Deck 1: Community Health and Research Principles

Question 1

What term is defined as a study of health-related states in human populations and how the states are influenced by the environment and ways of living?

A)Society
B)Epidemiology
C)Public
D)Research

Answer 1

Epidemiology

Question 2

What are the three factors of epidemiology?

A)Host, agent, and environment
B)Risk, burden, and prevention
C)Risk, host, and environment
D)Burden, prevention, and risk

Answer 2

Host, agent, and environment

Question 3

In epidemiology, what is defined as an aggregate of cases of a disease or other health-related conditions?

A)Cluster
B)Epidemic
C)Pandemic
D)Chronic

Answer 3

Cluster

Question 4

In epidemiology, what term is defined as a disease of significantly greater prevalence than normal?

A)Cluster
B)Epidemic
C)Pandemic
D)Chronic

Question 5

How many classifications of epidemiologic research are there?

A)1
B)2
C)5
D)7

Question 6

Which federal agency published Healthy People 2010?

A)CDC
B)DHHS
C)HRSA
D)NIH

Question 7

WHO (World Health Organization) is a prime example of which level of community health?

A)Local
B)State
C)Federal
D)International

Question 8

The study of health and disease in any one or more populations is called:

A)Pathology
B)Endemiology
C)Epidemiology
D)Statistics and analysis

Question 9

Fill in the blank: The estimated number of individuals dealing with a specific disease at any given time is considered the __________ of that disease.

A)Prevalence
B)Consequence
C)Incidence
D)Influence

Question 10

The functions of epidemiology include:

A)Gathering data to describe typical biological processes
B)Measuring a disease's distribution in a population
C)Identifying the determinants of a disease
D)All of the above

Question 11

An examination is to a dental practice what a(n) __________ is to community dental health.

A)Analysis
B)Survey
C)Evaluation
D)Program planning

Question 12

The health promotion healthcare model places primary emphasis on education rather than on the treatment and prevention of disease.

Question 13

Which oral health concern is NOT shared by members of BOTH child and adolescent populations?

A)Dental caries
B)Dental development
C)Controlling risk factors for disease
D)Periodontitis

Question 14

What is the third step in the learning process?

A)Self-interest
B)Awareness
C)Action
D)Involvement

Question 15

Composite dental restorations fall under which category of preventive dental care?

A)Primary
B)Secondary
C)Tertiary

Question 16

The rate of illness in a population is called:

A)Natality
B)Mortality
C)Morbidity
D)Attack

Question 17

Which needs assessment method is the most effective for evaluating a large group?

A)Epidemiological survey
B)Survey
C)Direct observation.
D)Questionnaire

Question 18

What is the health "demand" of a given population?

A)The health care that is available
B)The health care that is actually received
C)The health care that is unaffordable
D)The health care that is desired

Question 19

An examination method which uses just a mouth mirror and some lighting would be classified as what kind of examination?

A)Type I
B)Type II
C)Type III
D)Type IV

Question 20

A needs assessment is conducted using the dental caries index Decayed Missing Filled Teeth (DMFT). What could be inferred from scoring a high "M" rate after reviewing the results?

A)There is a need for improved treatment or access to care
B)The dental care available is being utilized
C)There is no need to implement a community program
D)There is a need for improved education among the population

Question 21

Of the following indices, which is reversible?

A)DMFT (Decayed-Missing-Filled Teeth)
B)GI (Gingival Index)
C)PDI (Periodontal Disease Index)
D)RCI (Root Caries Index)

Question 22

A goal is essentially the same thing as an objective.

Question 23

Before a program is designed, the objectives should first be checked to ensure that they meet the criteria contained within the acronym SMART. What does SMART stand for?

A)Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Reasonable, Timed
B)Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Restrictive, Timed
C)Specific, Maintainable, Achievable, Reasonable, Timed
D)Specific, Maintainable, Achievable, Restrictive, Timed

Question 24

The PH (Silness-Löe) Plaque Index measures which factor of oral hygiene?

A)The change in a person's ability to remove debris after receiving oral hygiene instructions
B)The ability of different agents to control plaque and prevent calculus
C)The difference in thickness of the soft deposits found along the gingival margin
D)Overall oral hygiene status

Question 25

What is an individual with the perspective of the target population likely to see in the entire population's needs? Choose all that apply.

A)Demand
B)Perceived needs
C)Subjective needs
D)Objective needs

Question 26

Which of the following periodontal indices would be used to complete a full-mouth periodontal assessment?

A)PI or Russell Index
B)PDI or Ramfjord Index
C)PSR
D)CPITN

Question 27

When implementing a strategy, it is best to select activities which have been put into practice before.

Question 28

Which factors of a community health program should be evaluated?

A)The appropriateness of the program to the topic and the understanding level of the audience
B)The effectiveness of the program
C)The behavior of the presenters
D)The efficiency of the program
E)All of the above

Question 29

Two dental hygiene students are asked to design an informational oral hygiene presentation for a classroom of 15 first-graders. The hygienists conduct a brief needs assessment by asking the teacher to collect information from the children's parents. The hygienists review the parent-completed surveys which reveal that only 6 of the 15 children brush their teeth twice a day with parental supervision. Given the age and awareness level of the audience the hygienists will be addressing, what would be an appropriate means to encourage oral hygiene awareness?

A)Short pamphlets with lots of pictures for the children to color
B)A cartoon video that demonstrates proper brushing technique
C)An activity that includes the use of plaque-disclosing tablets and tooth brushing practice
D)A couple of simple charts displaying previous research that proves good oral???

Question 30

All of the following statements are true of Medicaid except for one. Which one is the EXCEPTION?

A)It was enacted by the Social Security Act
B)It was introduced in 1963
C)It provides health insurance for individuals with low income
D)It provides health insurance for the disabled

Question 31

Learning is most effective and rapid when: _________ . Choose all that apply.

A)The teacher is motivated to teach
B)The learner is intrinsically-motivated to learn
C)The learner sees personal value in what is being taught
D)The learner wants to continue learning

Question 32

At what stage in the learning process is an individual motivated to change behavior?

A)Wareness
B)Habit
C)Self-interest
D)Involvement

Question 33

Which of the following is an example of a formal program evaluation?

A)Asking a few random participants for feedback
B)Questioning a live audience
C)Written pre- and post-tests
D)Setting up a "comments and suggestions" box next to a presentation display

Question 34

Program appraisal is only effective when done at the conclusion of the community health program.

Question 35

Identify the examples of informal delivery of information in a public health educational program. Choose all that apply.

A)Billboard advertisements
B)Brochures
C)Discussion
D)E-mail newsletters
E)Videos

Question 36

Which kind of grant stipulates how the funds are intended to be used in a community health project?

A)Line item grant
B)Formula grant
C)Block grant
D)Earmark grant

Question 37

Which kind of hypothesis test is used to determine the likelihood that an anticipated result or condition would happen regardless of experimental intervention?

A)ANOVA
B)P-Value
C)ANCOVA
D)T-test

Question 38

Consistent performance by the same examiner in a study is known as:

A)Validity
B)Variability
C)Intraexaminer reliability
D)Interexaminer reliability

Question 39

Which kind of study tests a hypothesis to determine a cause?

A)Experimental
B)Longitudinal
C)Descriptive
D)Prospective

Question 40

Also known as a 'case control,' which kind of study seeks to establish a connection between a past event and a present condition?

A)Cross-sectional study
B)Longitudinal study
C)Retrospective study
D)Prospective study

Question 41

When numerical data in descriptive statistics is plotted with a normal curve, which value is the highest?

A)Mean
B)Median
C)Mode
D)None of the above

Question 42

A periodontal probe is used to complete a periodontal exam and determine the presence, location, and severity of periodontal disease. The fact that the disease is diagnosed largely based on the findings of attachment loss demonstrates what important quality?

A)Reliability
B)Validity
C)Sensitivity
D)Specificity

Question 43

Which research sampling technique is most prone to bias?

A)Random
B)Systematic
C)Convenience
D)Judgment

Question 44

Why is being double-blinded the best way to prevent bias in an experimental study?

A)Two or more of the study subjects don't even know a study is going on
B)Neither the researcher nor the study subjects know who is in which group, whether experimental or placebo
C)The researchers are aware of who is in which group, but the study subjects are not
D)The results of the study cannot be known to anyone until many years later