Deck 4: Argumentation

Question 1

what is the definition of following key term
-Argumentation

Answer 1

the presentation of reasoned evidence as a form of persuasion.

Question 2

what is the definition of following key term
-Argumentation

Answer 2

"The practices of justifying decisions under conditions of uncertainty."

Question 3

what is the definition of following key term
-Authoritative warrants

Answer 3

based in the credibility, or ethos, of the data.

Question 4

what is the definition of following key term
-Backing

Question 5

what is the definition of following key term
-Claim

Question 6

what is the definition of following key term
-Deductive reasoning

Question 7

what is the definition of following key term
-Ethos

Question 8

what is the definition of following key term
-Inductive reasoning

Question 9

what is the definition of following key term
-Logos

Question 10

what is the definition of following key term
-Motivational warrants

Question 11

what is the definition of following key term
-Pathos

Question 12

what is the definition of following key term
-Private sphere

Question 13

what is the definition of following key term
-Public sphere

Question 14

what is the definition of following key term
-Qualifier

Question 15

what is the definition of following key term
-Rebuttal

Question 16

what is the definition of following key term
-Substantive warrants

Question 17

what is the definition of following key term
-Technical sphere

Question 18

what is the definition of following key term
-Warrant

Question 19

Argumentation is

A) the sphere of our personal relationship in day-to-day life.
B) the designation of an appeal to the passions or the emotions.
C) the presentation of reasoned evidence as a form of persuasion.
D) the observation of specifics to draw general conclusions.
E) a qualifier for the extent or degree of the claim.

Question 20

While visiting Jane at her home, she and Susan began talking about a proposed increase in city water rates. This is an example of what type of sphere argument?

A) technical
B) inductive
C) public
D) deductive
E) private

Question 21

According to Tannen, making an argument involves

A) a valid claim.
B) having a fight.
C) taking a position.
D) emotionally driven tactics.
E) ethos.

Question 22

A warrant is

A) the part of the argument to be defended.
B) the part of the argument that links the data to the claim.
C) counter to arguments made against the claim.
D) the observation of specifics to draw general conclusions.
E) the sphere of our personal relationships in day-to-day life.

Question 23

Matt had to make a decision for himself about which used car to purchase: one that traveled many miles per gallon and another that was very reliable. This is an example of what type of sphere argument?

A) technical
B) inductive
C) public
D) deductive
E) private

Question 24

According to Zarefsky, we do NOT argue about

A) claims.
B) warrants.
C) facts.
D) abstract ideas.
E) reasoned evidence.

Question 25

Brockeride states that some arguers are seducers because they

A) use sex appeal to distract.
B) qualify extent or degree of the claim.
C) seek to coerce consent out of their opponents.
D) use charm or deceit to persuade.
E) attempt to persuade by brute force.

Question 26

"Greasy food is unhealthy, so you shouldn't eat pizza." What is this type of argument called?

A) private
B) enthymeme
C) deductive
D) substantive
E) motivational

Question 27

Following the logician's approach, arguments can be found

A) right or wrong.
B) Abstract
C) Concrete
D) substantive
E) Motivational.

Question 28

Thomas Goodnight's sphere of our personal relationships in our day-to-day life is known as

A) private.
B) technical.
C) public.
D) semi-private.
E) nonverbal.

Question 29

Your university hired marketing consultants to identify ways to recruit more students. A team of the consultants debated among themselves about the best strategy. This is an example of what type of sphere argument?

A) technical
B) inductive
C) public
D) deductive
E) private

Question 30

The logician's approach of needing to prove that an argument is------------ takes us away from studying argumentation as a form of persuasion.

A) public
B) private
C) technical
D) refuted
E) valid

Question 31

Scholars state that--------------- are the reasons that turn any claim into a full argument.

A) warrants
B) pathos
C) rebuttals
D) qualifiers
E) data

Question 32

The claim "It is important to regularly change the oil in your car" is based on the data that "Proper car maintenance will prolong the life of your car." The warrant in this argument draws upon the substantive claim that

A) your car needs to be well taken care of.
B) the car cannot run without gasoline.
C) your car can only be maintained through oil changes.
D) changing the oil helps you maintain your car.
E) changing oil is a serious issue.

Question 33

A logician would------------------ a commercial that showed sad pictures of animals to make an argument about animal treatment.

A) dismiss
B) praise
C) support
D) reconsider
E) study

Question 34

Some communication scholars prefer to use ------------------ , which requires observations of specifics to draw general conclusions.

A) warrants
B) inductive reasoning
C) ethos
D) deductive reasoning
E) claims

Question 35

"Brushing your teeth makes you more approachable." This is an example of which type
Of warrant?

A) authoritative
B) enthymeme
C) deductive
D) substantive
E) motivational

Question 36

The ethical value of argumentation refers to

A) ethos.
B) using backing with a warrant.
C) using inductive and deductive reasoning.
D) the process of making an argument.
E) pathos.

Question 37

A---------------- is part of the argument to be defended and clearly spells out the general conclusion of the argument.

A) warrant
B) rebuttal
C) claim
D) qualifier
E) syllogism

Question 38

"Three nationally recognized economists report that the nation's economy is recovering."
This is an example of which type of warrant?

A) authoritative
B) enthymeme
C) deductive
D) substantive
E) motivational

Question 39

Democracy relies on which argumentation sphere?

A) private
B) public
C) technical
D) substantive
E) motivational

Question 40

Logicians use a three-part structure called a-------------- when making an argument.

A) claim
B) warrant
C) syllogism
D) qualifier
E) rebuttal

Question 41

-----------------warrants are based on the values or needs of the arguer or the audience.

A) Substantive
B) Deductive reasoning
C) Authoritative
D) Motivational
E) Technical sphere

Question 42

"Eating a balanced diet will improve your overall health." This is an example of which type of warrant?

A) authoritative
B) enthymeme
C) deductive
D) substantive
E) motivational

Question 43

---------------- warrants are less common and rest on abstract ideas.

A) Substantive
B) Motivational
C) Authoritative
D) Technical
E) Public

Question 44

An argument typically involves bickering and shouting.

Question 45

If an arguer is using the lover approach to argumentation, he or she is willing to risk losing the argument rather than pursuing any means whatsoever for victory.

Question 46

Goodnight's spheres refer to the type of audience intended.

Question 47

Everyone engages in argumentation.

Question 48

Deductive reasoning works from the observation of specifics to draw general conclusions.

Question 49

For the logician, argumentation is only about pathos.

Question 50

Persuasion is a much more uncertain and much messier practice than the logician's take on argumentation.

Question 51

A warrant spells out the general conclusion of the argument in clear and straightforward terms.

Question 52

The claim is the primary and most basic part of an argument.

Question 53

An argument with a strong warrant-a warrant that most people agree
with-will likely be the most persuasive type of argument.

Question 54

Write a syllogism about the importance of a college education.

Question 55

Choose an example of an argument and make your case using the Toulmin model.

Question 56

Give examples of arguments in the private, technical, and public spheres. Which spheres of argument do you encounter most in your daily life? Why does it matter to distinguish between these spheres?

Question 57

How does studying argumentation enhance your understanding of persuasion?

Question 58

List and gives example of each of the types of warrants. Why is it important to distinguish between these warrants?

Question 59

How do you go about identifying credible sources in your private life? In the public sphere?

Question 60

What values might best support an argument in the private sphere? In the public sphere?
Why do you think those values are the best?

Question 61

When you are using reasoning to construct an argument, do you prefer to use inductive or deductive reasoning? Why?

Question 62

Is it possible to make a decision based solely on logical principles and ignoring values and emotions, beliefs, and credibility? Why or why not?

Question 63

You are writing a persuasive paper for an English class. Choose a topic and write an outline below for how you would defend your argument.