Question 1

ACE literature states that you probably won't ever use the formula in real life and you won't be tested on it, so why do you need to understand the Fick Equation? Because the Fick Equation measures:&#10;A)The rate at which the body uses oxygen during physical activity&#10;B)The rate at which the body burns calories during physical activity&#10;C)The relationship between respiratory rate and heart rate during physical activity&#10;D)The rate at which the muscles use glycogen during physical activity

Accepted Answer

The Fick Equation, expressed as the volume of oxygen (VO2) equaling (stroke volume x heart rate) x oxygen extraction, determines the rate at which the body uses oxygen during physical activity. Your maximum VO2 is the largest amount of oxygen you can take in and use. The concept of "Max VO2" is typically used to measure how aerobically fit an individual is. Although genetics plays a huge role in an individual's VO2 max, properly designed training can certainly play a part as well.

Question 2

Before endurance events, athletes will often &#34;carb up.&#34; Where does the body obtain the glucose from broken-down carbohydrates while exercising?&#10;A)Glycogen stored in muscle tissue&#10;B)Glucose in the bloodstream&#10;C)Glucose stored in the liver&#10;D)Glycogen stored in the muscle tissue and glucose stored in the bloodstream

Accepted Answer

Carbohydrates used during exercise come from glycogen stored in muscle tissue and from glucose in the bloodstream. Carbohydrates are the primary fuel for the production of ATP (adenosine triphosphate), which is a chemical compound required for cells to function. The liver stores glycogen for later use.

Question 3

Prolonged exercise causes the body's temperature to increase. The Group Fitness Instructor can provide advice on how to best reduce the ill-effects of overheating, so their class members do not "lose steam," before the end of class. In order to decrease body heat, the body uses WHICH of the following:

A)Ventilation, radiation, conduction, and evaporation
B)Evaporation, ventilation, metabolism, and digestion
C)Conduction, ventilation, convection, and evaporation
D)Radiation, conduction, convection, and evaporation

Radiation, conduction, convection, and evaporation

Accepted Answer

The mechanisms used by the body to give off excess heat are radiation, conduction, convection, and evaporation. Radiation is heat loss via the transfer of heat from one object to another, without physical contact. Conduction is the transfer of body heat to the surface of a cooler object. Convection occurs when heat is lost through the air or water in contact with the body. Evaporation causes a decrease in body heat when body heat is transferred from the skin to sweat, which then evaporates. Group Fitness Instructors should provide a properly ventilated room, with moving air currents, and a low humidity. In addition, they should cue participants on proper use of fabrics and styles of clothing to maximize dissipation of heat.

Question 4

Once the warm-up portion of an exercise class is over, it's time to elevate heart rates, amp up the intensity and create group participation. Changes in music and choreography trigger an increase in sympathetic activity, which then creates WHICH of the following cardiovascular change(s):

A)A decrease in stroke volume
B)A decrease in heart rate and contractility
C)An increase in heart rate and contractility
D)Redistribution of blood flow to the heart and lungs

Accepted Answer

Exercise causes an increase in sympathetic activity, which causes a cascade of release of the hormones epinephrine and norepinephrine. These catecholamines increase both the heart's rate and the force of heart contractility. The resulting increase in cardiac output, along with redistribution of blood flow to the active skeletal muscle help the body meet the increased energy demands of exercise.

Question 5

Epinephrine and nor epinephrine, also called catecholamine's, are hormones of the sympathetic nervous system. Which of the following is NOT a physiological response influenced by catecholamine's?&#10;A)Increased contractility, resulting in increased cardiac output&#10;B)Decreased systolic blood pressure&#10;C)Vasoconstriction in non-exercising muscles and vasodilation of cardiac and exercising skeletal muscle&#10;D)Dilation of the respiratory passages to aid in ventilation.

Accepted Answer

Catecholamine's do not cause a decrease in systolic blood pressure. After release by the adrenal medulla, epinephrine (primarily) and norepinephrine cause increased cardiac contractility, increased cardiac output, vasoconstriction in non-exercising muscles which increases systolic blood pressure, vasodilation in cardiac muscle, vasodilation in the exercising skeletal muscle, and dilation of the respiratory passages. These responses are often referred to as the "fight or flight" response.

Question 6

Group Fitness Instructors who understand the three stages of learning motor skills can tap into deeper understanding of &#34;how people learn to move&#34;. What are the three stages of learning?&#10;A)Cognitive, Motor, Sensory&#10;B)Cognitive, Associative, Autonomous&#10;C)Learned, Associative, Independent&#10;D)Learned, Assisted, Autonomous

Accepted Answer

The Fitts and Posner model is often used to describe the three phases of learning for motor skills: cognitive, associative and autonomous. During the cognitive phase, the participant is learning movements, often making errors and actively involved in higher cortical processing to mimic exercises as demonstrated by the instructor. As the participant becomes familiar with movements, he or she moves into the associative phase. During this phase, participants are actively performing the movements and able to occasionally follow instructions to improve their execution. In the autonomous phase, the skill becomes second nature or "automatic".

Question 7

According to the American College of Sports Medicine's (ACSM) 2011 "Guidance for Prescribing Exercise", the following would represent the minimum amount of cardiopulmonary exercise an adult should perform:

A)90 minutes/week, moderate- to vigorous-intensity
B)120 minutes/week, moderate-intensity
C)150 minutes/week, minimum-intensity
D)150 minutes/week, moderate-intensity

Accepted Answer

The American College of Sports Medicine's "Guidance for Prescribing Exercise" states that adults should get at least 150 minutes of moderate-intensity exercise per week. This exercise can occur as 30-60 minutes of moderate-intensity exercise, 5x/week or it can occur as 20-60 minutes of vigorous-intensity exercise, 3x/week.

Deck 9: Intensity Monitoring