Question 1

All of the following drugs exhibit flow dependent elimination EXCEPT&#10;A)Atenolol&#10;B)Isoniazid&#10;C)Propoxyphene&#10;D)Amitriptylline&#10;E)Lignocaine

Accepted Answer

Atenolol exhibits flow independent elimination, meaning its elimination is not significantly affected by changes in blood flow. Drugs with flow dependent elimination, like Isoniazid, Propoxyphene, Amitriptyline, and Lignocaine, are significantly affected by changes in blood flow, particularly liver blood flow, as their metabolism is largely determined by the rate at which they are delivered to the organ responsible for their metabolism.

Question 2

Which of the following undergoes a phase I hydrolysis reaction? (biotransformation)&#10;A)Ethanol&#10;B)Naloxone&#10;C)Morphine&#10;D)Lignocaine&#10;E)Diazepam

Accepted Answer

Lignocaine undergoes phase I hydrolysis as part of its metabolic biotransformation process.

Question 3

Which of the following undergoes acetylation in the liver? (Phase 2 biotransformation)&#10;A)Isoniazid&#10;B)Acetaminophen&#10;C)Salicylic acid&#10;D)Epinephrine&#10;E)Diazepam

Accepted Answer

Isoniazid undergoes acetylation in the liver as part of its phase 2 biotransformation process.

Question 4

A D Response B C Concentration Which of these drugs is the most efficacious?&#10;A)Drugs A and B&#10;B)Drug C&#10;C)Drugs A and D&#10;D)Drugs D and C&#10;E)Drug A

Accepted Answer

Efficacy refers to the maximum effect that a drug can produce, regardless of dose. The question does not provide specific data, but based on the options given, the correct answer would involve the drugs that, when combined or considered individually, are implied to have the highest maximum effect. Since the question format and content do not specify details about the drugs' effects, the answer is inferred based on the options provided, suggesting that Drugs A and D together are considered the most efficacious.

Question 5

EC50 is&#10;A)Measured with a radioactive receptor&#10;B)Always equal to Kd&#10;C)Drug concentration with 50% receptors bound&#10;D)Representation of the receptors affinity for drug binding&#10;E)Drug concentration with 50% of maximal drug effect

Accepted Answer

EC50 refers to the concentration of a drug that produces 50% of its maximal effect, not necessarily related to the percentage of receptors bound.

Question 6

Which of the following will NOT alter the volume of distribution of a drug?&#10;A)Cardiac failure&#10;B)Clearance&#10;C)Age&#10;D)Burns&#10;E)Pleural effusion

Accepted Answer

Clearance affects the rate at which a drug is removed from the body, not the volume of distribution. The volume of distribution is influenced by factors related to how the drug distributes in body compartments, such as body composition and the presence of barriers to distribution, not by how quickly the drug is eliminated.

Question 7

Volume of distribution equals&#10;A)Dose given/plasma concentration&#10;B)Total amount of drug in the body/plasma concentration&#10;C)Urine drug concentration/plasma concentration&#10;D)Dose given/urine concentration&#10;E)Urine drug concentration/plasma concentration.

Accepted Answer

The volume of distribution is defined as the total amount of drug in the body divided by the plasma concentration. This parameter helps in understanding how extensively a drug is distributed throughout the body tissues.

Question 8

Which of the following drugs undergoes rate limited elimination?&#10;A)Lignocaine&#10;B)Morphine&#10;C)Warfarin&#10;D)Propanolol&#10;E)Aspirin

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following drugs undergoes rate...

Question 9

Ligand gated channel receptors include all of the following EXCEPT&#10;A)GABA&#10;B)Aspartate&#10;C)Glycine&#10;D)Glutamate&#10;E)Ach-muscarinic

Accepted Answer

Ligand-gated channel receptors, also known as ionotropic receptors, are directly activated by neurotransmitters to allow ions to pass through the membrane. GABA, aspartate, glycine, and glutamate receptors are all examples of ligand-gated channels. Ach-muscarinic receptors, however, are G-protein coupled receptors, not ligand-gated channels, making them the exception in this list.

Question 10

Regarding receptor regulation&#10;A)Receptor down regulation occurs over hours - days&#10;B)Receptor responses to drugs often &#34;desensitise&#34; with time - this desensitisation is usually irreversible&#10;C)The mechanism of agonist induced desensitisation of the nicotinic Ach receptor has been worked out in detail&#10;D)All &#34;internalised&#34; receptors are degraded by lysosomes&#10;E)None of the above are correct

Accepted Answer

Receptor down regulation typically occurs over a period of hours to days as a response to prolonged exposure to an agonist.

Question 11

Which of the following acts on intracellular receptors&#10;A)Serotonin&#10;B)Glucagon&#10;C)Corticosteroids&#10;D)GABA&#10;E)Insulin

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following acts on intracellular...

Question 12

Which of the following has ? bioavailability in the neonate when compared with older children/adults?&#10;A)Penicillin&#10;B)Digoxin&#10;C)Acetaminophen&#10;D)Diazepam&#10;E)Phenobarbital

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following has ? bioavailability...

Question 13

First order kinetics&#10;A)Means rate of reaction is proportional to concentration&#10;B)Are more common than zero order kinetics&#10;C)Apply to exponential processes&#10;D)Generally apply to high plasma concentrations (>20mg/100ml) of ethanol&#10;E)Result in steady state concentrations after multiple dosing

Accepted Answer

The answer of First order kinetics&#10;A)Means rate of reaction is...

Question 14

A single compartment model means that&#10;A)One exponential term describes the decreasing plasma concentration of the drug&#10;B)A single exponential term describes the rise in plasma concentration following oral administration&#10;C)The drug does not penetrate tissues&#10;D)The drug is restricted to the ECF&#10;E)The drug is highly ionised

Accepted Answer

The answer of A single compartment model means that&#10;A)One exponential...

Deck 2: Drug Elimination, Biotransformation, Receptor Regulation, and Kinetics