Deck 19: Pharmacology and Bioequivalence: Understanding Drug Formulations and Effects

Question 1

What is the principle behind the use of surfactants?

A)Reducing the size of solid drug particles
B)Enhancing the dissolution rate by promoting wetting
C)Improving solubility
D)Alter the pH of the microenvironment

Answer 1

Enhancing the dissolution rate by promoting wetting

Question 2

Salts improve solubility and dissolution characteristics.

A)True
B)False
C)none
D)all

Answer 2

True

Question 3

How pH alteration of the drug microenvironment is done?

A)Altering the pH while the administration
B)In situ salt formation
C)Altering the pH of the tissue
D)Formulating the drug in such a way that it gets activated only when it reaches the tissue pH

Answer 3

In situ salt formation

Question 4

Which one of the following is used for selective adsorption on insoluble carriers of the drugs?

A)Freeze drying
B)Organic solvent
C)Inorganic clays like bentonite
D)Creating metastable polymorphs

Question 5

Which of the following is used in solvent deposition method of enhancing bioavailability?

A)Freeze drying
B)Organic solvent
C)Inorganic clays like bentonite
D)Creating metastable polymorphs

Question 6

Which of the following is used in solid solutions method of enhancing bioavailability?

A)Highly water-soluble compound
B)Organic solvent
C)Inorganic clays like bentonite
D)Creating metastable polymorphs

Question 7

Which of the following is used in molecular encapsulation of drugs for enhancing bioavailability?

A)Highly water-soluble compound
B)Cyclodextrin
C)Inorganic clays like bentonite
D)Creating metastable polymorphs

Question 8

What is bioequivalence?

A)Comparison between 3-year-old drugs to the same new drug
B)Comparison between a drugs to another drug
C)Comparison between a drug's specific characteristics to a defined set of standards
D)Comparison between two or 3 characteristics of a drug to the same characteristics of a different drug

Question 9

What is the chemical equivalence?

A)Two or more drug products contain the same labeled chemical substance in the same amount
B)Two or more drug products contain the same labeled chemical substance in different quantity
C)Two or more drug products contain different labeled chemical substance giving the same therapeutic effect
D)Two or more drug products contain the same labeled chemical substance giving a different therapeutic effect

Question 10

What is pharmaceutic equivalence?

A)Two or more drug products contain the same labeled chemical substance in the same amount
B)Two or more drug products are identical in quality, purity, uniformity, disintegration, dissolution
C)Two or more drug products contain different labeled chemical substance giving the same therapeutic effect
D)Two or more drug products contain the same labeled chemical substance giving a different therapeutic effect

Question 11

What is bioequivalence?

A)Drug substance reaches the systemic circulation at the same rate in two or more identical dosage
B)Two or more drug products contain the same labeled chemical substance in different quantity
C)Two or more drug products contain different labeled chemical substance giving the same therapeutic effect
D)Two or more drug products contain the same labeled chemical substance giving a different therapeutic effect

Question 12

What is therapeutic equivalence?

A)Two or more drug products contain the same labeled chemical substance in the same amount
B)Two or more drug products contain the same labeled chemical substance in different quantity
C)Two or more drug products contain the same labeled chemical substance giving the same therapeutic effect
D)Two or more drug products contain the same labeled chemical substance giving a different therapeutic effect

Question 13

On which individuals study of newly invented medicines are not done?

A)Pregnant and elderly
B)Fasting person
C)Healthy person
D)Adult male

Question 14

What should be the disadvantage of cross over study on volunteers?

A)Minimize the intersubject variability in plasma drug levels
B)Minimize the carry-over effect
C)Minimizes variations due to time effect
D)Takes a lot of time to get the result of the study

Question 15

Two or more drugs contain the same therapeutically active ingredient which elicits same pharmacological effects and can control the disease to the same extent are known to be pharmaceutic equivalent.

A)True
B)False
C)none
D)all

Question 16

If the bioavailability of test formulation is 80-120% of the reference standard, it is considered to be bioequivalent.

A)True
B)False
C)none
D)all

Question 17

Bioequivalence is a relative term which denotes that the drug substance reaches the systemic circulation at the same relative rate or time.

A)True
B)False
C)none
D)all

Question 18

The concentration of drug in plasma above which toxic effects are precipitated is known as

A)Maximum safe concentration
B)Minimum Effective Concentration
C)Intensity of Action
D)Duration of Action

Question 19

When rate is independent of the reactant concentration, then it is called

A)zero order reaction
B)Pseudo zero order reaction
C)First order reaction
D)Second order reaction

Question 20

Which of the following is the half life of zero order reaction?

A)t1/2 = A0 /2k
B)t1/2 = 0.693/2k
C)t1/2 = A0 /2
D)t1/2 = 2k/ A0

Question 21

The unit of k for zero order reaction is

A)moles/litre/second
B)moles
C)moles/second
D)moles/litre

Question 22

Which of the following is the half life of first order reaction?

A)t1/2 = A0 / 2k
B)t1/2 = 0.693 / 2k
C)tl/2 = 2k
D)tl/2 = 0.693 / k

Question 23

Which of the following is not a pharmacokinetic parameters that describe the plasma level time curve?

A)tmax
B)cmax
C)Area under Curve
D)Minimum Effective Concentration

Question 24

The drug concentration between Minimum Effective Concentration and Maximum Safe Concentration is called

A)Therapeutic range
B)Area under curve
C)Peak response
D)Pharmacological response

Question 25

tmax indicates

A)drug absorption rate
B)drug elimination rate
C)drug distribution rate
D)drug metabolism rate