Deck 3: Toward a Holistic View: Decision-Making, Postmodern, and Emerging Theories

Question 1

According to Evans, Rotter, and Gold, the most vital aspect of career and life decision making is the individual.

Answer 1

False

Question 2

People should search for a career in which they will be content for their entire working life.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

Regarding employment opportunity, all Americans possess "liberty and justice," as promised in the Pledge of Allegiance.

Answer 3

False

Question 4

In the past 60 years, the United States has moved from an economy in which the majority of jobs were filled by unskilled workers to one in which a high school and often a college degree is necessary.

Question 5

Hansen's six tasks are all focused on a holistic view of career development

Question 6

How many jobs on average have baby boomers held from ages 18 to 50?

A) 5
B) 8
C) 12
D) 15

Question 7

The word "vocation" is derived from the Latin word vocare, which means what?

A) To become
B) To search
C) To call
D) To do

Question 8

In experiential psychology, Adler and May name four bases for finding meaning. Which of the following is not one of these bases?

A) Achieving
B) Experiencing
C) Interacting
D) Focaling

Question 9

Which one of the following behaviors is not recommended by Seligman as a means of overcoming career and life barriers?

A) Don't think about negative or troubling things
B) Try to find alternative explanations for negative events or feelings
C) Consider whether catastrophic implications are likely
D) Find evidence that negative thoughts are true or untrue

Question 10

Constructivist Theories examine:

A) Process and product
B) Behavior and consequence
C) Thought and perception
D) Action and meaning

Question 11

Match the theorist with the appropriate description or contribution.

-Existentialist who survived a concentration camp

A) Frankl
B) Gelatt
C) Holland
D) Seligman
E) Schlossberg

Question 12

Match the theorist with the appropriate description or contribution.

-RIASEC codes

A) Frankl
B) Gelatt
C) Holland
D) Seligman
E) Schlossberg

Question 13

Match the theorist with the appropriate description or contribution.

-Learned Optimism

A) Frankl
B) Gelatt
C) Holland
D) Seligman
E) Schlossberg

Question 14

Match the theorist with the appropriate description or contribution.

-Positive Uncertainty

A) Frankl
B) Gelatt
C) Holland
D) Seligman
E) Schlossberg

Question 15

Match the theorist with the appropriate description or contribution.

-The "4 S" system

A) Frankl
B) Gelatt
C) Holland
D) Seligman
E) Schlossberg

Question 16

Identifying barriers and planning strategies to overcome, avoid, or change them are important aspects of the counseling process.

Question 17

The United States economy has shifted to a more service-oriented labor force in recent years.

Question 18

It is projected that jobs in manufacturing, a traditional employer of unskilled and semi-skilled workers, is expected to decline 84% from 2008-2018.

Question 19

Internal barriers may include a poor self-concept, lack of hope or optimism, fear of failure, or even fear of success.

Question 20

Individuals born in the later years of the baby boom held 11.9 jobs from ages 18 to 50 with nearly half of these jobs held from ages 18 to 24.

Question 21

Frankl's (1963) proposition was that meaning is essential to career development.

Question 22

Career development was formerly called vocational guidance.

Question 23

According to Brewer (2001), the connection between work and spirituality relates to a personal sense of life's meaning, an unfolding sense of self, and purpose that is expressed and driven by action.

Question 24

Although many people are motivated by the need for achievement, many others are motivated by the need for affiliation.

Question 25

In researching the phenomenon of burnout through case studies, Malach-Pines and Yafe- Yanai (2001) concluded that career burnout resulted from a failure in the search for meaning through work.

Question 26

Savickas (1997) deconstructs the word "spirituality" to remind us of its origin, which is esprit, meaning heart.

Question 27

An existential worldview is one in which the focus is on living in the past and trying to find current meaning from past events.

Question 28

The term "spirituality" encompasses a variety of concepts. True

Question 29

According to the chapter, individuals need to practice intentionality, a way of using one's mind to influence events.

Question 30

The concept of a Vocational Soul journey Paradigm is defined as "the ongoing interior process of discovering meaning, being, and doing and the expression of that discovery in the exterior world of work through four possible paths: job, occupation, career, and vocation."

Question 31

Planned Happenstance proposes that "chance favors the prepared mind."

Question 32

The paradoxical intervention of encouraging indecision can create discomfort and resistance from clients who want clarity and closure.

Question 33

The concept of the preventive check-up, or dental model, by Goodman (1991, 1992) has been used as a way of describing ongoing career development activities.

Question 34

Hansen's (1997) third principle involves negotiating the balance of career goals and actual monetary needs.

Question 35

Schulthiess (2003) puts forth a passionate proposal for a relational approach to career counseling. She suggests that traditional career counseling can be enhanced by this approach, using a relational approach to assessment and intervention.