Deck 9: The Changing Meaning of Community

Question 1

One of the main findings from Wilson and Kelling's study ("broken windows") was:

A)police can control crime
B)police can control fear of crime
C)police need the assistance of the community to control crime
D)only the community can control crime

Answer 1

police need the assistance of the community to control crime

Question 2

Wilson and Kelling's "broken windows" study also found that police should focus on ____________ crime to have an impact on more serious crime.

A)disorder and minor crime
B)drug abuse
C)white-collar crime
D)broken windows and broken cars

Answer 2

disorder and minor crime

Question 3

According to social disorganization theory, crime rates were higher in inner-city areas that were characterized as:

A)transitional
B)transactional
C)dichotomous
D)gentrified

Answer 3

transitional

Question 4

Bursik and Grasmick (1993) identified three levels of social control.Which of the following is NOT one of them?

A)parochial
B)private
C)paternal
D)public

Question 5

____________ mechanisms refer to the family and social networks that develop within neighborhoods.

A)Private social control
B)Parochial social control
C)Public social control
D)Community social control

Question 6

____________ consists of churches and schools.

A)Public social control
B)Private social control
C)Community social control
D)Parochial social control

Question 7

____________ mechanisms include the police and other governmental agencies.

A)Private social control
B)Public social control
C)Community social control
D)Parochial social control

Question 8

According to rational choice theory, committing a crime is:

A)irrational
B)a decision-making process
C)a result of mental illness
D)all of the above

Question 9

increased interest in crime prevention programs is:

A)grants from the federal and state governments for community improvement.
B)fear of the police.
C)realization by police that crime cannot be controlled without the help of the community.
D)all of the above

Question 10

The _____________ stated that crime and delinquency rates were higher in inner-city neighborhoods that are characterized as transitional.

A)routine activities theory
B)rational choice theory
C)social disorganization theory
D)transitional choice theory.

Question 11

claims that there is a calculus, or decision-making process, that people perform when deciding to commit crime.Criminals make decisions to commit crime to fulfill some need or purpose.

A)Routine activities theory
B)Rational choice theory
C)Social disorganization theory
D)Transitional choice theory.

Question 12

proposes that a crime consists of three elements: (1) a motivated criminal, (2) a target or object of a crime, and (3) the absence of guardianship.

A)Routine activities theory
B)Rational choice theory
C)Social disorganization theory
D)Transitional choice theory.

Question 13

proposes that crime can be prevented through either architectural or environmental design of structures or public areas.

A)Situational crime prevention.
B)Social development program
C)Crime prevention through environmental design
D)Opportunity reducing theory

Question 14

Community crime prevention programs are geared specifically to get people more involved in crime prevention.Most efforts in community crime prevention have centered on:

A)neighborhood watches
B)community anti-drug programs
C)public media campaigns
D)all of the above

Question 15

Crime prevention programs use public media campaigns to prevent crime.Which of the following would be consider true regarding the relationship between the media and the police?

A)Police use the media to inform the public about crime problems.
B)Media and police do not cooperate with each other due to competitive goals.
C)Police began cooperating with the media during the early 2000s.
D)all of the above

Question 16

Crime prevention has a theoretical foundation.

Question 17

Community crime prevention programs are those designed to enhance participation in crime prevention.

Question 18

Legislative/administrative programs are the traditional police methods aimed at reducing opportunities or arresting criminals.

Question 19

Target hardening is where measures are taken to make it more difficult to commit a crime.

Question 20

Surveillance, according to Lab (2007), is any action that increases the probability that offenders will be observed.

Question 21

The rational choice theory claims that offender commit crime because they cannot control their actions.The action is irrational or impulsive in nature.

Question 22

Neighborhood watches, block watches, or private patrols are probably the primary methods used by the police for community crime prevention programming.These programs are initiated by the police and, once they begin, people develop more cohesive relations and actively participate in crime prevention.

Question 23

Social development programs attempt to increase the number of motivated offenders in society.The focus is on the conditions that contribute to education.

Question 24

Traditional police tactics include rapid response to crimes, routine patrol, criminal investigations, making arrests, and inspecting licensed premises.

Question 25

A relatively new community crime prevention program is preventive patrol by uniform officers.

Question 26

The media use the police to control their public image.

Question 27

Access control uses hardware such as gates, locks, bars on windows and doors, fences, and any other devices that make it difficult for a criminal to enter and exit an area or premise.

Question 28

Criminal behavioral change refers to making changes that discourage criminal behavior.

Question 29

Crime prevention through environmental design advocated the use of outside public places such as yards to prevent crime instead of architectural design of structures to reduce crime.

Question 30

A variation of neighborhood watch is the community anti-drug campaign.

Question 31

Explain the three types of social control and how they affect the community.

Question 32

Describe the three types of community crime prevention programs designed to get more people involved from the community.Explain how they are utilized by law enforcement.

Question 33

What are the two schools of thought in crime prevention through environmental design (CPTED)? Explain how they differ from each other.What were the tactics?

Question 34

Compare and contrast the three theories (rational choice, social disorganization, and routine activities) that help to explain crime prevention programs.