Deck 3: Psychoanalytic Therapy

Question 1

With which of the following theorists is the term psychoanalysis usually associated?

A) Mahler
B) Adler
C) Horney
D) Freud
E) Jung

Answer 1

Freud

Question 2

Where did Freud do most of his work?

A) the United States
B) Vienna
C) Germany
D) England
E) France

Answer 2

Vienna

Question 3

Freud was originally trained as a(n)

A) medical doctor.
B) humanistic therapist.
C) optometrist.
D) philosopher.
E) teacher.

Answer 3

medical doctor.

Question 4

Most other therapies have either evolved or have been conceptualized in reaction to _____________ therapy.

A) humanistic
B) intercultural
C) existential
D) behavioral
E) psychoanalysis

Question 5

There are essentially _____________ models related to Freud's basic theory.

A) two
B) three
C) four
D) five
E) six

Question 6

Freud's ______________model, which refers to the functioning of psychic energy, was conceived as a consequence of his experiences using hypnosis to treat clients who exhibited "hysterical" symptoms.

A) basic
B) structural
C) psychodymanic
D) topographic
E) energic

Question 7

Freud's __________________ theory postulated that hysterical symptoms resulted from the buildup of undischarged sexual energy.

A) psychodynamic
B) relational
C) seduction
D) oedipal
E) psycho-sexual

Question 8

Freud considered the ________________ drive the fundamental source of aggressive energy.

A) death
B) sex
C) retribution
D) libido
E) repression

Question 9

Freud believed that in therapy __________________________ would provide access to the unconscious mind.

A) libido
B) hypnosis
C) displacement
D) free association
E) generativity

Question 10

The ____________ complex is the female counterpart to Freud's Oedipus complex, the idea that boys have sexual impulses toward their mother and murderous impulses toward their father.

A) ego
B) libido
C) estrogenic
D) hysteria
E) Electra

Question 11

Freud's ____________ model divides the mind into the id, the ego, and the superego.

A) basic
B) structural
C) psychodymanic
D) topographic
E) energic

Question 12

__________________________ are processes through which people ward off the awareness of threatening id impulses.

A) Defense mechanisms
B) Projections
C) Therapeutic contracts
D) Cognitive shifts
E) Deflective strategies

Question 13

Who was the originator of ego psychology?

A) Erik Erikson
B) Sigmund Freud
C) Carl Gustav Jung
D) Anna Freud
E) Karen Horney

Question 14

Anna Freud considered _______________ "chief" among the defense mechanisms.

A) denial
B) projection
C) identification
D) repression
E) rationalization

Question 15

Anna Freud considered _______________ the "most mature" of the defense mechanisms.

A) repression
B) identification
C) sublimation
D) displacement
E) denial

Question 16

In Jungian psychology, the ______________________ is the repository of the history of the entire human species.

A) archetype
B) collective unconscious
C) id
D) preconscious
E) superego

Question 17

The __________________ model of psychoanalysis postulates that mental life is organized by past and present interpersonal relations.

A) transpersonal
B) topographic
C) structural
D) energic
E) relational

Question 18

Relational psychoanalyst Winnicott called the domain in which subjectivity and objectivity coexist

A) the neverland.
B) flow.
C) transitional space.
D) relational domain.
E) sobjectivity.

Question 19

Toward the end of which decade did psychoanalytic theory see additional challenges from feminist and cultural theory?

A) the 1930s
B) the 1940s
C) the 1950s
D) the 1960s
E) the 1970s

Question 20

Which of the following is pointed out in the textbook as a remarkable characteristic of Freud's medical practice?

A) Freud treated exclusively women.
B) Freud was one of the first physicians to establish a free clinic to serve those living in poverty.
C) Freud's medical practice was the first to treat the "whole" patient.
D) Freud was one of the few immigrant doctors who did not ensconce himself in a private office.
E) Freud was one of the first Jewish doctors allowed to treat non-Jews.

Question 21

Under the influence of _____________________________, ego psychologists brought into psychoanalysis concepts of relative mental illness and health in terms of the strength of the ego.

A) the American medical model
B) Carl Jung
C) pressure from the Vienna Society
D) drugs
E) the reign of the Nazi party

Question 22

To this day, psychoanalysts think of ego strength as having achieved a high degree of "_________________ and _________________."

A) intellect; emotion
B) separation; individuation
C) power; control
D) structure; discipline
E) collectivism; relationship

Question 23

Freud conceptualized human development in the following stages (in order from birth):

A) anal, phallic, oral, latency, and genital.
B) oral, anal, phallic, latency, and genital.
C) genital, phallic, latency, infancy, and early childhood.
D) oral, anal, latency, phallic, and genital.
E) oral, anal, genital, phallic, and latency.

Question 24

In Freud's final developmental stage,

A) exploration is focused on the mouth.
B) people conflict with social demands.
C) pleasure is focused on the genitals.
D) exploration is focused on the feces.
E) people ideally develop a coherent sense of self.

Question 25

Each stage in Erikson's theory is named for the particular _________________, or challenge that the individual must resolve in order to move successfully to the next stage.

A) developmental crisis
B) ego obstacle
C) self-rationalization
D) biological milestone
E) life lesson

Question 26

According to Sullivan, ________________________ is when a disavowed aspect of oneself is perceived in another person and there is an unconscious identification with that piece of oneself seen in the other.

A) projective identification
B) displacement
C) denial
D) over identification
E) self awareness

Question 27

Which of the following stages in Erikson's theory is associated with the attained virtue of wisdom?

A) autonomy vs. shame and doubt
B) industry vs. inferiority
C) identity vs. role confusion
D) generativity vs. stagnation
E) ego integrity vs. despair

Question 28

Which of the following statements best represents Freud's ideas about the origins of neurosis?

A) Neurosis results from the unrealized dreams of childhood.
B) Only women are susceptible to neurosis because of their biological make-up.
C) Neurosis lies in the unconscious intrapsychic conflicts regarding sex and aggression that usually begin in early childhood.
D) The concept of neurosis was a condition invented by Freud's contemporaries to take advantage of clients, and has no real application to psychoanalysis.
E) The root of one's neuroses lies in one's mother.

Question 29

According to classical Freudian theory, the path to change involves both _______________ and ________________.

A) power; control
B) intellectual; emotional insight
C) internal; external behavior shifts
D) conscious; unconscious exploration
E) male; female sexual freedom

Question 30

_________________ are the symbolic representations of repressed impulses.

A) Ego strengths
B) Blocks
C) Archetypes
D) Symbols
E) Derivatives

Question 31

____________________ is the process in which clients displace unconscious feelings from the past onto the analyst and the analytic situation.

A) Free association
B) Blocking
C) Engagement
D) Projection
E) Transference

Question 32

A client who activates infantile wishes behind neurotic symptoms and directs them to the analyst is experiencing

A) dissociation.
B) transference neurosis.
C) ego incongruity.
D) neurotic displacement.
E) analytic meltdown.

Question 33

When a client reactivates the analyst's unconscious feelings from the past and brings them into the therapeutic relationship, it is known as

A) transference.
B) free association.
C) breaking.
D) countertransference.
E) blocking.

Question 34

________________________ is the process by which the client wards off a therapist's efforts to bring unconscious psychic content to awareness.

A) Projection
B) Deflection
C) Resistance
D) Denial
E) Shielding

Question 35

Which of the following statements describes ego psychology?

A) Therapist empathy and client introspection are the cornerstones of this psychology. The fact that the counselor is non-judgmentally trying to enter the client's world encourages the client to talk about feelings otherwise hidden, even from his or her self.
B) The therapist's approach is one of neutrality, abstinence, and relative anonymity, which people sometimes confuse with aloofness.
C) Through absorbing and processing the client's negative feelings without retaliation or abandonment, the counselor models a relationship that can survive them.
D) The counselor assists the client in loosening rigid defense patterns and employing a broader and more appropriate range. When energy is not consumed by defensive operations, it can be deployed in other, healthy ego functions such as tolerating frustration, planning toward goals, and exploring identity.
E) The counselor helps the client manipulate his or her circumstances so that the client builds in reinforcements for desired behavior.

Question 36

Which of the following statements best describes the counselor-client relationship in classical psychotherapy?

A) The therapist considers the relationship to be a reflection of the client's external social relationships.
B) The analyst strives for a detached, objective perch from which to make observations of the workings of the client's mind.
C) The counselor-client relationship is of no consequence to the therapeutic process.
D) The analyst views the working relationship as the responsibility of the client.
E) The therapist works towards transference in the relationship as that is the only way that psychological healing can occur.

Question 37

Harry Stack Sullivan called the therapist a

A) participant observer.
B) psychological obstruction.
C) necessary evil.
D) detached expert.
E) relational displacement.

Question 38

_____________ is the fugue-like state of mind where one can access anxiety-laden interpersonal events that have been rendered to the unconscious.

A) Free association
B) Volition
C) Alteration
D) Segregation
E) Dissociation

Question 39

Classical psychoanalytic technique relied almost entirely on

A) observation.
B) client disclosure.
C) interpretation.
D) behavior modification.
E) dream work.

Question 40

Which of the following was Fred Pine's significant contribution to psychoanalytic theory?

A) Pine negotiated the tensions between Freud and Adler.
B) Pine introduced hypnotherapy to psychoanalytic theory.
C) Pine advocated for the treatment of clients of different ethnic and socioeconomic backgrounds as "special cases."
D) Pine questioned the dichotomy between insight-oriented and supportive therapy, asserting that they need not be separate.
E) Pine advocated for "surprising" the client with interpretation to move the client past a therapeutic "block."

Question 41

The object relations perspective focuses on the

A) id, ego, and superego.
B) way people represent their experiences with other people.
C) unconscious memories of childhood.
D) advancement of mutuality with a client.
E) interpretations of dreams.

Question 42

Ogden identifies the _____________________ position as a situation in which a person keeps "good" and "bad" separate.

A) depressive
B) dichotomous
C) paranoid-schizoid
D) psychoanalytic
E) objective

Question 43

Ogden identifies the _____________________ position as one where "good" and "bad" are allowed to coexist.

A) depressive
B) dichotomous
C) paranoid-schizoid
D) psychoanalytic
E) objective

Question 44

The therapeutic outcome of transference is that

A) the client gains confidence in the therapist.
B) client and therapist self-awareness is enhanced.
C) therapy is considered complete.
D) psychological abstractions are pushed into the unconscious.
E) therapeutic goal-setting is facilitated.

Question 45

Which of the following is NOT identified in the textbook as a contributing factor to the transference/countertransference matrix?

A) therapeutic experience
B) gender
C) socioeconomic status
D) ethnicity
E) culture

Question 46

From a cultural point of view, what might appear as ________________ in therapy often can be formulated as a culturally harmonic behavior.

A) regression
B) progress
C) transference
D) resistance
E) acquiescence

Question 47

Within the traditional ego psychological point of view, missed appointments are considered

A) a necessary stage of therapeutic growth.
B) disrespectful to the analyst.
C) an expression of unconscious feelings toward the therapist.
D) evidence of a deficit in the client.
E) a reflection of childhood trauma.

Question 48

Characteristic of contemporary relational psychoanalysis is the acknowledgement of the shared _______________ of client and therapist.

A) manipulation
B) vulnerability
C) unconscious
D) responsibility
E) psychological assets

Question 49

Which of the following is NOT identified in the textbook as an advantage of the psychoanalytic approach?

A) its attention to the wide range of people's sometimes contradictory thoughts and feelings
B) the attention paid to the process of therapy
C) its attention to conflict
D) its orientation to the meaning of behavior
E) its attention to the behavioral advances in the client

Question 50

Psychoanalysis has primarily been interested in ____________, _________, and ____________, along with ways to transcend them.

A) interactions; impasses; ego distortions
B) blind spots; relationships; impasses
C) obstacles; interactions; blind spots
D) relationships; obstacles; ego distortions
E) obstacles; impasses; blind spots

Question 51

Psychoanalytic therapists for the most part are more comfortable with ________________ evaluation of their treatments than they are with _________________________ evaluation.

A) summative; formative
B) quantitative; qualitative
C) idiographic; nomothetic
D) partial; wholistic
E) structured; unstructured

Question 52

Which of the following statements concerning assessing the value of a particular treatment or a particular interaction in psychoanalytic therapy is true?

A) Assessment of treatment value is not of interest to psychoanalytic therapists.
B) The assessment of a technique is also an intervention in psychoanalytic therapy.
C) The evaluation of a treatment or interaction is always the responsibility of the client.
D) The psychoanalyst is interested in the client's functioning not only during the interaction itself, but also in the outside world.
E) Psychoanalysts equate the value of a treatment with the client's functioning within the therapeutic setting.

Question 53

Which of the following psychodynamic approaches primarily strives to help people achieve a sense of meaningfulness in their lives?

A) classic psychoanalysis
B) contemporary relational therapy
C) ego psychoanalysis
D) neo-Kleinian psychology
E) Freudian therapy

Question 54

Analytically oriented ____________ research tends to focus on the therapist's behaviors that lead to the client's being more or less expressive.

A) process
B) quantitative
C) outcome
D) qualitative
E) action

Question 55

Which of the following therapist behaviors has been shown by research to increase openness in client communication?

A) Disconfirmation of a pathogenic belief
B) Disclosure of a meaningful life event
C) Following a structured process for all therapy sessions
D) Engaging in process research during the therapeutic relationship
E) Confronting clients who express irrational thoughts

Question 56

Psychoanalysts tend to give most credence to the __________________ method of research.

A) experimental
B) outcome
C) case study
D) quasi-experimental
E) narrative

Question 57

Why is there more of a potential for dogmatism in psychoanalytic therapy than in other forms of therapy?

A) Psychoanalytic training is not well-regulated.
B) Most psychoanalysts come to the profession by way of the medical profession.
C) Psychoanalysts are more prone to acceptance of ubiquity.
D) Psychoanalytic therapists are tempted to claim knowledge of the unconscious.
E) Most psychoanalysts rely on transference in the therapeutic relationship.

Question 58

The two major challenges faced by the psychoanalytic profession today are making the profession more _________________ and making it more ___________________.

A) sensitive; affordable
B) affordable; culturally relevant
C) disciplined; holistic
D) culturally relevant; disciplined
E) holistic; sensitive

Question 59

In looking to the future of psychoanalytic therapy, more technical flexibility should result in

A) a resurgence of psychoanalysts.
B) better outcome research.
C) less need for mental health interventions.
D) more prestige for the profession.
E) engagement of a more economically and culturally diverse client base.

Question 60

List the three models of Freud's basic theory.

Question 61

List and briefly define the three mechanisms of primary process thought.

Question 62

List and briefly define the three sections of the human mind as outlined in Freud's topographic model.

Question 63

List and briefly describe the three structures of the mind in Freud's structural model.

Question 64

List five of the eight defense mechanisms identified in ego psychology and provide a brief definition of each.

Question 65

List the first three stages of development in classical psychoanalytic theory.

Question 66

According to the ego psychologist Erik Erikson, what are the three factors that influence psychosocial development throughout the lifespan?

Question 67

List and briefly define the three categories in self-development as outlined by Harry Stack Sullivan.

Question 68

What are the three manifestations that might occur as a result of projective identification?

Question 69

Explain the difference in the way the counselor-client relationship is viewed by a classical psychoanalyst and by a relational analyst.

Question 70

What are the three processes through which unconscious material can enter into the treatment during psychoanalysis?

Question 71

Later theorists considered the therapist as a full participant in the psychoanalytic situation by pointing out what two premises?

Question 72

Explain the role of meaning making within the psychoanalytic theory of therapeutic action and technique.

Question 73

The textbook indicates that there are three reasons why outcome research is more difficult to carry out when studying psychoanalytically-oriented therapy than with behavior therapy. What are they?

Question 74

What is the greatest therapeutic danger for psychoanalytic therapists who place emphasis on gaining knowledge about the root causes of the client's problem?