Question 1

In Portugal, which year was a private organisation established to promote international tourism?&#10;A)1870&#10;B)1906&#10;C)1948&#10;D)1972

Accepted Answer

In 1906, Portugal established a private organisation aimed at promoting international tourism, marking an early recognition of the importance of tourism to the country's economy and cultural exchange.

Question 2

In Spain, in which year was the first government institution established to promote tourism?&#10;A)1890&#10;B)1911&#10;C)1968&#10;D)1984

Accepted Answer

The first government institution in Spain established to promote tourism was created in 1911, marking the beginning of organized efforts to boost tourism in the country.

Question 3

According to Hall (2011), which of the following is NOT a type of governance affecting tourism?&#10;A)Individual businesses&#10;B)Hierarchies (i.e. the state)&#10;C)Markets (i.e. private-sector partnerships)&#10;D)Communities (i.e. Local Authorities)

Accepted Answer

Individual businesses are not considered a type of governance affecting tourism according to Hall (2011). Governance in the context of tourism typically refers to broader organizational structures and systems such as hierarchies (the state), markets (private-sector partnerships), and communities (local authorities), rather than individual businesses.

Question 4

Which term describes a change in the relationship between the state and public sector?&#10;A)Neoliberalism&#10;B)Marxism&#10;C)Public good&#10;D)The Third Way

Accepted Answer

Neoliberalism describes a shift towards market-oriented policies, reducing state intervention in the public sector, and promoting privatization and deregulation.

Question 5

Hall (2007) argued that the government plays several roles in tourism but NOT:&#10;A)Coordination and planning&#10;B)Legislation and regulation&#10;C)Entrepreneurship and stimulation&#10;D)Promoting business profitability

Accepted Answer

Hall (2007) suggests that while governments are involved in coordination, planning, legislation, regulation, and stimulating entrepreneurship within the tourism sector, directly promoting business profitability is not typically seen as a primary role of government in tourism. Governments focus on creating a conducive environment for businesses to thrive rather than directly intervening to ensure specific businesses are profitable.

Question 6

In what country is the World Tourism Organisation located?&#10;A)Paris&#10;B)New York&#10;C)Madrid&#10;D)London

Accepted Answer

The World Tourism Organization (UNWTO) is headquartered in Madrid, Spain.

Question 7

The primary challenges facing DMOs do NOT generally include:&#10;A)A greater shift towards public sector funding&#10;B)Survival and development&#10;C)Changing trends and markets for their services&#10;D)Internal and external governance issues

Accepted Answer

The primary challenges facing Destination Management Organizations (DMOs) generally include survival and development, adapting to changing trends and markets, and addressing internal and external governance issues. A greater shift towards public sector funding is not typically considered a challenge for DMOs; in fact, public sector funding can be a vital source of support for these organizations.

Question 8

What is the main area of DMO expenditure?&#10;A)Management&#10;B)Marketing&#10;C)Infrastructure provision&#10;D)Business development

Accepted Answer

The main area of Destination Marketing Organization (DMO) expenditure is typically on marketing. DMOs are primarily focused on promoting a destination to increase visitation, which involves a variety of marketing strategies and campaigns.

Question 9

Which of the following is the odd one out in Pearce's typology of DMOs&#10;A)City/district councils&#10;B)Regional tourism organisations&#10;C)Economic development agencies&#10;D)Cooperative tourism organisations

Accepted Answer

Cooperative tourism organisations are not typically classified as a type of Destination Management Organization (DMO) in Pearce's typology, which focuses more on formal governmental and regional entities.

Question 10

According to Pike (2008), corporations selling fast moving consumer goods (FMCGs) spend&#10;A)Less than NTOs on marketing&#10;B)The same as NTOs on marketing&#10;C)More than NTOs on marketing&#10;D)It varies according to the category of FMCG

Accepted Answer

Corporations selling fast-moving consumer goods (FMCGs) typically spend more on marketing than National Tourist Organizations (NTOs) due to the highly competitive nature of the FMCG market and the need to constantly engage consumers with their brands.

Deck 13: Continuous Improvement - The Basics