Question 1

During the Cold War era, what was the main reason why were the United States and the Soviet Union reluctant to engage in direct military conflict?&#10;A)There was a great potential for global nuclear destruction.&#10;B)East and West German had been re-unified.&#10;C)Nonaligned nations were pressuring the United States and the Soviet Union to avoid fighting.&#10;D)There were greatly increased tensions in the Middle East.

Accepted Answer

During the Cold War era, the main reason why the United States and the Soviet Union were reluctant to engage in direct military conflict because there was a great potential for global nuclear destruction.
Key Takeaway: For the first four and a half decades after World War II, much of the world was divided into two hostile camps, led by the Soviet Union and the United States. This gigantic global struggle was known as the Cold War. During this time, the superpowers engaged in a nuclear arms race, which was the most expensive and largest buildup of weapons in history. The Soviet Union and the United States were reluctant to engage with each other precisely because of this nuclear arms race and the devastating effect it could have upon the world. Although they themselves never warred against each other, they instead used other nations as proxies to do so.

Question 2

Out of the following characteristics, which did the Shang, Sumarian, and Harrapan civilizations have in common?&#10;A)Thriving urban centers with more than 100,000 inhabitants&#10;B)Pyramid-shaped temples&#10;C)Horse-drawn plows&#10;D)River-based settlements

Accepted Answer

The Shang, Sumarian, and Harrapan civilizations were all river-based settlements.
Key Takeaway: Many of the early civilizations were developed near and around rivers so that the water could be used to irrigate fields. The Shang settlement was around the Yellow (Huang He) River, the Sumarian settlement was around the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers, and the Harrapan civilization was near the Indus River.

Question 3

What was the primary purpose of the Dawes plan?&#10;A)To make sure that Latin America maintained its economic ties to the United States.&#10;B)To temporarily occupy Japan as it transitioned from a monarchy to a democracy.&#10;C)To effectively contain the spread of communism to nations in sub-Saharan Africa.&#10;D)To allow Germany to rebuild its economy while it also provided reparations after World War I.

Accepted Answer

The primary purpose of the Dawes plan was to allow Germany to rebuild its economy while it also provided reparations after World War I.
Key Takeaway: The Dawes plan was an attempt to collect war debt from Germany after World War I. This plan did lead to short term benefits for the German economy, softening the burden of the war reparations, stabilizing German currency, and bringing increased attention to German business. Unfortunately, it also made the German economy extremely dependent upon the foreign markets, leading to a breakdown of the plan during the Great Depression.

Question 4

During the third century BCE, which of the following was the biggest change in the Chinese political state under Emperor Qin Shihuangdi?&#10;A)The Chinese empire widely accepted Buddhism.&#10;B)The Chinese empire became centralized.&#10;C)Emperor Qin Shihuangdi had artisans create elaborate tomb sculptures.&#10;D)Emperor Qin Shihuangdi established civil service exams.

Accepted Answer

During the third century BCE, the biggest change in the Chinese political state under Emperor Qin Shihuangdi was the centralization of rule of the Chinese empire.
Key Takeaway: Emperor Qin Shihuangdi established the Qin dynasty and is famous for proclaiming himself as the "first emperor" of China. Although emperors had actually existed before, none had fully established a centralized government with military defense, a government-regulated written language, and law. Qin Shihuangdi ruled using Legalism, a philosophical system that was very different from Confucianism or Buddhism.

Question 5

In which way was the Protestant Reformation similar to the Hindu Upanishad movement?&#10;A)Both movements became more interested in dogma and rituals, rather than individual expression.&#10;B)Both movements' religious leaders exploited their power.&#10;C)Followers of both movements were determined to be heretics and were kept out of high positions in government and religion.&#10;D)Both movements were started by religious leaders and quickly spread to the upper classes.

Accepted Answer

The Protestant Reformation was similar to the Hindu Upanishad movement in that both movements' religious leaders exploited their power.
Key Takeaway: The religious leaders of the Upanishad movement began focusing on ritual, rather than substance. Protestant leaders, on the other hand, abused their power by selling indulgences. Although both movements were started by religious leaders who were abusing their powers, they were more popular with lower classes who could either not afford to purchase their salvation (in the case of Protestantism) or who wanted a more individual approach to their religion (Upanishad).

Question 6

Which of the following religious ideas did early Christianity share with Mahayana Buddhism?&#10;A)Transubstantiation&#10;B)Reincarnation&#10;C)Personal salvation&#10;D)Sacrificial offerings

Accepted Answer

Early Christianity shared the idea of personal salvation with Mahayana Buddhism.
Key Takeaway: Also known as the "greater vehicle," Mahayana Buddhism puts special emphasis on the idea of personal salvation being accessible to all followers. Though very different from Mahayana Buddhism in its beliefs, early Christianity shared this personal sense of salvation. In early Mahayana Buddhism, salvation could be based upon faith, imaging, or sometimes even invoking Buddha's name.

Question 7

Of the following statements is true about the ninth century Heian period in Japan?&#10;A)The Heian period's focus was on cultural independence.&#10;B)This period was a time of successful exploration and conquest for Japan.&#10;C)Chinese meritocracy greatly influenced Japanese government.&#10;D)Confucianism replaced Shintoism in Japan.

Accepted Answer

The ninth century Heian period in Japan focused upon Japan's cultural independence.
Key Takeaway: The Heian period is the last period of classical Japanese society, running from 794 to 1185. During this period, Buddhism, Taoism, and other Chinese influences were at their height. It is also thought to be the very peak of the Japanese imperial court and noted for its art, especially literature and poetry. It is interesting to note that in Japanese, "Heian" means "peace and tranquility."

Question 8

What was the largest environmental problem for ancient Mesopotamia?&#10;A)The soil was no longer as fertile.&#10;B)Polluted water&#10;C)Rising sea levels&#10;D)Deforestation

Accepted Answer

The largest environmental problem for ancient Mesopotamia was that the soil was no longer as fertile as it used to be.
Key Takeaway: Early civilizations that were of any significant size greatly relied upon the fertility of the soil in order to achieve a desired population density. Ancient Mesopotamians used farming practices and irrigation that caused the soil to dramatically lose its fertility. Much of this was due to the fact that the water used in irrigation evaporated, leaving behind a great amount of salt residue.

Question 9

What congressional act added territories northwest of the Ohio River?&#10;A)Louisiana Purchase&#10;B)Manifest Destiny&#10;C)Northwest Ordinance&#10;D)Michigan Tax Treaty

Accepted Answer

The Northwest Ordinance, adopted July 13, 1787, by the Confederation Congress, chartered a government for the Northwest Territory, provided a method for admitting new states to the Union from the territory, and listed a bill of rights guaranteed in the territory. It would eventually lead to the additions of Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, Ohio, Wisconsin, and part of Minnesota to the burgeoning United States.
Following the principles outlined by Thomas Jefferson in the Ordinance of 1784, the authors of the Northwest Ordinance (probably Nathan Dane and Rufus King) spelled out a plan that was subsequently used as the country expanded to the Pacific.
 The following three principal provisions were ordained in the document: (1) a division of the Northwest Territory into "not less than three nor more than five States"; (2) a three-stage method for admitting a new state to the Union-with a congressionally appointed governor, secretary, and three judges to rule in the first phase; an elected assembly and one nonvoting delegate to Congress to be elected in the second phase, when the population of the territory reached "five thousand free male inhabitants of full age"; and a state constitution to be drafted and membership to the Union to be requested in the third phase when the population reached 60,000; and (3) a bill of rights protecting religious freedom, the right to a writ of habeas corpus, the benefit of trial by jury, and other individual rights. In addition the ordinance encouraged education and forbade slavery.

Question 10

What does the Swahili language demonstrate about African civilization during the 1200s and 1300s?&#10;A)Great influence from Mediterranean culture&#10;B)Great influence from Europe culture&#10;C)Connection to trade routes in Asia and the Middle East&#10;D)Continuance of the great Egyptian culture

Accepted Answer

The Swahili language demonstrates the connection between African civilization with trade routes in Asia and the Middle East during the 1200s and 1300s.
Key Takeaway: Largely a blended language, Swahili developed in cities on the east coast of Africa that engaged with trade with Arab merchants and people from the Indian Ocean area. In general, Africa had a great amount of diversity in its spoken languages, but Swahili especially shows a large connection to the rest of the Indian Ocean basin.

Question 11

Which of the following is true about Islamic art and architecture?&#10;A)Islamic artists popularized flower arranging rather than depicting human or animal forms in art.&#10;B)Elaborate pyramids and sculptures were the most important contributions to Islamic architecture.&#10;C)Art focused upon ornate Arabic calligraphy and abstract geometric patterns.&#10;D)Most Islamic art was ultimately derived from classic Greek and Roman art patterns.

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Question 12

Where did the Mongols remain a strong political force for more than 200 years following their conquest?&#10;A)China&#10;B)Russia&#10;C)Persia&#10;D)Egypt

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Question 13

Which of the following medieval technological innovations was used in the Gothic architecture movement in Europe?&#10;A)Glass blowing&#10;B)Wooden scaffolding&#10;C)Pointed arches&#10;D)Concrete molds

Accepted Answer

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Question 14

Which of the following caused the Second Age of Islamic conquest, which began in the 1200s?&#10;A)The Mongols were defeated in Persia and the Caliphate's power was restored.&#10;B)The Crusades had brought about new militaristic dynasties.&#10;C)The popularization of the Qur'an allowed Islam to spread further into Europe and Africa.&#10;D)A long period of peace had allowed Islamic trade routes to spread to the west and the north.

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Question 15

What was the main reason for the high drop in population in both China and Egypt during the mid-1300s?&#10;A)Famine&#10;B)Disease&#10;C)Foreign invasion&#10;D)Religious war

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Question 16

How were Indo-European steppe tribes different from Indian, Middle Eastern, and Chinese societies before 800 B.C.E.?&#10;A)Indian, Middle Eastern, and Chinese societies were much more concerned with expansionism than the Indo-Europeans.&#10;B)Indo-European steppe tribes were more likely to have created religious architectural monuments.&#10;C)Indian, Middle Eastern, and Chinese societies created permanent settlements, with wealth based upon land ownership.&#10;D)Monarchies ruled Indian, Middle Eastern, and Chinese societies; Oligarchies ruled the Indo-Europeans.

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Question 17

During the 1600s and 1700s, where were the majority of African slaves taken from Africa shipped to?&#10;A)Europe&#10;B)French and British colonies in North America&#10;C)French and British colonies in the Caribbean&#10;D)Spanish colonies in Central and South America

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Question 18

Of the following events, which one created the financial conditions that encouraged Christopher Columbus to sail to the New World in 1492?&#10;A)Spain adopted silver currency.&#10;B)Vasco DaGama sailed to India.&#10;C)Constantinople's trade routes fell to the Turks.&#10;D)Sugar plantations were created off of the African coast.

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Question 19

Who were the majority of people living in Russia during the 1600s?&#10;A)Muslims&#10;B)Serfs&#10;C)Mongols&#10;D)Free peasants

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Question 20

How was the French Revolution similar to the American Revolution?&#10;A)Both featured lower working class people attaining political power.&#10;B)Both changed the fundamental religious structure of their respective countries.&#10;C)Both began due to anger over taxation.&#10;D)Both involved violent acts of aggression toward people from the upper class.

Accepted Answer

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Question 21

What ultimately caused the split between the Sunni and Shi'a Muslims?&#10;A)They disagreed over the location and role of the annual Muslim pilgrimage.&#10;B)There was a rift between the more liberal and more fundamentalist branches of Islam.&#10;C)There was a major disagreement over the succession of leadership.&#10;D)They conflicted over how to translate liturgy into native languages.

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Question 22

Where were Jewish people most persecuted in the later half of the 19th century?&#10;A)Russia&#10;B)North America&#10;C)Northern Europe&#10;D)The Ottoman Empire

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Question 23

When the first large-scale industrial factories were created in Western Europe, what were they created to produce?&#10;A)Weapons&#10;B)Glass&#10;C)Processed food products&#10;D)Textiles

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Question 24

Which of the following most influenced the economic changes during the Meiji Restoration in Japan?&#10;A)Industrialists from Great Britain and Germany&#10;B)The Samurai&#10;C)Traders from Portugal&#10;D)Merchants from China

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Question 25

Where did Mansa Musa create a strong centralized Islamic government in the mid-1300s?&#10;A)Mali&#10;B)Ethiopia&#10;C)Zimbabwe&#10;D)Kush

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Question 26

Why was the Hay-Banau-Varilla Treaty of 1903 so significant?&#10;A)It established Puerto Rico as a commonwealth of the United States.&#10;B)It ended the Spanish-American War.&#10;C)It laid the ground for the Panama Canal project.&#10;D)It established the Philippines as a U.S. colony.

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Question 27

Which of the following conditions affected Cambodia in the 1970s and Rwanda in the 1990s?&#10;A)High rates of infection from AIDS&#10;B)Communist revolution&#10;C)Violence due to genocide&#10;D)Invasion by Europeans

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Question 28

During the first half of the 1600s, which of the following negatively affected the economics of the Ming Dynasty?&#10;A)Agricultural yields declined, leading to disturbances in the countryside.&#10;B)The need to defend China's frontiers caused great financial strain.&#10;C)All of the silver coming into the country from New World colonies caused inflation.&#10;D)All of the above

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Question 29

Which of the following was the main purpose of the Catholic Counter-Reformation?&#10;A)To colonize Africa&#10;B)To forcefully convert peoples to Catholicism&#10;C)To avoid reforming the Catholic Church&#10;D)To increase the appeal of the Catholic Church

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Question 30

Where did the technology for the jet engine originate?&#10;A)China&#10;B)Russia, from the Cold War space race&#10;C)20 years after the first manned airplane flight&#10;D)Nazi Germany

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Question 31

Most likely, what was the main reason for the Jewish migration out of Hungary, Germany, and Crimea?&#10;A)Russia and Poland had much more tolerant policies towards minorities and immigrants.&#10;B)Ghettos and pogroms were established in places where Jews were forced to live.&#10;C)Access to Eastern Europe became easier with the expansion of the railroads.&#10;D)The crusades had a distinct impact upon Jewish settlements in Eastern Europe.

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Question 32

Of the following classical societies, which was located in South Asia?&#10;A)Greek&#10;B)Roman&#10;C)Han&#10;D)Mauryan

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Question 33

Which continent is the home to the people that are considered to be the earth's oldest surviving ethnic group?&#10;A)Europe&#10;B)Asia&#10;C)Australia&#10;D)North America

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Question 34

Why did the development of agriculture lead to a dramatic increase in population?&#10;A)The development of agriculture led to the end of the nomadic life.&#10;B)People no longer had to hunt and gather, which was highly dangerous.&#10;C)Farming led to a more stable source of food, which allowed for larger families and permanent homes.&#10;D)Agriculture and farming provided a much healthier diet than hunting and gathering did.

Accepted Answer

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Question 35

Which of the following would a geographic determinist most likely believe?&#10;A)Societies cannot successfully thrive in harsh environments, like mountains and deserts.&#10;B)Geographic conditions play a key role-if not the most important role-in shaping societies.&#10;C)Climate and topography have little to know effect upon a society's development.&#10;D)Societies influence their environments more than environments base societies.

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Question 36

How are settled farmers similar to pastoral nomads?&#10;A)Both domesticate animals.&#10;B)Both have a written language.&#10;C)Both grow crops.&#10;D)Both settle in larger established communities.

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Question 37

How did the Neolithic Revolution influence traditional gender roles?&#10;A)Working outside of the home was highly valued&#10;B)Women did not work any longer.&#10;C)Men continued to hunt; women continued to gather.&#10;D)The economic roles of men and women were equal.

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Question 38

Why are rivers thought to be so important to the development of the first civilizations?&#10;A)Rivers slowed down the growth of cities.&#10;B)Rivers greatly discouraged ocean travel.&#10;C)Rivers encouraged growth of urban areas and agriculture.&#10;D)River slowed down the invention of agriculture.

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Question 39

The Nile was extremely important to the Egyptian civilization. Which of the following rivers served a similar purpose to the Chinese civilization?&#10;A)Ganges&#10;B)Indus&#10;C)Yellow&#10;D)Euphrates

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Question 40

Which of the following was one of the philosophical innovations of Hammurabi's law code?&#10;A)Anyone who speaks against the king should be killed.&#10;B)The will of the ruler should be followed no matter what.&#10;C)The upper classes should have the most rights.&#10;D)Society should be governed by a consistent set of regulations.

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The answer of Which of the following was one of...

Question 41

What does the Chinese system of Mandate of Heaven refer to?&#10;A)China's superiority to the rest of the civilization of the world.&#10;B)The emperor's power is never-ending.&#10;C)The emperor's obligation to provide fair and just laws to his people.&#10;D)The emperor is granted his power from heaven.

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The answer of What does the Chinese system of Mandate...

Question 42

Why did the Zhou dynasty in China last so long?&#10;A)The leaders of the Zhou dynasty were positively ruthless.&#10;B)The Zhou dynasty's leaders prevented average citizens from acquiring weapons.&#10;C)The Zhou dynasty innovated technology and obligated leaders to rule fairly, due to an increase in political sophistication.&#10;D)The Zhou dynasty did not have to deal with the issues of Confucianism.

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Question 43

Why is the Indus civilization still a mystery to archeologists?&#10;A)The Indus civilization was extremely small and therefore, it is difficult to excavate.&#10;B)The Indus civilization was extremely isolated from the rest of the world.&#10;C)The Indus civilization's remains were completely destroyed.&#10;D)The civilization's writing system has never been deciphered.

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Question 44

Under the social hierarchies of Hinduism and Confucianism, the value of what group is demonstrated?&#10;A)Scholars&#10;B)Women&#10;C)Government officials&#10;D)Peasants

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Question 45

Which peoples developed the first true alphabet in the world?&#10;A)The Egyptians&#10;B)The Persians&#10;C)The Phoenicians&#10;D)The Hebrews

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Question 46

Why did long-distance trade flourish in the classical societies?&#10;A)The development of the compass, facilitating easier travel&#10;B)Roman officials successfully negotiated with emissaries from China.&#10;C)Imperial powers worked hard to keep trade routes secure and safe.&#10;D)Merchants could easily travel the entire length of the Silk Road.

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Question 47

Of the following groups of religious, which two gave women access to spiritual salvation?&#10;A)Christianity and Buddhism&#10;B)Christianity and Judaism&#10;C)Confucianism and Buddhism&#10;D)Daoism and Christianity

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Question 48

Which of the following civilizations featured government participation by its citizens?&#10;A)Egypt&#10;B)Rome&#10;C)India&#10;D)China

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Question 49

Which of the following is true about Japan during the Nara period?&#10;A)During this period, the Japanese fully embraced Buddhism.&#10;B)During this period Korea conquered the southern islands of Japan.&#10;C)The Japanese created a new capital in Edo, what is now Tokyo.&#10;D)Japan became very isolated from China, culturally.

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The answer of Which of the following is true about...

Question 50

Which of the following was the principal god of the Aztecs?&#10;A)The sun god&#10;B)The lion god&#10;C)The feather serpent god&#10;D)The moon god

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Question 51

Which of the following often aided the collapse of the Chinese dynasties?&#10;A)Great military advancements&#10;B)Interference from foreign powers&#10;C)Peasant revolts&#10;D)Pressure on the economy due to deflation

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Question 52

Where can one find written evidence of the life of Mohammed?&#10;A)Qur'an&#10;B)Old Testament&#10;C)New Testament&#10;D)Hijra

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Question 53

What was the primary goal of the Christian Crusades?&#10;A)The conquer Asia Minor&#10;B)To spread Christianity to Africa&#10;C)To share Jerusalem with the Turks&#10;D)To retake the Holy Land from the Muslims.

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Question 54

Why were knights primarily drawn from the noble classes?&#10;A)There was a law that only noblemen could serve as knights-in-training.&#10;B)Monarchs did not believe that commoners were smart enough to serve as knights.&#10;C)Nobles were smarter than commoners.&#10;D)The gear required for knights was too expensive for anyone but nobility to afford.

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Question 55

What was the one unifying institution in medieval Europe?&#10;A)The European monarchy system&#10;B)Artists' guilds&#10;C)The Roman Catholic Church&#10;D)The University of Paris

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Question 56

Who brought Islam to India?&#10;A)The Sunni Caliphate&#10;B)The Delhi Sultanate&#10;C)The Ottomans&#10;D)The Umayyads

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Question 57

Why did China become more open to influence of foreign nations after the end of the 1700s?&#10;A)China had begun to welcome Christian missionaries to westernize the country.&#10;B)China's national wealth had declined and it was in danger of slipping further backward in technological and scientific advancements.&#10;C)England promised military support to China.&#10;D)China's economy was in the midst of a boom and China wanted to increase trade with the West.

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Question 58

Despite the rapid spread of Islam on the continent of Africa, which of the following places remained Christian?&#10;A)Marrakesh&#10;B)Mali&#10;C)Ethiopia&#10;D)Tunisia

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The answer of Despite the rapid spread of Islam on...

Question 59

Who were the cavalry warriors who established their own state in Egypt in the 1200s?&#10;A)The Mamluks&#10;B)The Ottomans&#10;C)The Mongols&#10;D)The Seljuks

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Question 60

Lutheran doctrine states that good works are sufficient to achieve salvation.

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Question 61

What was the main reason for the decline of the Mongolian Empire?&#10;A)The territory was too large, leading to administrative issues.&#10;B)After Genghis Khan, the Empire only had weak rulers.&#10;C)Russia's defense was too strong to allow for growth of the Mongolian Empire.&#10;D)The native peoples had very intense religious differences.

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Question 62

Which of the following is true about the Black Death?&#10;A)It was basically confined to South Asia and China.&#10;B)It was mostly only deadly in northern Europe.&#10;C)It was spread along the Euro-Asian trade routes.&#10;D)It stopped before reaching the Mediterranean.

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Question 63

The Chinese had a virtual monopoly on which of the following for many, many years?&#10;A)Rice&#10;B)Porcelain&#10;C)Bamboo&#10;D)Silk

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Question 64

What were the organizations of craftspeople and merchants in European cities called?&#10;A)Ecclesia&#10;B)Guilds&#10;C)Granges&#10;D)Fiefdoms

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Deck 46: (AP) Us History: History