Deck 24: Pharmacokinetics and Nonlinear Pharmacokinetics: Understanding Drug Kinetics and Dose-Dependent Effects

Question 1

Which organ comprises the peripheral compartment in a two compartment model?

A)Liver
B)Lungs
C)Kidneys
D)Muscles

Answer 1

Muscles

Question 2

Which of the following is not a category of 2 compartment model?

A)Two compartment model with elimination from the central compartment
B)Two compartment model with elimination from the peripheral compartment
C)Two compartment model with elimination from only plasma and blood
D)Two compartment model with elimination from both the compartments

Answer 2

Two compartment model with elimination from both the compartments

Question 3

Non-linear pharmacokinetics is also known as………

A)dose dependent
B)enzyme capacity limited
C)saturation pharmacokinetics
D)All of the above

Answer 3

All of the above

Question 4

The characteristic of non-linear pharmacokinetics include…………..

A)Area under the curve is proportional to the dose
B)Elimination half-life remains constant
C)Area under the curve is not proportional to the dose
D)Amount of drug excreted through remains constant

Question 5

Which of following drug shows non-linearity in hepatic excretion?

A)Carbamazepine
B)Propranolol
C)Penicillin
D)Thiopental

Question 6

Pharmacokinetics parameters change as per………… of dose administered?

A)Size
B)Route
C)Both of free above
D)None of the above

Question 7

Linear Pharmacokinetics is………………

A)Dose dependent
B)Dose independent
C)Both of the above
D)None of the above

Question 8

Non-linear Pharmacokinetics also called as…………

A)Mixed order
B)Saturated kinetics
C)Capacity Limited
D)All of the above

Question 9

In…………..Pharmacokinetic parameters for a drug can change with change in dose.

A)Linear Pharmacokinetics
B)Non-linear Pharmacokinetics
C)Both of the above
D)None of the above

Question 10

The………………….. is common cause of both dose and time dependent kinetics

A)Capacity limited Process
B)Dose volume
C)Enzyme induction
D)None of the above

Question 11

When Km << C. In this condition…………..

A)Km - C = C
B)Km + C = C
C)Km + C = Km
D)Km - C = Km

Question 12

Active processes which are Saturable in renal excretion of drug includes…….

A)Active tubular secretion
B)Active tubular reabsorption
C)Both of the above
D)None of the above

Question 13

Linear Pharmacokinetics also referred as………….

A)First-order kinetics
B)Second order kinetics
C)Pseudo order kinetics
D)None of the above in

Question 14

If the steady-state plasma concentration is directly proportional to the dose, then ……….in the kinetics exists.

A)Linearity
B)Non-linearity
C)Both of the above
D)None of the above

Question 15

………..it is the extent to which a drug will accumulate relative to the first dose can be quantified by an accumulation factor R.

A)Accumulation Index
B)Apparent volume of drug distribution
C)Accumulation factor
D)None of the above

Question 16

Which of the following is correct statement about Nonlinear pharmacokinetics?

A)The pharmacokinetic parameters of a drug will not change when multiple doses of drug are administered
B)The graph of the relationship between the different factors involved (dose, blood plasma concentrations, elimination, etc.) gives a straight line.
C)the plasma drug concentration changes either more or less than would be expected from a change in dose rate.
D)None of the above

Question 17

Which of the following Factors causing Non-linearity?

A)Nonlinearity may arise due to pathological alteration at any one of the various pharmacokinetic steps, such as absorption, distribution and/or elimination.
B)Nonlinearity may arise due to Capacity-limited metabolism.
C)Nonlinearity may arise due to alteration in protein binding characteristics
D)All of the above

Question 18

In Michaelis-Menton Equation, When the value of Km = C

A)rate of process is half (1 /2) the maximum rate.
B)the elimination of most drugs follows first order kinetic
C)the elimination of most drugs follows zero order kinetic
D)the elimination of most drugs follows second order kinetic

Question 19

Name the different methods used to estimate Km and Vmax graphically.

A)Direct Linear plot
B)Lineweaver -Burke plot or Klotz Plot
C)Graphical Method
D)All of the above

Question 20

Any changes in fraction bioavailable, elimination half-life indicates nonlinearity of that particular drug.

A)True
B)False
C)none
D)all

Question 21

Which of the following creates nonlinearity in drug distribution and not in drug absorption?

A)When absorption is solubility or dissolution rate-limited
B)When absorption involves carrier-mediated transport systems
C)When a presystemic gut wall or hepatic metabolism attains saturation
D)Saturation of binding sites on plasma proteins

Question 22

Which one of these is correct Michaelis-Menten equation?

A)-dC/dt = Vmax C/Km+C
B)dC/dt = Vmax C/Km+C
C)-dC/dt = Vmax C/Km
D)-dC/dt = Km+C / Vmax C