.

Question 18

Emotional approach coping

A) tries to identify emotions as they arise.
B) tries to understand emotions.
C) tries to express emotions.
D) All of the above.

Question 19

Collectivist coping

A) is the same as individualist coping.
B) includes sharing one's feelings with one's family.
C) looks to see what can be learned from one's stresses.
D) Both b and c.

Question 20

In a review of coping responses, Skinner (2000) believed a good way to understand coping was

A) by examining skill complexity and skill simplicity.
B) by examining personality for approach and for avoidance tendencies.
C) by examining individual's efforts to understand the environment and how they might fit into that environment.
D) Both a and b.

Question 21

Social support appears to be related to

A) lower levels of psychopathology.
B) lower physiological measures of stress.
C) varying levels of stress reaction dependent on contextual variables.
D) All of the above.

Question 22

Which of the following is NOT typically one of the types of social support described?

A) Informational.
B) Instrumental.
C) Emotional.
D) Affiliative.

Question 23

It would appear that social support is especially important when

A) one can control the stressors presented.
B) one can understand the stressors presented.
C) one believes they cannot control the stressors presented.
D) one has a sense of stressors not being relevant to them.

Question 24

In a 2007 study of indigenous Canadian people, the relationship between perceived social support and health was

A) not supported.
B) supported only in urban contexts.
C) supported.
D) not supported in urban contexts.

Question 25

Which of the following best describes research on optimism and well being?

A) Optimism and well being are correlated.
B) Optimism relates to adaptive coping and perceived social support, which in turn relate to well being.
C) Optimism does not relate to well being.
D) Optimism is best understood as a personality variable which directly influences one's sense of well being.

Question 26

The early resiliency researchers started by examining

A) settings which were considered high risk for development of pathology.
B) settings which were considered low risk of development of pathology.
C) settings which produced exceptional levels of well being.
D) settings which produced normal levels of well being.

Question 27

Resiliency is defined as

A) a process by which individuals in high risk situations none the less succeed.
B) a personality variable which determines individual success in life.
C) a specific behavior setting which produces adaptation to life's demands.
D) Both b and c.

Question 28

Masten & Obradovic (2006) noted that resiliency deals with

A) multiple tasks and multiple developmental phases being mastered.
B) multiple tasks in one crucial developmental phase being mastered.
C) the accomplishment of one critical task that carries one through multiple developmental phases.
D) the development of a cognitive style early in life which allows for mastery of a particular task at a critical developmental phase later.

Question 29

Werner and Smith studied resiliency on the island of Kauai. They found that the resilient

A) were mostly male.
B) were identifiable for by their height relative to the rest of the community, with greater height leading to better resiliency.
C) were associated with individual's capability to accomplish age appropriate challenges.
D) All of the above.

Question 30

When families did not provide adequate support for the resilient child

A) the child seemed to be able to learn what they needed by themselves.
B) the child was able to attract and maintain alternative adult mentors in the larger community.
C) the child did not appear to care about developmental tasks and so was above concern over their mastery.
D) Both a and c.

Question 31

Among the more important family characteristics for the resilient child was

A) the ability to be nurturing.
B) the overall parental intelligence.
C) the lack of connection to alcohol and drug abuse.
D) All of the above.

Question 32

Masten (2001) believed that resiliency

A) was a characteristic of special circumstances.
B) could be found in ordinary and everyday circumstances.
C) was the result of extraordinary personal resources.
D) could not be found in rural communities so much as in urban communities.

Question 33

Masten and Obradovic (2006) believe the fourth wave of resilience work has started. This fourth wave

A) looks at gender differences in resiliency.
B) looks at longterm effects of early interventions.
C) looks at multiple variable levels from multiple disciplinary perspectives.
D) looks at the recurrence of resiliency at multiple locations and times for selected populations.

Question 34

According to the best definition of Adverse Childhood Events (ACEs), which of the following statements is true:

A) ACEs are examples of acute stressors
B) ACEs are examples of chronic stressors
C) ACEs are examples of both acute and chronic stressors
D) ACEs are extreme examples of hassles

Question 35

Describe how a model of the stress process might be useful to the development of community interventions.

Question 36

What is the distinction between life changes and daily hassles as stressors? How do they differ in their relationship to stress reactions?

Question 37

What are some of the variety of coping reactions that have been described in the psychological literature?

Question 38

How does coping influence the stress process?

Question 39

What is social support? What are some of the various ways in which it can be provided?

Question 40

What is resilience? How might we describe its process in dealing with the stressors in life?

Question 41

What is the importance of the fourth wave of resilience work?

Question 42

Give an example of where stress might be especially high for college students?

Question 43

Microaggressions are understood to be examples of "modern racism." Given what you have read in the text, do you consider microaggressions to be more or less damaging types of stressors than more overt types of traumas such as hate crimes? What is the basis for your argument?