Deck 11: Police Use of Force

Question 1

This U.S. Supreme Court case noted that in order for force to be justifiable, it must be "objectively reasonable in view of all the facts and circumstances of each particular case."

A) Miranda v. Arizona
B) Terry v. Ohio
C) Graham v. Connor
D) Buie v. Maryland

Answer 1

Graham v. Connor

Question 2

"Good afternoon, Sir. May I please see your driver's license?" is an example of which form of verbalization?

A) search talk
B) persuasion
C) light control talk
D) heavy control talk

Answer 2

search talk

Question 3

"Drop the knife or I will shoot!" is an example of which form of verbalization?

A) search talk
B) persuasion
C) light control talk
D) heavy control talk

Answer 3

heavy control talk

Question 4

Moving a noncompliant subject forcefully into a wall is an example of ______.

A) a focused strike
B) a decentralization
C) a vertical stun
D) an impact weapon

Question 5

Which of the following is an example of a conducted energy device?

A) baton
B) Taser
C) OC spray
D) flashlight

Question 6

A subject's degree of ______ is in important aspect of threat assessment.

A) threat
B) aggression
C) stabilization
D) foundation

Question 7

Which of the following is not a factor to be considered when performing a threat assessment?

A) subject's age
B) officer's size
C) subject's race
D) availability of backup

Question 8

A conscious and venal act committed by officers who usually take great pains to conceal their misconduct is called ______.

A) brutality
B) excessive force
C) unnecessary force
D) barbarism

Question 9

______ is usually a training problem, the result of ineptitude or insensitivity.

A) Brutality
B) Cruelty
C) Unnecessary force
D) Assault

Question 10

Differentiating brutality from unnecessary force is largely dependent on the officer's ______.

A) training
B) intent
C) skill
D) race

Question 11

Taking a resistant subject off of their feet is called ______.

A) a decentralization
B) a vertical stun
C) a focused strike
D) excessive force

Question 12

If a subject is killed as a result of police use of force is generally as the result of ______.

A) a baton
B) a police vehicle pursuit
C) a firearm
D) OC spray

Question 13

The most common type of physical force used by the police is ______.

A) lethal force
B) impact weapons
C) OC spray
D) bodily force

Question 14

The majority of subjects killed by police in deadly force incidents are ______.

A) White
B) Black
C) Hispanic
D) Asian

Question 15

Which type of force is most likely to result in injuries to subjects?

A) bodily force
B) impact weapons
C) Tasers
D) OC spray

Question 16

When a person's body position prevents them from normal and adequate breathing, it is called ______.

A) choking
B) positional asphyxia
C) ligature strangulation
D) manual strangulation

Question 17

Which U.S. Supreme Court case limited the use of deadly force against fleeing suspects to those who pose a serious danger to police officers of others?

A) Miranda v. Arizona
B) Wardlow v. Pickett
C) Gibbon v. Ogden
D) Tennessee v. Garner

Question 18

The ______ maintains a database of incidents involving police shooting and killing subjects based on publication and review of online media reports.

A) FBI
B) Washington Post
C) Philadelphia Inquirer
D) Department of Justice

Question 19

When a subject intentionally engages in life-threatening behaviors to coerce police into responding with deadly force, it is called ______.

A) brutality
B) excessive force
C) suicide by cop
D) situational danger

Question 20

An overwhelming majority of suicide by cop subjects ______.

A) are homeless
B) injured police officers or others
C) are female
D) are male

Question 21

Suicide by cop situations are primarily focused on suicide prevention and ______.

A) community outreach
B) public safety
C) conservation of resources
D) mental health awareness

Question 22

A serious and potentially deadly medical condition with symptoms that include psychotic behavior, elevated temperature, and an extreme fight-or-flight response by the nervous system is called ______.

A) excited delirium
B) delirium tremens
C) toxic shock syndrome
D) narcolepsy

Question 23

According to the National Institute of Justice, the risk of death in a CED-related use of force incident is ______.

A) 20%
B) 5%
C) 1%
D) less than 0.25%

Question 24

Which of the following officers is most likely to be involved in a use of force incident?

A) an officer working afternoon shift, ticketing cars
B) an officer on patrol during the day shift
C) an officer working night shift and making an arrest
D) an officer working at the front desk in the police department

Question 25

The police activity most frequently connected to instances of use of force is ______.

A) arrests
B) motor vehicle stops
C) ticketing parked cars
D) undercover investigations

Question 26

Which officer characteristic is most influential in determining the frequency by which officers will use force?

A) height and weight
B) age
C) race
D) physical fitness level

Question 27

A way for police administrators to record and monitor certain police behaviors, with the objective of identifying potentially problematic patterns and addressing the behaviors while they can still be addressed is called ______.

A) de-escalation techniques
B) objective behavior deterrence
C) early intervention systems
D) symptomatic behavior identification

Question 28

What should be done in order to control a situation that could potentially lead to use of force?

A) Always try to reason with an enraged person.
B) Try to reduce the subject's level of anger before trying to reason with him/her.
C) Do not attempt to communicate with the subject.
D) Arrest the subject.

Question 29

Body-worn cameras may affect citizens' behaviors when interacting with the police. This phenomenon has been referred to as a(n) ______ effect.

A) civilizing
B) attitude
C) resistance
D) force

Question 30

"Show me your hands" is an example of which form of verbalization?

A) search talk
B) persuasion
C) light control
D) heavy control

Question 31

To help officers understand when the use of different types of force may be reasonable, most departments provide officers with a "continuum of force."

Question 32

The Department of Justice has mandated that all law enforcement agencies employ the continuum of force model created by the Federal Bureau of Investigation.

Question 33

"Sir, would you mind stepping over here?" is an example of persuasive verbalization.

Question 34

Tasers are standard equipment issued to all police officers in the U.S.

Question 35

When performing a threat assessment, one of the factors that should be considered is the subject's size.

Question 36

If officer backup is far away or not available, the threat assessment may be higher than if backup were immediately available.

Question 37

The "edged weapon defense" holds that a person is not a threat until they are within 10 feet of the officer.

Question 38

When well-meaning officers charge into situations from which they can then extricate themselves only by using force, it is an example of unnecessary force.

Question 39

Brutality may be a good-faith police mistake.

Question 40

The type of force most likely to result in injury to officers is bodily force.

Question 41

Serious injuries to subjects and to officers as a result of bodily force are common.

Question 42

Obesity is contributing factor to positional asphyxia deaths.

Question 43

To prevent positional asphyxia, officers should never sit or lean on the abdomen of a subject.

Question 44

Police officers are allowed to use deadly force to apprehend any fleeing felon.

Question 45

In 2018, nearly 1,000 people were shot and killed by the police in the U.S.

Question 46

A majority of subjects killed by police officers in deadly force incidents are African American.

Question 47

In deadly force situations, police officers are trained to stop the threat and may fire their weapon as many times as necessary to achieve this goal.

Question 48

Suicide by cop incidents pose a much greater risk to officer safety and the safety of the general public than other suicides.

Question 49

Incidents of suicide by cop are difficult to measure because the intent of the subject is not always known.

Question 50

Almost all suicide by cop incidents end with the subject being killed by police.

Question 51

A majority of suicide by cop subjects are female.

Question 52

Drones are an example of military technology being adapted for use in a law enforcement setting.

Question 53

Oleoresin capsicum spray is an example of a less likely to be lethal weapon employed by many law enforcement officers.

Question 54

Police culture has little influence on police officer use of force.

Question 55

A small percentage of police officers account for a relatively large proportion of force incidents in any given police department.

Question 56

Explain the purpose of the continuum of force.

Question 57

Identify and explain the three major limitations to continua of force for police action.

Question 58

Discuss threat assessment and the factors that should be considered when assessing threats.

Question 59

Assess the 21-foot rule and its limitations.

Question 60

Explain the difference between brutality and excessive force.

Question 61

Identify the primary goal of bodily force and list at least two common types of bodily force.

Question 62

Define positional asphyxia and identify the four factors that contribute to positional asphyxia deaths.

Question 63

Define suicide by cop (SbC) and explain why SbC incidents are more dangerous than other suicides.

Question 64

Explain why accurately measuring incidents of suicide by cop is difficult.

Question 65

Provide examples of how military technology has been adapted to meet the needs of law enforcement.

Question 66

Identify at least two types of less-likely-to-be-lethal weapons available to law enforcement, and describe how they work.

Question 67

Identify the key symptoms of excited delirium and why it is important for police to recognize these symptoms.

Question 68

Evaluate patterns of use of force among police officers.

Question 69

Explain the benefits of body-worn cameras (BWCs) in controlling police use of force.

Question 70

Explain how early intervention systems work and their value to the police.