Deck 12: Family Therapy

Question 1

In which three classic orientations do the traditional models of family therapy have their origins?

A) behavioral, person-centered, and existential-humanistic
B) person-centered, psychoanalytic, and Gestalt
C) Gestalt, behavioral, and existential-humanistic
D) existential-humanistic, cognitive-behavioral, and psychoanalytic
E) cognitive behavioral, Adlerian, and psychoanalytic

Answer 1

existential-humanistic, cognitive-behavioral, and psychoanalytic

Question 2

When did family therapy emerge as a distinctive mode of treatment?

A) In the late-19^th century
B) In the early-20^th century
C) In the mid-20th century
D) In the late-20^th century
E) In the early-21^st century

Answer 2

In the mid-20th century

Question 3

In the 1950s, _____________________ began seeing whole families for treatment at the Tavistock Clinic in England.

A) Carl Whitaker
B) John Bowlby
C) Murray Bowen
D) Alfred Adler
E) Virginia Satir

Answer 3

John Bowlby

Question 4

In the 1930s and 1940s, there appeared many new models of family treatment that were based on the ______________________ theory of Ludwig von Bertalanffy.

A) humanistic
B) quantum physics
C) interpersonal
D) general systems
E) quality communications

Question 5

In 1961, the influential journal ___________________________ was launched.

A) Family Process
B) Journal of Traditional Family Therapy
C) International Journal of Family Therapy
D) Journal of Family Counseling
E) Family Therapy in Action

Question 6

Each of the traditional family therapy models used a ______________ framework to broaden the concepts and methods associated with one of the traditional approaches to individual counseling and therapy.

A) psychoanalytic
B) humanistic
C) behavioristic
D) cognitive
E) systemic

Question 7

Bowen's ____________________________ model of family therapy had its roots in the psychoanalytic tradition of working with the client's past to resolve issues in the present.

A) structural
B) intrapsychic
C) multigenerational
D) systemic
E) communication

Question 8

Satir's communication/validation theory and Carl Whitaker's symbolic-experiential therapy are examples of __________________________ approaches.

A) psychoanalytic
B) existential-humanistic
C) behavioristic
D) cognitive
E) systemic

Question 9

The decade from ____________________ was one of expansion and domination for the six systemic approaches to family therapy.

A) 1955-1965
B) 1960-1970
C) 1965-1975
D) 1970-1980
E) 1975-1985

Question 10

The rejection by family therapists of their belief in one "ideal" family structure was primarily influenced by the postmodern view of

A) cross-cultural awareness.
B) pluralism.
C) generativity.
D) social construction.
E) multifacetism.

Question 11

What are the three broad groups of approaches into which contemporary models of family therapy can be classified?

A) simple, complex, and composite
B) systemic, structural, and constructive
C) postmodern, ecological, and integrative
D) active, passive, and interactive
E) cognitive, behavioral, and ethereal

Question 12

_______________________ approaches reflect a rejection of assessment practices that pathologize clients and treatment practices intended to change dysfunction assumed to reside within individuals.

A) Postmodern
B) Integrative
C) Systemic
D) Ecological
E) Psychodynamic

Question 13

_______________________ approaches provide frameworks that make it possible for clinicians to address the primary elements of a client's wider world.

A) Postmodern
B) Integrative
C) Systemic
D) Ecological
E) Psychodynamic

Question 14

_______________________ approaches offer frameworks to help clinicians organize theories, therapies, and strategies into broader models of practice.

A) Postmodern
B) Integrative
C) Systemic
D) Ecological
E) Psychodynamic

Question 15

What was the key societal change post-World War II that led to the dissolution of the strong extended family?

A) dual wage-earner families
B) the emergence of therapies that encouraged independence and self-sufficiency
C) the need for families to assume the primary responsibility of educating youth
D) the death of many military men and women left families broken
E) improved transportation increased the mobility of employment

Question 16

Post-World War II, the uprooting of certain family members from within a network of extended family significantly increased the importance of

A) families of origin.
B) cultural groups.
C) nuclear families.
D) communities.
E) families of choice.

Question 17

Family systems theory is based upon systems theory, originally developed in the field of

A) physics.
B) biology.
C) psychology.
D) chemistry.
E) mathematics.

Question 18

According to family systems theory, families are ____________________ systems.

A) imperfect
B) closed
C) dysfunctional
D) open
E) encapsulated

Question 19

A recently blended family that is working to develop a new sense of family is described as experiencing

A) bonding.
B) transition.
C) blending.
D) turmoil.
E) regrowth.

Question 20

In early models of family therapy, how was change in the family characterized?

A) Significant changes to the family system were considered to be threatening to a family's sense of equilibrium.
B) Early models contended that families remained relatively unchanged through time.
C) These models assumed that families moved through predictable stages of development over time.
D) Change in a family is flowing and family-specific.
E) Although families developed and changed over time, these changes were not integral to providing counseling services to families.

Question 21

A ___________________ is a special group of people comprising individuals who are experiencing their own individual and collective challenges in life.

A) community
B) family
C) society
D) enclave
E) cultural group

Question 22

______________________ and _____________________ pass on family culture and beliefs and provide continuity for families.

A) Marriage; children
B) Education; employment
C) Physical resources; a spiritual home
D) Extended family; community
E) Rituals; traditions

Question 23

What is the primary function of families?

A) To uphold the mores of the society
B) To build interactions that provide the foundation for future interpersonal relationships
C) To help family members acclimate to the power differentials that they will inevitably experience
D) To maintain the "status quo"
E) To provide stability for family members while also providing support to manage new life situations

Question 24

___________________ approaches emphasize the need for individuals to work out issues from past relationships that are interfering with current functioning and emotional maturity.

A) Cognitive-behavioral/interactional
B) Systemic cognitive development
C) Psychodynamic/historical
D) Contemporary
E) Existential-humanistic

Question 25

Bowen's Family Systems Theory is an example of a _____________________ approach

A) Contemporary
B) Psychodynamic/historical
C) Cognitive-behavioral/interactional
D) Systemic cognitive development
E) Existential-humanistic

Question 26

_______________________ is perhaps the most influential contributor to present-day family systems theory.

A) Alfred Adler
B) Virginia Satir
C) Murray Bowen
D) Salvador Minuchen
E) Carl Whitaker

Question 27

The construct of ____________________ is central to Bowen's family systems theory.

A) emotional cutoff
B) transmission
C) projection
D) triangulation
E) differentiation of self

Question 28

Less differentiated individuals are more likely to become fused, losing their sense of self and resulting in what Bowen refers to as the

A) family ego mass.
B) spousal triangle.
C) individual's projection of unselfishness.
D) sibling possession.
E) parental regression to childhood.

Question 29

In the process of __________________________, parents propel part of their immaturity and dysfunction onto one or more of the children.

A) emotional cutoff
B) transmission
C) projection
D) triangulation
E) differentiation of self

Question 30

_______________________ is the process of extending a two-person system to include a third person or entity, allowing the couple to project their anxiety onto another.

A) Emotional cutoff
B) Transmission
C) Projection
D) Triangulation
E) Differentiation of self

Question 31

The role of the _____________________ is often played by the third member of a family triangle.

A) hero
B) enabler
C) lost child
D) joker
E) scapegoat

Question 32

The more intense the projection process, the more __________________ the child becomes.

A) infantile
B) confused
C) distraught
D) self-reliant
E) empowered

Question 33

An open relationship with extended family is the opposite of

A) emotional cutoff.
B) transmission.
C) projection.
D) triangulation.
E) differentiation of self.

Question 34

What does Bowen believe about the relationship between nuclear families and extended families?

A) Nuclear families mirror the characteristics of their extended family.
B) A nuclear family is always stronger when it is disconnected from the families of origin.
C) Nuclear families that are cut off from their extended families are more vulnerable to problems, and a family remains healthier when it remains in emotional contact with families of origin.
D) In an open system, extended family members tend to have an unreasonable degree of emotional contact with those in the nuclear family.
E) Bowen did not address the issues of nuclear family/extended family relations in his theory.

Question 35

In general, family systems therapists are _______________ rather than ____________ oriented.

A) group; individual
B) present; past
C) internal; external
D) process; content
E) verbally; visually

Question 36

According to Bowen it is essential that the therapist maintain his or her

A) neutrality.
B) professionalism.
C) differentiation.
D) sense of self.
E) theoretical sensitivity.

Question 37

A family genogram is a(n)

A) diary that have been passed down from generation to generation.
B) graphic representation of the multigenerational family tree.
C) ancestral photo album that represent the rituals and traditions of a family.
D) behavior that flows from one generation to the next.
E) genetic marker used to help clients understand their own behavior from a physiological perspective.

Question 38

Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the textbook as a characteristic of strategic family therapy?

A) focus on the here and now
B) specific interventions to help families develop new perspectives and interactional patterns
C) concern with power in a relationship
D) discount of the premise of hierarchies
E) brevity

Question 39

Those therapists working from the _______________________________ orientation are interested in creating here-and-now change in family interactional patterns.

A) contemporary
B) psychodynamic/historical
C) cognitive-behavioral/interactional
D) systemic cognitive development
E) existential-humanistic

Question 40

Minuchin's structural family therapy is an example of the _________________________ approach.

A) contemporary
B) psychodynamic/historical
C) systemic cognitive development
D) existential-humanistic
E) cognitive-behavioral/interactional

Question 41

________________family therapy emphasizes using metaphors of family hierarchy.

A) Structural
B) Intrapsychic
C) Multigenerational
D) Systemic
E) Psychodynamic

Question 42

__________________________ is well known for his innovative and active approach to working with families in poverty.

A) Alfred Adler
B) John Bowlbey
C) Murray Bowen
D) Salvador Minuchen
E) Carl Whitaker

Question 43

Assessment of families in structural family therapy often includes drawing a ________________________ that indicates interactional processes between family members and boundaries between subsystems.

A) collage
B) family map
C) family picture
D) microcosmic rendering
E) multigenerational mosaic

Question 44

Family _____________________ refers to the degree and type of influence each member has to carry out a specific role.

A) boundaries
B) subsystems
C) hierarchy
D) alliance
E) mapping

Question 45

Structural therapists often engage clients in ____________________, in which family members are encouraged to speak directly in new ways, often about avoided topics.

A) enactments
B) rehearsals
C) journaling
D) sculpting
E) dialoguing

Question 46

Symbolic-experiential family therapy and communication/validation therapy are enduring examples of the ______________________________ approach.

A) contemporary
B) psychodynamic/historical
C) cognitive-behavioral/interactional
D) systemic cognitive development
E) existential-humanistic

Question 47

____________________ and ____________________ are credited as the founders of experiential family therapy.

A) Satir; Minuchin
B) Bowleby; Bronfenbrenner
C) Whitaker; Bowen
D) Satir; Whitaker
E) Bowen; Bowleby

Question 48

In experiential family therapy what is considered the underlying cause of family problems?

A) enmeshment with the family of origin
B) lack of rituals and traditions
C) suppression of emotions
D) lack of a clear hierarchy
E) unrealistic expectations

Question 49

___________________ is the concept that we naturally move toward understanding ourselves and regulating our emotions over time through our interactions with others.

A) Maturation
B) Engagement
C) Progression
D) Incremental growth
E) Self-actualization

Question 50

A family member who interacts through placating, blaming, taking on too much responsibility, and/or focusing on the irrelevant is said to be engaging in

A) emotional abuse.
B) inauthentic communication.
C) self-actualization.
D) experimentation.
E) interactive distortion.

Question 51

______________________________ is a technique where the therapist may direct members to physically place themselves relative to each other in ways that reflect and express their relationships, thoughts, and feelings.

A) Modeling
B) Psychodrama
C) Active representation
D) Family sculpting
E) Kinetic disclosure

Question 52

________________________ models adhere to the belief that the power to change inhibiting family behaviors is located in the stories families hold about themselves.

A) Postmodern
B) Psychodynamic/historical
C) Cognitive-behavioral/interactional
D) Integrative
E) Existential-humanistic

Question 53

_____________________ models of family therapy provide conceptual frameworks for practitioners to design and tailor treatment to the expressed needs of the family.

A) Postmodern
B) Psychodynamic/historical
C) Cognitive-behavioral/interactional
D) Integrative
E) Existential-humanistic

Question 54

Therapists might use _____________________________ to consider the complexity of individual, relational, community, and cultural influences on the problems presented in treatment.

A) societal sculpting
B) in vivo experiences
C) dramatic encapsulation
D) environmental analysis
E) community genograms

Question 55

Therapists working from ____________________ perspectives tend to view change as a collaborative process, valuing the uniqueness of each family within its cultural and contextual milieu.

A) contemporary
B) psychodynamic/historical
C) cognitive-behavioral/interactional
D) systemic cognitive development
E) existential-humanistic

Question 56

During ______________________________, families become aware of various external and internal forces that have influenced collective worldviews and become sensitive to the development and functioning of each member and the family as a whole.

A) sensorimotor-elemental orientation
B) system enhancement
C) system transformation
D) maturation
E) flow

Question 57

Families functioning within the __________________________ orientation view the world as logical and understandable, believe in cause and effect, and can act predictably in the world.

A) developmental
B) sensorimotor-elemental
C) concrete-situational
D) formal-reflective
E) dialectic/systemic

Question 58

_______________________________ families understand the interrelatedness of the contexts they live in.

A) Developmental
B) Sensorimotor-elemental
C) Concrete-situational
D) Formal-reflective
E) Dialectic/systemic

Question 59

In SCDT, ______________________ movement describes movement form one developmental orientation to another.

A) radical
B) horizontal
C) circular
D) vertical
E) parallel

Question 60

______________________________ occurs when counselors change techniques, interventions, exercises, questions, and language in order to assist their clients to explore ancillary orientations.

A) Morphing
B) Channeling
C) Style matching
D) Synchronicity
E) Style shifting

Question 61

______________________________ family therapy research represents the accumulated body of knowledge about the relative effectiveness of particular family therapy models or practices across client groups.

A) Idiographic
B) Comparative
C) Nomothetic
D) Experimental
E) Idiothetic

Question 62

______________________________ family therapy research reflects trends to capture the uniqueness of each family so that practitioners can tailor interventions on the basis of these unique qualities.

A) Idiographic
B) Comparative
C) Nomothetic
D) Experimental
E) Idiothetic

Question 63

______________________________ family therapy research is intended to inform assessment and treatment planning rather than to dictate it.

A) Idiographic
B) Comparative
C) Nomothetic
D) Experimental
E) Idiothetic

Question 64

Identify the six traditional family therapy models and the leader of each.

Question 65

What four trends led to the development of contemporary family therapy models and approaches?

Question 66

List four of the seven basic tenets of general systems theory.

Question 67

List the six stages of family development as outlined in The Changing Family Life-Cycle.

Question 68

What are the two meanings of family culture as identified in the text?

Question 69

Identify the five characteristics of family systems that positively impact family functioning.

Question 70

List six of the eight major concepts in Bowen's family systems approach.

Question 71

Identify the three therapist characteristics identified by Bowen as essential for the progress of therapy.

Question 72

Identify the five family systems concepts described by Minuchin.

Question 73

List the four characteristics of experiential family therapists.

Question 74

List the three common guiding assumptions underlying the postmodern, ecological, and integrative approaches to family therapy.

Question 75

Identify the four therapeutic environments defined by SCDT.

Question 76

What are the three types of research that are indicated in Chapter 12 of the textbook as either major or emerging?

Question 77

Identify the main limitation of the four broad approaches to family therapy.