Deck 1: Early History of Punishment and the Development of Prisons in the United States

Question 1

What was the Church's early equivalent to a legal proceeding?

A) Secular trial
B) Trial by redemption
C) Trial by intervention
D) Trial by ordeal

Answer 1

D

Question 2

What was the first prison in America?

A) Mamertine Prison
B) Old Newgate Prison
C) The Walnut Street Jail
D) The Hulk

Answer 2

B

Question 3

What set of codified laws was based on equal retaliation?

A) Book of the Covenant
B) Sumerian Code
C) Draco's Code
D) Code of Hammurabi

Answer 3

D

Question 4

Maconochie's principles are often referred to as the __________ system.

A) mark
B) determinate
C) check
D) reformatory

Question 5

The first reformatory was named __________ Reformatory.

A) Elmira
B) Brockway
C) Walnut Street
D) Auburn

Question 6

The prototype prison farm was in what state?

A) Arkansas
B) Texas
C) Mississippi
D) Louisiana

Question 7

The ______________ system was a prison model consisting of small individual cells, a large work area for group labor, and enforced silence.

A) New York
B) Philadelphia
C) Auburn
D) Pennsylvania

Question 8

In the Roman Empire, a complete loss of citizenship and liberty, confiscation of property, and release of a spouse to remarry is called __________.

A) civil death
B) slavery
C) offender marginalization
D) offender disenfranchisement

Question 9

William Penn, and the Pennsylvania Quakers, created a body of laws called the __________.

A) Great Law
B) Ordeal Law
C) Brutalization Law
D) Disablement Law

Question 10

__________ was/were a significant consequent of inmates incarcerated through the Pennsylvania system.

A) Sanitary issues
B) Diseases
C) Mental illness
D) Breakup of families

Question 11

Which of the following philosophers developed the hedonistic calculus?

A) Cesare Beccaria
B) John Howard
C) Jeremy Bentham
D) Francois Voltaire

Question 12

Who is recognized as the founder of the classical school of criminology?

A) Jeremy Bentham
B) Cesare Beccaria
C) William Penn
D) Francois Voltaire

Question 13

Who worked to alleviate some of the abuses and improve sanitary conditions in correctional facilities?

A) William Penn
B) Jeremy Bentham
C) John Howard
D) Cesare Beccaria

Question 14

Which states are the "Big Four" in corrections?

A) California, Pennsylvania, Virginia, and Ohio
B) California, New York, Texas, and Florida
C) Pennsylvania, Colorado, Ohio, and Florida
D) Texas, Virginia, Colorado, and California

Question 15

The two major competing concepts or systems of prison designs used within the United States for the majority of the 20th century were __________.

A) the Pennsylvania system and the New York system
B) the Philadelphia system and the Auburn system
C) the Philadelphia system and the New York system
D) the Pennsylvania system and the Auburn system

Question 16

The infliction of physical pain upon an offender is called _______________.

A) capital punishment
B) redemption punishment
C) secular punishment
D) corporal punishment

Question 17

What was the first American institution exclusively dedicated to the correction of felons?

A) Mamertine Prison
B) The Walnut Street Jail
C) Old Newgate Prison
D) The Hulk

Question 18

The _______________ system was an early prison system requiring inmate silence, individual cells, and inmate labor within those cells.

A) New York
B) Philadelphia
C) Auburn
D) Pennsylvania

Question 19

Which is the correct timeline for the opening of early American prisons?

A) Eastern Penitentiary, Western Penitentiary, Auburn Prison, Walnut Street Jail, Old Newgate Prisoc
B) Old Newgate Prison, Walnut Street Jail, Auburn Prison, Western Penitentiary, Eastern Penitentiary
C) Old Newgate Prison, Auburn Prison, Eastern Penitentiary, Walnut Street Jail, Western Penitentiary
D) Auburn Prison, Old Newgate Prison, Walnut Street Jail, Eastern Penitentiary, Western Penitentiary

Question 20

The brutalization hypothesis states the use of harsh punishments is an effective deterrent.

Question 21

Prior to the Civil War, separate laws were required of free slaves and free men who turned criminal.

Question 22

The legal basis for lex talionis is the desire for revenge.

Question 23

The majority of offenders who had been subjected to transportation were male, skilled, and from the lower classes.

Question 24

The infliction of physical pain upon an offender is called corporal punishment.

Question 25

The Martinson Report argued that rehabilitation greatly reduced recidivism.

Question 26

What effects did the American Civil War have on prisons and offenders? How did these effects influence the industrial prison era?

Question 27

Explain the process that led to the development of crimes being an act in violation of a king or queen's authority.

Question 28

Among early societies, religious offenses were considered less dangerous than secular offenses.

Question 29

Corporal punishment was a common form of state punishment. Provide a definition of corporal punishment. Name at least three forms of corporal punishment and describe their purpose.

Question 30

Banishment was the punishment most often used in lieu of capital punishment.

Question 31

Ultimately, the Auburn system was the model that states adopted due to economic advantages over the Pennsylvania system.