Deck 1: Basic Physics for the Respiratory Therapist

Question 1

Incompressible substances that are able to maintain their volume and shape are called:

A) gases.
B) solids.
C) liquids.
D) compounds.

Answer 1

B
Solids are characterized as incompressible substances that can maintain their volume and shape.Gases and liquids do not maintain their volume and shape as well as solids do.

Question 2

If the velocity of an object is reduced by half,its kinetic energy will be which of the following?

A) Reduced to one eighth
B) Increased twofold
C) Reduced twofold
D) Not changed

Answer 2

A

Question 3

The most potential energy is contained by which state of matter?

A) Gases
B) Solids
C) Liquids
D) Mixtures

Answer 3

B
Of all states of matter,solids contain the most potential energy; solids are followed by liquids and then gases.

Question 4

The kinetic theory holds that:

A) all matter is composed of tiny particles.
B) elements combine in fixed proportions to form molecules.
C) the energy that an object gains as it falls is a result of gravity.
D) atoms and molecules that make up matter are in constant motion.

Question 5

Supercooled liquids are also known as which of the following?

A) Elements
B) Compounds
C) Crystalline solids
D) Amorphous solids

Question 6

The potential energy of a compressed spring is known as which of the following?

A) Gravitational
B) Chemical
C) Inelastic
D) Elastic

Question 7

Which is the correct order for increasing size?

A) Atoms, molecules, mixtures, compounds, elements
B) Atoms, elements, molecules, compounds, mixtures
C) Elements, atoms, molecules, compounds, mixtures
D) Atoms, elements, mixtures, molecules, compounds

Question 8

Four horsepower (hp)is equal to how many kilowatts (kW)?

A) 5.36
B) 2.98
C) 2984
D) 186.5

Question 9

The energy that an object possesses when it is in motion is called:

A) sound.
B) kinetic.
C) thermal.
D) potential.

Question 10

Which of the following are amorphous solids?
1)Iron
2)Glass
3)Plastic
4)Margarine

A) 1
B) 1 and 3
C) 2 and 4
D) 2, 3, and 4

Question 11

The least amount of kinetic energy is possessed by which one of the following?

A) Air
B) Iron
C) Water
D) Plastic

Question 12

The weakest cohesive forces between constituent particles are present in which of the following?

A) Water
B) Plastic
C) Hydrogen
D) Liquid oxygen

Question 13

Energy that is stored in an object is called which of the following?

A) Kinetic
B) Potential
C) Chemical
D) Mechanical

Question 14

When effort produces a change in the position of matter:

A) work is performed.
B) it is known as a joule.
C) mechanical power is created.
D) the law of the conservation of energy is being used.

Question 15

The energy stored in heating oil is known as which of the following?

A) Elastic
B) Atomic
C) Chemical
D) Gravitational

Question 16

Power is expressed in which of the following units?

A) Newtons
B) Joules
C) Ohms
D) Watts

Question 17

Power is a measure of which of the following?

A) Mechanical energy
B) Gravitational potential energy
C) The rate at which work is being performed
D) The rate at which atoms and molecules move

Question 18

The unit used to express the force of 1 newton (N)acting on a 1-kilogram (kg)object to move it 1 meter (m)is which of the following?

A) Watt
B) Joule
C) Kilowatt
D) Kinetic energy

Question 19

A cylinder of compressed gas contains 1500 psig at 70° F; the cylinder is heated to 120° F.Which of the following effects will occur as a result of the temperature change?
1)There will be increased kinetic activity in the contents of the cylinder
2)The volume of gas in the cylinder will increase
3)The pressure indicated on the pressure gauge will increase.

A) 1 only
B) 1 and 2
C) 1 and 3
D) 2 and 3

Question 20

Atoms and molecules arranged in an orderly fashion are called:

A) Solids
B) Mixtures
C) Crystalline
D) Amorphous

Question 21

The temperature above which gas molecules cannot be converted back to a liquid,no matter how much pressure is exerted,is known as which of the following?

A) Critical temperature
B) Critical point
C) Boiling point
D) Latent heat

Question 22

How many degrees Fahrenheit is 200° K?

A) -99.4° F
B) -58.3° F
C) 32° F
D) 0° F

Question 23

The point at which the vapor pressure of a liquid equals atmospheric pressure is known as which of the following?

A) Critical temperature
B) Vapor pressure
C) Boiling point
D) Latent heat

Question 24

How many degrees Kelvin is 25° F?

A) 298° K
B) 277° K
C) 269° K
D) 266° K

Question 25

Absolute zero is which of the following?

A) 0° K
B) The freezing point of water
C) Routinely measured in Fahrenheit
D) The temperature at which all molecular motion stops

Question 26

How much pressure must be applied to maintain equilibrium between liquid and gaseous oxygen at its critical temperature?

A) 1 atm
B) 37 atm
C) 43.9 atm
D) 49.7 atm

Question 27

Which two of the following are ways to enhance the process of evaporation?
1)Decrease the temperature of the liquid
2)Increase the temperature of the liquid
3)Decrease atmospheric pressure
4)Increase atmospheric pressure

A) 1 and 3
B) 1 and 4
C) 2 and 3
D) 2 and 4

Question 28

A reduction in the force of gravity will cause the atmospheric pressure to:

A) shift.
B) increase.
C) decrease.
D) remain constant.

Question 29

How many degrees Fahrenheit is 425° K?

A) 152° F
B) 274° F
C) 306° F
D) 698° F

Question 30

How many degrees Celsius is 373° K?

A) 32° C
B) 100° C
C) 273° C
D) 341° C

Question 31

The boiling point of liquid oxygen is which of the following?

A) -119° C
B) 182° F
C) -183° C
D) 49.7° C

Question 32

Which two of the following temperatures are not equal?
1)15° C = 288° K
2)98.6° C = 32° F
3)20° F = -6.7° C
4)100° C = 273° K

A) 2 and 4
B) 1 and 3
C) 3 and 4
D) 1 and 2

Question 33

Which of the following statements are true concerning the latent heat of fusion?
1)It is also called evaporation.
2)It is expressed in calories per gram.
3)It will cause a complete change of state.
4)It is expressed in grams per degree Celsius.

A) 1 and 2
B) 1 and 3
C) 2 and 3
D) 2, 3, and 4

Question 34

How many degrees Fahrenheit is 100° K?

A) -331° F
B) -279° F
C) -173° F
D) 212° F

Question 35

How many millimeters of mercury is 25 cm H₂O?

A) 2.45
B) 18.4
C) 188
D) 34

Question 36

The process whereby a solid directly becomes a gas is known as:

A) latent heat.
B) sublimation.
C) evaporation.
D) condensation.

Question 37

How many kilopascals are equal to 15 mm Hg?

A) 2
B) 11
C) 153
D) 1.47

Question 38

Which two of the following are considered vapors?
1)Carbon dioxide
2)Nitrogen
3)Oxygen
4)Water

A) 1 and 3
B) 1 and 4
C) 2 and 3
D) 2 and 4

Question 39

How many degrees Celsius is 101° F?

A) 24° C
B) 145° C
C) 38.3° C
D) 56.1° C

Question 40

The temperature at which a solid converts to a liquid is the _____ point.

A) freezing
B) melting
C) boiling
D) critical

Question 41

If temperature is constant,which pressure results in the largest volume?

A) 15 mm Hg
B) 760 mm Hg
C) 1520 mm Hg
D) 2000 mm Hg

Question 42

According to Laplace's law,if the surface tension of a sphere is doubled,what will happen to the pressure within the sphere?

A) The pressure will decrease by one half.
B) The pressure will increase by one half.
C) The pressure will quadruple.
D) The pressure will double.

Question 43

Viscosity has an influence on which of the following?
1)Laminar flow
2)Fluid mechanics
3)Sedimentary rate
4)Streamlined flow

A) 1
B) 2 and 3
C) 2 and 4
D) 1,2,and 4

Question 44

Boyle's law describes the relationship between which of the following?

A) Pressure and temperature
B) Volume and temperature
C) Volume and pressure
D) Pressure and density

Question 45

Forces at the molecular interface between oil and water are known as _____ forces.

A) van der Waals
B) Hydrostatic
C) Cohesive
D) Adhesive

Question 46

What will happen to the surface tension of water droplets when a surface-active agent is added?

A) Nothing will happen.
B) It will increase.
C) It will decrease.
D) It will be eliminated.

Question 47

Which substance has the lowest surface tension?

A) Water at 20° C
B) Water at 37° C
C) Blood at 37° C
D) Ethyl alcohol at 20° C

Question 48

Under what conditions is the relationship between mass and weight constant?

A) In outer space
B) At zero gravity
C) At the center of the Earth
D) Near the surface of the Earth

Question 49

Specific gravity is best described as which of the following?

Question 50

According to the Système International d'Unités,surface tension is measured in:

A) cc3.
B) lb/iN₂.
C) lb/cc3.
D) dyne/cm.

Question 51

Which of the following shows the correct relationship among density,volume,and mass?
1)Density = volume/mass
2)Volume = density/mass
3)Mass = (density)/(volume)
4)Weight density = weight/volume

A) 1 and 3
B) 1 and 4
C) 4
D) 3 and 4

Question 52

A small-diameter glass tube is placed upright in a container of mercury.The meniscus at the top of the column of mercury is convex.This demonstrates that the:

A) cohesive forces of mercury are weak.
B) cohesive forces of mercury are strong.
C) adhesive forces within the mercury are strong.
D) adhesive forces between the mercury and the glass are strong.

Question 53

Surface tension is present in a container with which of the following?

A) Oxygen and hydrogen
B) Water and mercury
C) Water and chlorine
D) Water and salt

Question 54

Which of the following is least viscous?

A) Plastic
B) Gelatin (e.g., Jell-O)
C) Metal
D) Glass

Question 55

For solids and liquids,density can be expressed in which of the following units?
1)g/L
2)mg/mL
3)g/cc
4)L/cc

A)1

Question 56

A hydrometer is usually associated with measuring which of the following?
1)Hydrogen content
2)Specific gravity
3)Weight density
4)Water vapor

A) 1 and 3
B) 2 and 4
C) 2 and 3
D) 1,2,and 3

Question 57

Properties of a viscous liquid are:
1)Increased cohesive forces between its molecules
2)Low density
3)High density
4)Free flow

A) 1 and 3
B) 1,2,and 4
C) 2 and 4
D) 3 and 4

Question 58

What are the two opposing forces in a mercury barometer?

A) The weight of the mercury column and the force of the gas molecules
B) The weight of the mercury column and the spring tension
C) The spring tension and the gas pressure
D) The gravity and the gas pressure

Question 59

The effects of buoyancy are best explained by:

A) Archimedes principle.
B) Bernoulli principle.
C) Dalton's law.
D) Boyle's law.

Question 60

The surface tension of a liquid:

A) does not vary with temperature.
B) increases as temperature increases.
C) increases as temperature decreases.
D) decreases as temperature increases.

Question 61

Which of the following does not follow Dalton's law at sea level?

A) Oxygen
B) Nitrogen
C) Water vapor
D) Trace gases

Question 62

Which gas law describes the relationship between the temperature and pressure of a gas when volume is constant?

A) Gay-Lussac's law
B) Charles' law
C) Dalton's law
D) Boyle's law

Question 63

The direct relationship between the volume and temperature of a gas is the basic principle of _____ law.

A) Gay-Lussac's
B) Charles'
C) Dalton's
D) Boyle's

Question 64

The partial pressure of oxygen when there is 25% oxygen in a gas mixture at an atmospheric pressure of 760 mm Hg is ____ mm Hg.

A) 190
B) 30.4
C) 1900
D) 159.6

Question 65

It is implied that the absolute temperature of a gas will rise as the pressure is increased when which of the following occurs?

A) Absolute temperature of the gas reaches absolute zero
B) Size of the container remains constant
C) Volume of the gas is held constant
D) Volume of the gas is increased

Question 66

Which gas has the lowest specific gravity at 25° C and 760 mm Hg?

A) Water vapor
B) Helium
C) CO₂
D) O₂

Question 67

The movement of gas molecules from an area of high concentration to one of lower concentration describes the property of which of the following?

A) Osmosis
B) Effusion
C) Diffusion
D) Suspension

Question 68

In the combined-gas law,n represents:

A) Boltzmann's universal gas constant.
B) the atomic mass of the gas.
C) the number of moles of gas.
D) the partial pressure of a gas.

Question 69

One mole of any gas will occupy 22.4 L and contain ________ molecules.

A) 6.02 * 1023
B) 6.2 * 1023
C) 0.602 * 1023
D) 6.2 * 10-23

Question 70

Which of the following formulas represents Boyle's law?

A) V = 2P
B) V = 1/2P
C) P1V1 = P2V2
D) P1/P2 = V1/V2

Question 71

At what temperature would you expect to see the highest water-vapor pressure?

A) 0° C
B) 40° C
C) 100° C
D) Absolute zero

Question 72

Which is the correct formula for the principles of the combined-gas law?

A) P1V1/T1 = P2V2/T2
B) PVT = nR
C) P1V1/T2 = P2V2/T1
D) T2/P1V1 = T1/P2V2

Question 73

The combined-gas law best describes which of the following?

A) The behavior of all gases when volume is constant
B) The combined behavior of pressure, volume, and temperature
C) The additive properties of individual gases occupying the same space
D) The macroscopic behavior of gases when any or all variables change simultaneously

Question 74

A practical application of Avogadro's law is seen in the calculation of which of the following?
1)Specific gravity
2)Diffusion rate
3)Gas density
4)Osmosis

A) 1 and 2
B) 1 and 3
C) 2 and 4
D) 3 and 4

Question 75

The sum of the partial pressures of a gas mixture equals the total gas pressure of the system.This statement represents which of the following laws?

A) Dalton's law
B) Avogadro's law
C) The combined-gas law
D) Boltzmann's Universal Gas Constant

Question 76

Which of the following formulas represents Gay-Lussac's law?

A) P1/T1 = T2/P2
B) P1T1 = P2T2
C) P1T2 = P2T1
D) P = 1/T

Question 77

The partial pressure of a gas can be obtained by doing which of the following?

A) Multiplying the total mixture pressure by the percentage area a particular gas occupies
B) Multiplying the atmospheric pressure by the percentage of water vapor present
C) Subtracting the partial pressure of water vapor from the atmospheric pressure
D) Dividing the total pressure of a gas mixture by the atmospheric pressure

Question 78

The relationship of how the volume of a gas varies with temperature is known as _____ law.

A) Gay-Lussac's
B) Newton's
C) Charles'
D) Boyle's

Question 79

The partial pressure of nitrogen at 1 atm is _____ mm Hg.

A) 661.2
B) 592.8
C) 159.6
D) 0.228

Question 80

The molecular weight of a gas divided by 22.4 L is used to express which of the following?

A) Density
B) Diffusion rate
C) Partial pressure
D) Specific gravity