Question 1

In the traditional square of opposition, the contrary of 'No men are mortal' is&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;.&#10;A)all men are mortal&#10;B)some men are mortal&#10;C)some men are not mortal&#10;D)none of the above

Accepted Answer

The traditional square of opposition is a diagram representing different forms of logical relationships between propositions. The contrary relationship means that both propositions cannot be true at the same time, but they can both be false. 'No men are mortal' is a universal negative statement, and its contrary is 'All men are mortal,' a universal affirmative statement, because if it's not true that no men are mortal, then the opposite universal claim is that all men are mortal.

Question 2

In the traditional square of opposition, the sub-altern of 'No men are mortal' is &#8230;&#8230;&#8230;.&#10;A)all men are mortal&#10;B)some men are mortal&#10;C)some men are not mortal&#10;D)none of the above

Accepted Answer

In the traditional square of opposition, the subaltern of a universal negative statement (e.g., "No men are mortal") is a particular negative statement (e.g., "Some men are not mortal").

Question 3

In the traditional square of opposition, the sub-contrary of 'Some men are mortal'is&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;.&#10;A)all men are mortal&#10;B)no men are mortal&#10;C)some men are not mortal&#10;D)none of the above

Accepted Answer

In the traditional square of opposition, the sub-contrary relationship exists between two particular propositions: one affirmative and one negative. Since 'Some men are mortal' is a particular affirmative proposition (I type), its sub-contrary is the particular negative proposition (O type), which is 'Some men are not mortal'.

Question 4

In the traditional square of opposition, if A is true, the truth value of E is &#8230;&#10;A)true&#10;B)false&#10;C)undetermined&#10;D)none of the above

Accepted Answer

In the traditional square of opposition, A and E propositions are contraries, meaning if A (All S are P) is true, then E (No S are P) must be false, as they cannot both be true at the same time.

Question 5

In the traditional square of opposition, if A is true, the truth value of I is &#8230;&#10;A)true&#10;B)false&#10;C)undetermined&#10;D)none of the above

Accepted Answer

In the traditional square of opposition, if A (All S are P) is true, then I (Some S are P) is also necessarily true because if all members of a category are part of a group, then at least some of them are part of that group as well.

Question 6

In the traditional square of opposition, if A is true , the truth value of O is &#8230;&#10;A)true&#10;B)false&#10;C)undetermined&#10;D)none of the above

Accepted Answer

In the traditional square of opposition, if A (All S are P) is true, then O (Some S are not P) must be false, because A and O are contradictory propositions.

Question 7

In the traditional square of opposition, if A is false , the truth value of O is ..&#10;A)true&#10;B)false&#10;C)undetermined&#10;D)none of the above

Accepted Answer

In the traditional square of opposition, if A (All S are P) is false, then O (Some S are not P) must be true, because if it is not true that all members of S are P, then there must be at least one S that is not P.

Question 8

In the traditional square of opposition, if A is false, the truth value of E is &#8230;&#10;A)true&#10;B)false&#10;C)undetermined&#10;D)none of the above

Accepted Answer

In the traditional square of opposition, A (universal affirmative) being false does not determine the truth value of E (universal negative), as they are contraries. Both can be false, but they cannot both be true.

Question 9

In the traditional square of opposition, if A is false , the truth value of I is &#8230;.&#10;A)true&#10;B)false&#10;C)undetermined&#10;D)none of the above

Accepted Answer

In the traditional square of opposition, if the universal affirmative (A) is false, the particular affirmative (I) is undetermined because the falsity of A does not necessarily determine the truth value of I.

Question 10

In the traditional square of opposition, if E is false , the truth value of I is &#8230;&#10;A)true&#10;B)false&#10;C)undetermined&#10;D)none of the above

Accepted Answer

In the traditional square of opposition, if an E proposition (No S are P) is false, then the corresponding I proposition (Some S are P) must be true, because the falsity of E implies the existence of at least one S that is P.

Question 11

In the traditional square of opposition, if E is false, the truth value of A is &#8230;.&#10;A)true&#10;B)false&#10;C)undetermined&#10;D)none of the above

Accepted Answer